Small seal script:
Also known as "Qin Zhuan". The popular characters in Qin dynasty were developed on the basis of sketches, and the fonts were even and neat, which was simpler than sketches. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he adopted Lisi's opinion, implemented the policy of unifying Chinese characters, and took Xiao Zhuan as the orthography, which eliminated the variant characters prevailing in other regions and played a great role in the standardization of Chinese characters.
There are stone vestiges in Langxietai and Taishan, which can represent their styles. Xiao Zhuan's strokes are complex, with peculiar forms and twists and turns that can be added at will. In seal cutting, especially the official seal that needs anti-counterfeiting, seal script has been used until the collapse of feudal dynasty and the emergence of modern new anti-counterfeiting technology.
Official script:
Chinese font name. Also called history books. It evolved from the simplification of seal script. Turn the round strokes of seal script into square folds, and turn hieroglyphs into strokes to write. It was widely used in Qin, Han and Wei dynasties. Cheng Miao collected and sorted out this writing method in Qin dynasty, and later generations said that Cheng Miao created official script.
Official script can be divided into Qin official script (ancient official script) and official script (modern official script). The appearance of official script is a great change in ancient writing and calligraphy. Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters. Its writing effect is slightly flat, horizontal drawing is long, straight drawing is short, and it pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and twists and turns.
In italics:
A style of Chinese characters. Also known as official script, real script and block letters, it evolved from official script. The figure is square and the strokes are straight, which can be used as a model, hence the name regular script. Began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many famous regular script writers, including Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Regular script is a kind of handwritten regular character in modern Chinese.
Evolution of language families:
Chinese is an analytical language of Sino-Tibetan language family, with tones. Chinese characters originated from pictures. In the early stage of Chinese characters, the shape of pictographic characters is directly related to the meaning of morphemes it represents. Although each word has its own fixed pronunciation, the glyph itself is not a phonetic symbol, which is different from the pinyin letters.
The pronunciation of hieroglyphics is transmitted to it through the morphemes it represents. With the evolution of glyphs, pictographs are becoming less and less pictographs.