Huang tingjian
In the festive season, peaches and plums laugh, and Noda is sad and worried.
Thunder stung dragons and snakes, and the original vegetation in the suburbs was soft after the rain.
People beg to sacrifice my arrogant concubine, but people are willing to burn to death.
A clever fool has known who it is for thousands of years, and his eyes are full of chrysanthemum.
Note (1) This poem was written during the poet's relegation to Yizhou. ② Scholar: refers to Jie Zhitui, a native of A Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. He died in Jin Wengong for nineteen years. After his success, he refused to be an official and was burned to death in seclusion in Jinshan.
Brief introduction of the author
Huang Tingjian, (1045- 1 105) was a poet, lyricist and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Word,No. Fucheng Weng,No. and. Road flyover in the valley. Originally from Jinhua (now Zhejiang), his ancestors moved to Fenning (now Xiushui, Jiangxi) and became Fenning people. Ping Jinshi, awarded Ye County Commandant. He has served as Professor imperial academy and Secretary Lang, and served as a proofreader of Shi Lu, editing Shi Lu, transferring his works to Lang, and strengthening the collation of scholars' books. The Record of Zongshen was completed, and it was for daily life. Zhezong personally went into politics and was demoted many times. Finally, he was moved out of Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi). Died in exile, sir. There is a biography of the history of Song Dynasty. He is especially good at poetry, and he is also called "Su Huang" with Su Shi. He, Qin Guan and Chao are also called "Four Bachelor's Degree in Su Men". His poems mostly describe personal daily life, pay attention to rhetoric and sentence making in art, and pursue novelty. Calligraphy, Su Shi, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called "Song Sijia". He is the author of 30 volumes of Collected Works of Mr. yu zhang and 3 volumes of External Compilation of Guqin Music. additional remarks
(1) Taolixiao: describes peach blossom and plum blossom in full bloom. (2) burial: tomb. (3) Sting: Animals hibernate. (4) This poem is based on a fable in Mencius, which tells the story of Qi people begging for food to satisfy their hunger at the grave, but boasting in front of their wives that a rich man invited him to drink. This poem quoted an allusion from the Spring and Autumn Period. Retreat is not greed, but would rather be burned to death than go down the mountain to be an official. (6) Yes, that's right. (7) Artemisia scoparia: the common name of Artemisia scoparia. This refers to weeds.
translate
During the Qingming Festival, peaches and plums are in full bloom, smiling like flowers, but Noda's wild grave is a desolate scene. Spring thunder was earth-shattering, awakening the sleeping dragon and snake. There is plenty of rain in spring, and the vegetation on the outskirts of Yuan Ye grows very tender. Once upon a time, there was a Qi man who begged for food at the grave to satisfy his hunger, but when he came home, he showed off to his wife and concubine that the rich man invited him to drink. On the contrary, Jin scholar Jiezi refused to be greedy for Hou Fugui, preferring to be burned to death rather than go down the mountain to be an official. For thousands of years, the virtuous and the foolish have been mixed. Who is right and who is wrong? Finally, they were buried in a barren grave full of weeds.
