Zhang Dai: Distinguishing from the Gulan Pavilion
Zhang Dai
The beautiful mountains and rivers are the best in the world, while the clouds are steaming, especially on the mountains. Therefore, wherever you go, you will find famous mountains. Wang Youjun Bujuzi soil, among thousands of rocks and valleys, takes Lanting one place alone. Its scenery is magnificent, and it will be wonderful forever. And when I was young, I saw Lanting ink carving, the rocks were steep, the pavilions were towering, the meandering water flowed, and the goose washed the inkstone. Open the book and look at it, and you can't help but be fascinated.
Wanli is ashamed of ugliness, and the remaining year is seventeen, so it is the year of the right army's training, and I am accompanying you to travel. To the left of Tianzhang Temple, the ruined base is built, the cloud is the former site of Lanting, and I stand and watch, with bamboo stones and mountains, which is far from the scene in the picture. Disappointed, choked for a long time. Therefore, all foreign tourists who want to go to Lanting will be blocked by many means, thinking that Lanting is ignorant. Therefore, it is not enough to wrap your feet, and it will take another 6 years.
it's a shame again this year. Since Yonghe to the present, all 22 are ugly. I'm so glad that I'm here for two days. Because of Comrade Ba, he will be in Lanting last March to make an antique repair. It was a sunny day, and my brother boarded the plane, and I was fit to win the battle, and I climbed the mountain and climbed the rock. Sit on the abbot of Tianzhang and visit the ancient monument. I knew the Lanting and Tianzhang Temple in the old days, which were burned by fire at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the base site was completely lost. Today, the so-called Lanting Man was built in the twenty-seventh year of Yongle. Because there are two ponds on the land, the pavilion is built on it, and the stone is used as a ditch to draw water into the field, imitating the meandering water, which is especially child's play. Cover this place but worship mountains, push away bamboo cultivation, the system is simple, and the scenery is desolate, but a post in the field is embarrassing! Moreover, the place is narrow and the pavilions are dirty. The forty-two people on the Lanting map are here, and they are covered with horses and horses. Where do they stop? It's an innuendo, don't ask.
The monk said that this was not the original address, and there was an ancient orchid pavilion half a mile away. Yu and Dengzi stepped on thorns and looked at them anxiously. When it comes to its place, it is more and more ignorant to be biased and eccentric. There is a stone gate next to it, and the word "Gulanting" is le. I look at it carefully, but it is the ancient road into Lanting, which is also a road, not a pavilion. Return it to the abbot and pick up the inscription of the official department. It is said that in the three years of Wanli, Liu saw Artemisia and Wang Songping in the west of Shu, and their land was at the foot of Chongshan Mountain, with twists and turns in the upstream, which preserved the old Yonghe. Donate some money and entrust the monks to repair it. There is a pavilion, and the plaque says "Lanting Ruins". After that, five halls were built for banquets. A little while ago, the temple was destroyed again, and the pavilion was abolished, and its base address was not tested.
Yu said that Deng Zi said, "Right army, literati, and rhyme people. The location of the pavilion will be considerable. Looking for it in the grass and trees? " It was in front of Tianzhang Temple that we got a Pyongyang, which was owned by the right army's so-called high mountains, the so-called clean water and turbulent water, and the so-called Maolin bamboo-cultivating people. The mountains were like screen rings, and the water was all curved. Deng waved and shouted, "Yes! Yes! " I lay a blanket on the floor, untied my clothes and enjoyed myself for a long time before I returned home.
I call the Lanting Monument, which has been buried for thousands of years. Just like the original Lanting, I will stick to it until I distinguish it, even if I attack it and hide it, so no one is allowed to see it. After being earned by Xiao Yi, he walked halfway, peeked in his sleeve and blossomed everywhere. This is an ancient temple code. I am anxious to build a grass pavilion here and return it to its old address. One is to exhale for Lanting, and the other is to laugh at the right army; It is also the Lanting on the beam, which was earned by Yu and Dengzi. The pavilion is named ink flower, and Xiao Yi is attached secretly.
This article is selected from Zhang Dai's Collected Works of Heaven's Library. In the ninth year of Emperor Yonghe of Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi and others held a meeting in Lanting, and made a preface to Lanting Collection, which was a collection of articles and calligraphy, and was called a double masterpiece, and Lanting became famous from then on. With the extension of the times, by the Ming Dynasty, the old site of Lanting had been lost. Zhang Dai's essay is written to trace the ancient Lanting. Although it is titled "Discrimination", it does not make boring textual research and reasoning, but depicts mountains and waters, which is full of interest and is a beautiful landscape prose. The full text can be divided into three parts, which respectively describe the author's understanding of Lanting in three stages of his life and his karma with Lanting.
