The following is what I found online. You can use it as a reference. There are some that are not excerpted. Due to space limitations, just look at the link:
www.goole.com
[Thanks]
We would like to thank all the classmates, uncles, aunts, grandfathers and grandmothers who supported and cooperated with our investigation. Thanks to the teachers who gave us help and guidance during the research process.
[Attachment]
Attachment 1: Knowledge about couplets
Attachment 2: Collection of ancient and modern classic couplets
Attachment 3: Research group couplets Summary of Research Feelings
Appendix 4: Some thoughts of team members after completing the project
Appendix 1: Knowledge about couplets
[Couplets] are commonly known as "couples" , commonly known as "pair". A couplet is an independent chapter composed of two neat dual sentences. Its basic characteristics are equal number of words, relative oblique and oblique; similar parts of speech and similar syntax; related semantics and equivalent momentum. As a literary genre and cultural phenomenon that is both refined and popular, couplets are nurtured in "parallel prose" and "rhythmic verses", formed after "parallel prose" and "rhythmic poetry", and independent of "parallel prose" and "rhythmic poetry" In addition, it is related to the "art of calligraphy" and developed on "parallel prose" and "rhymed poetry". Couplets are a cultural phenomenon and a literary brand. They have the most Chinese characteristics and cannot be translated, rewritten, or transplanted.
[Classification] The types of couplets are roughly divided into Spring Festival couplets, happy couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, social couplets, mourning couplets, scenic spot couplets, gift couplets with mottos and miscellaneous couplets (including Humorous couplets....) etc. The length of the couplet text varies. The short ones are only one or two characters; the long ones can reach hundreds of characters. There are various forms of couplets, including positive pairs, opposing pairs, running-water pairs, joint-ball pairs, and collection-sentence pairs. However, no matter what type of couplet and what form is used, it must have the following characteristics: 1. The number of words must be equal and the sentences must be consistent. Unless the position of a certain word is intentionally left vacant to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, no more, no less. 2. The levels and tones must be consistent and the tones must be harmonious. The traditional custom is "廄 rises and flat falls", that is, the last word of the first line is in the square tone, and the last word of the second line is in the flat tone. 3. The parts of speech should be relative and the positions should be the same. It is generally called "Void to Void, Real to Real", that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, and relative words must be in the same position. 4. The content should be relevant and connected from top to bottom. The meanings of the upper and lower lines must be connected to each other, but they cannot be repeated. In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and vertically, from right to left, top to bottom, and cannot be reversed. Hengpi, which is closely related to the couplet, can be said to be the title and the center of the couplet. Good horizontal batches can play a finishing touch and complement each other in the couplets.
[The origin and development of couplets] Couplets are one of my country's unique literary forms. Its wonderful combination with calligraphy has become a colorful artistic creation of the Chinese nation. Couplets, also known as "couples", are named after the couplets that were often hung in the halls of buildings and houses in ancient times. As early as before the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was a custom of hanging peach charms during the Chinese New Year. The so-called Taofu means writing the names of the legendary ghost-conquering gods "Shen Tu" and "Yu Lei" on two peach boards respectively, and hanging them on the left and right doors to drive away ghosts and suppress evil spirits. This custom lasted for more than a thousand years. It was not until the Five Dynasties that people began to inscribe couplets on peach boards. According to the "History of the Shu Family in the Song Dynasty", Meng Chang, the lord of Shu after the Five Dynasties, "every year, he ordered a scholar to compose a poem, write a peach charm, and place it around the door of his bed. In the last year of his life (AD 964), the scholar Xing Yinxun wrote a poem, and Chang used it as a poem. Fei Gong's self-motivated inscription says: "New Year's greetings, Jiajie Changchun." This is the earliest Spring Festival couplet in my country. After the Song Dynasty, it has become quite common for folk to hang Spring Festival couplets during the New Year. The sentence in Wang Anshi's poem "Thousands of households always replace old talismans with new peaches" is a true portrayal of the grand occasion at that time.
Since the appearance of Spring Festival couplets is closely related to Taofu, the ancients also called Spring Festival couplets "Taofu". It was not until the Ming Dynasty that people began to use red paper instead of peach boards, resulting in the Spring Festival couplets we see today. According to the "Miscellaneous Stories of Hairpin Cloud Tower", after Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty established his capital in Jinling, before New Year's Eve, he ordered the ministers, officials, and common people to add a Spring Festival couplet to every door, and he personally went out incognito to watch and enjoy the couplets door to door. Since then, all literati have regarded the combination of title and couplets as an elegant thing. After entering the Qing Dynasty, couplets were at their peak, and many famous and famous couplets appeared. With the development of cultural exchanges between countries, couplets have also been introduced to Vietnam, North Korea, Japan, Singapore and other countries. These countries still retain the custom of posting couplets.
Appendix 2: Collection of ancient classic couplets
First couplet: It is good to read but not good to read.
Second line: It is good to study but not easy to study.
This couplet was written by Xu Wei of Ming Dynasty. The first couplet means that when you are young, you like to study but don't like reading. When you are old, you like to study but don't like reading.
The first couplet: See the plum blossoms sweeping away the snow.
The second couplet: Take a close look at the mountains and dancing streams.
The first couplet: Yulan Hall, Magnolia buds The majestic scenery is over the fence, trying to block my view.
Second couplet: The Qing banquet boat, the bright lotus fragrance attracts the light swallows, and the love is lost in the clear smoke.
First couplet: The pagoda has six or seven floors, with a large crane in the center.
Original pair: Twelve pages of the book, recording the Spring and Autumn Period.
First line: When frost comes, who will pity the widow with her cold feet?
Second line: Grain Rain and Rainy Valley, I pity the girl to be alone and cold.