Distinguish and appreciate
This is the poet's touching work, and he uses the method of contrast to express the impermanence of life. The first antithetical couplet contrasts the laughter of Tomb-Sweeping Day Taoli and the sadness of the lonely grave, revealing a merciless sigh to the world. With a turn of the pen, the couplets show the scene of the revival of all things in nature, which is in sharp contrast with the barren hills of Artemisia which are full of eyes in the latter two couplets. From Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping to Qi's begging, from banning cold food to recommending children to be burned to death, whether smart or stupid, it is a cup of loess in the end. The poet saw the vitality of nature, but thought of the inevitable fate of death in the world, and expressed a negative and nihilistic thought, with sad emotions tangled between the lines. This is inseparable from the poet's life-long political ups and downs and the strong influence of Zen thought on him. However, the work embodies the author's life value orientation, whipping the ugliness of life, seemingly negative, but actually angry. This is not a poem to remember the past and pay homage to the dead, but a poem with the theme of "Qingming" to express the outlook on life of the living. The author's thinking about life begins with seeing the scenery and interacting with people. Although the conclusion of thinking is not optimistic enough, behind the seemingly optimistic feelings, the poet's infinite resentment overflows. The title of the first couplet-"Tomb-Sweeping Day" seems nothing new; Then I write about the scenery. The spring breeze in "Peach and Plum" and "Wild Noda" are different in image style, and then I express my artistic conception by expressing joy, laughter and sadness. The abrupt mood and sharp contrast are creepy to read. Qingming Festival is a festival for Li Tao, because looking forward, there are many bright prospects. Even now, it is full of spring, leading the stage of the season. Why not "laugh"? It's just that the more beautifully dressed this "smile" is, the more you can compare the sadness of the next sentence. The Wilderness in Noda seems to be more suitable for Tomb-Sweeping Day itself. There are no bones left, buried everywhere, loyal ministers and traitors, and ignorant people are angry. How can we not be "worried" if we are unified in the loess? The earth is speechless, but it can only be covered with decay and desolation, and its sorrow is interpreted by poets and the world. From this perspective, the first couplet begins to write about scenery, which is calm and broad, and has a different realm; Be calm and restrained, and prepare for the following life discussion. Zhuan Xu followed the previous article and wrote down "thunder" and "rain" in Qingming Festival: the thunder was earth-shattering, and the reclusive animals woke up; There is abundant rainfall, and the wild grass trees in the suburban fields sprout green and flourish. This is a natural state. It gives people hope, it inspires people to think-attitude towards life. So there are two allusions and two ways to live. "People begging for sacrifices to spare my arrogance and concubine" refers to people who lived in ancient times and begged others to take out the remaining sacrifices for their wives and concubines to eat and show off. "It is unfair to burn people to death" means that honest people, even if burned to death, refuse to live in seclusion and compromise with society. The same life, two realms and noncommittal contrast imply the poet's affirmation and praise of Jie Zhitui's character. At the end of the couplet, a question is raised: Artemisia argyi is a barren hill with bones all over the world. Who knows who is a clever fool? Even if you live in the present, who can tell the difference between the virtuous and the foolish? The rhetorical question of "knowing who it is" saturated the poet's full resentment; There is an insight into life and death at the end of the sentence. This kind of understanding is a degradation of setbacks, an ironic counterattack against real dissatisfaction, and an incompatibility with sticking to personal integrity. In a word, the novel Qingming is a sense of things, which leads to a contrasting life with a contrasting scene and realizes life and death. In the seemingly negative conclusion, it is full of infinite resentment. Huang Tingjian thought of the dead and the value of life in the wasteland from the blooming of Qingming flowers. He lamented that although no matter how wise or stupid, it is a mountain of Artemisia in the end, but the meaning of life is very different. This is the poet's touching work, and he uses the method of contrast to express the impermanence of life. The first antithetical couplet contrasts the laughter of Tomb-Sweeping Day Taoli and the sadness of the lonely grave, revealing a merciless sigh to the world. With a turn of the pen, the couplets show the scene of the revival of all things in nature, which is in sharp contrast with the barren hills of Artemisia which are full of eyes in the latter two couplets. From sweeping graves in Qingming Festival to begging by Qi people, from banning cold food to pushing mesons to burn them, no matter whether they are virtuous or stupid, they are all a pile of loess in the end. The poet saw the vitality of nature, but thought of the inevitable fate of death in the world, and expressed a negative and nihilistic thought, with sad emotions tangled between the lines. This is inseparable from the poet's life-long political ups and downs and the strong influence of Zen thought on him. However, the work embodies the author's life value orientation, whipping the ugliness of life, seemingly negative, but actually angry. (20 1 1 Jiangxi college entrance examination Chinese test)
1. What are the characteristics of the lyric writing of the first couplet of this poem?
2. Point out the origin of the allusion "people begging for sacrifices to concubines". What kind of ideological background does this poem show?
Reference answer
1. Use personification and contrastive rhetoric to describe two different scenery in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and write sadness with music scenes.
2. Mencius or Qi people have wives and concubines. It shows the poet's indignation at this world where different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions. It shows the poet's helplessness.