The first part records the image of Lanting in the author's mind before he saw the old site of Lanting. Zhang Dai, a native of Shaoxing, has a special liking for the scenery of his hometown, so he called it "the best scenery in the world." The words "while Xiaweiyun is steaming" remind people of Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi's praise of the mountain: "From the mountain, the mountains and rivers reflect each other, which makes people overwhelmed." ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Speech") The author speculates that among such famous scenic spots, the Lanting selected by Wang Xizhi must be "wonderful through the ages". Moreover, the author has also seen ink-carved drawings and paintings depicting Lanting, which further confirmed his speculation and made him yearn for it. The word "can't help" aptly depicts the innocent and beautiful longing and eager impulse of young people.
In the second part, the writer visited the former site of Lanting at the age of seventeen. This year is the year when Wang Xizhi made his debut. The author specially chose such a memorable time to visit Lanting, which shows how much he cherishes this "holy land" in his mind, how much he attaches importance to visiting Lanting for the first time, and how excited he is to think that Lanting, which he has been longing for for for many years, will appear in front of his eyes! What he saw, however, was a "barren" and "inadequate" mountain of bamboo and stone, which was totally different from the "picture in the picture" he saw when he was a teenager and the Lanting in his mind. How can he not make the author "disappointed"! The more ardent the expectation, the greater the blow of disappointment. The beautiful image cherished in my heart for many years is disillusioned, so I am extremely sad and "choked for a long time." He didn't write much about what he saw on this trip, and he didn't want to write more. He prevented others from visiting Lanting, in order to prevent others from experiencing their own painful feelings and protect the good impression of Lanting in people's minds. This move can also show Zhang Dainian's youthful and straightforward personality.
The third part is about the author who is over the age of ancient times and revisiting the old place after being away from Lanting for 6 years. The opportunity to visit Lanting this time is still the year of shame, but it is different from the situation of visiting Lanting for the first time. When you first swim, you just "stand and wait" and turn around and leave; This time, I visited the monk at the monument, traced back to the source, watched silently, and swam carefully. At this time, the author's age, self-cultivation and mood have all entered the old world, and he has enough psychological preparation, so he is not as hasty and depressed as he was for the first time, but his desire to find Lanting monuments is even more urgent. First, he coldly observed the so-called Lanting ruins, explored its origin, and examined its environment, layout, structure and bearing one by one, concluding that it was "innuendo" and thought it was so plain and desolate, "but it was just a slap in the face (the field shed where the small official in charge of farmland lived)." When the monk told me that "there is still an ancient orchid pavilion half a mile away", the author was overjoyed, and the words "stepping on thorns and looking at it urgently" vividly wrote his anxious mood. However, this time, the clues of the "less concept" forced to find historical sites are also at a loss. However, after these two searches, the author suddenly realized. Unlike when he was young, he was disappointed, but decided to abandon his predecessors. According to his own life accumulation and aesthetic experience, according to his own understanding of Wang Xizhi and Lan Ting, he went directly to nature to discover and dig. Finally, the heart and the situation, "get a Pyongyang", "lofty mountains, lush forests and bamboo pruning, clean water and turbulent" described in the preface to Lanting Collection, are vivid in my mind. The author rejoiced at his discovery, sat on the floor, enjoyed himself, and lingered. The author doesn't deliberately look for any ruins and waste pools to prove his findings. In his opinion, all this is irrelevant. What is important is that the true mountains and waters and spiritual atmosphere here are connected with the Lanting in his mind, and there is the true meaning of Lanting's beauty.
Wang Guowei put forward in "Tales on Earth": "There is a realm with me and a realm without me". There is my realm', and I look at things, so everything is my color; There is no realm of me, and things are viewed by things, so I don't know what is for me and what is for things. " The Gulanting in this article is a "realm with me" for the author. Zhang Dai's process of searching for the old site of Lanting is precisely the process of pursuing the perfect state of unity of things and me and harmony of mind. His criticism and spurning of those so-called relics is to cling to his own aesthetic ideal; And once you find the Lanting in your heart, all arguments are redundant. Perhaps this article is not a qualified textual research article, but it is a rare essay full of beautiful inspiration.
In the last paragraph of the article, the author uses the story that Xiao Yi earned the original preface to the Orchid Pavilion from a monk who distinguished talents to describe his discovery of the old site of Orchid Pavilion, which is full of pride and humor. His idea of naming a pavilion also gives readers a reverie, strong affection and lasting appeal.