This couplet is a 1943 "Ta Kung Pao" campaign couplet, written by Marshal Chen Yi. This couplet is also a solar term couplet.
First line: Palm leaves, peach leaves and grape leaves, herbaceous and woody.
Second line: Plum blossoms, osmanthus, roses, the fragrance of spring and autumn.
First couplet: Maple trees are planted on the peaks; the wind blows the maples and the peaks remain motionless.
Original pair: There is a heron sitting on the roadside, and the dew-dropping heron is frightened by the road.
First couplet: My sister-in-law sweeps away the firewood and calls to my uncle to collect it.
Second line: My aunt moves the broken bucket to make my aunt hoop.
This couplet was written by Bohu and Zhu Zhishan of Tang Dynasty in Ming Dynasty.
First line: The old crow tramples the old branches, and the crows fly down the branches.
Second line: The crane returns to the fairy stream, and the crane chirps in the stream.
This couplet is Liu Yu versus Liu Chang.
First couplet: Most court officials wear court crowns.
Second line: The palace maid always holds the palace quilt.
This couplet is between Wang Shouren and a certain official.
First couplet: Move the chair and lean against the tung trees to admire the moon together.
Second line: Light up the lamps and go to the pavilion to read books.
This couplet is said to be a couplet used by Bao Zheng of the Song Dynasty to solve strange cases.
First couplet: In the Bell and Drum Tower, the bells ring continuously all night long.
Original pair: In the Jinke Field, the names on the gold list were just named today.
Xinlian: In slang songs, slang words from past dynasties continue endlessly.
Xinlian: Behind the waiting platform, the loving migratory birds come back again.
This couplet is the Nanjing Bell and Drum Tower couplet. The first new couplet was written by Liu Zheng, and the second by Wang Tangzheng.
First line: The ground veins silently produce wheat leaves.
Second line: Why not plant lotus flowers in Tianhe.
This couplet is the counterpart of Zeng Qi in the Qing Dynasty.
First couplet: We passed the Tongtuo Ridge together.
Second line: This is the opening of the Golden Horse Pass.
This couplet is Qinglou Zhongyi versus Du Weiming. The second couplet refers to Qianlong's opening of the Western Regions.
First line: Punting a boat at the port, talking about the money for the boat.
Second line: The kiln head buys tiles and shakes his head for the price.
This couplet was written by Su Shi. 'Speak' in dialect is pronounced (gang).
First couplet: There is no rain in dense clouds, and there is no water in Tongzhou to allow boats to pass.
Second line: The vast fields are filled with fields, and when there is autumn in Jimo, everything is filled with wheat.
This couplet is embedded with the names of the four counties and cities of Miyun, Tongzhou, Juye and Jimo, and the ancient sound of the word "Mai" (mo).
First couplet: Lao Zao fell by the road.
Second line: Dwarf locust trees are planted on the terraces.
This couplet is Yang Shen of Ming Dynasty versus Yang Tinghe. For the same rhyme couplet.
First line: Sheng Sheng Sheng Sheng Sheng Sheng.
Second line: OK, OK, OK, OK.
This couplet is a stage couplet from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. The second, fourth and seventh couplets of the first couplet are read (sheng), and the first, third, fifth and sixth couplets are read (cheng
); The line reading of 247 in the second line is (xing), and the first, third, fifth, and sixth readings are (han). In this way, the first couplet becomes the sound of acting, and the second couplet becomes the noise of people in the audience.
First couplet: Chao Chao Chao Chao Chao Xi.
Second line: Long and long.
This couplet is Fuzhou Luoxing Pagoda couplet. The first couplet reads: Chao Chao Chao, Chao Chao Chao Tide. The second line reads: Long-term rise, long-term rise and long-term decline.
First line: Le Le Le Le Le Le Le.
Second line: Chao Chao Chao Chao Chao Chao.
This couplet is the couplet of Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City. The first couplet reads: Le said, Le said, Le Le said. The second couplet reads: Zhao Chao, Zhao Chao, Zhao Zhao Chao. It means pilgrimage.
First couplet: Chaoyun retreats.
Second line: The water flows long and long.
This couplet is the couplet of Chaoyun Temple in Sichuan. The first couplet reads: Chaoyun Chao, Chao Chao Chao, Chao Chao Chao retreats. The second line reads: Long water rises, long rises, long rises, long flow.
First line: See you, see you, see you.
Second line: Qiqiqiqiqiqi.
This couplet is the Lingyan couplet of Gongliao West in Taipei, Taiwan. The first couplet reads: See the present, see the present, see the present; the second couplet reads: Qizhai Qizhai Qiqizhai.
First line: Ice is better than ice, water is ice.
Original pair: None!
This couplet was written by Mr. Jin Yong, and no one has been able to correct it
The first couplet: Catalpa tree flowers bloom in the summer when they do not bloom in autumn.
New couplet: Love flowers and fruits are not sweet when they are green but sweet when they are ripe.
First couplet: Jujube spines are used as fuel, cut and split into four bunches.
Original pair: Build the house with the Chang gate, move more to make up for the less and build two rooms.
This couplet was written by Qianlong and Liu Yong, and it can be described as a very strange and clever thing.
First couplet: The 1898 Movement is of the same body, but the abdomen is a little short.
Second line: I have already been traced, so why not challenge both at once?
This couplet comes from "Lian Zhai Zhi Yi" and "Fox Couplet": Jiao Sheng is the uncle of Mr. Zhangqiu Shihong. In the reading garden, two beauties came in the evening, both of their stunning colors. One can be seventeen or eighteen, one can be about fourteen or fifteen, and some can smile. Jiao knows that he is a fox, so he refuses it with dignity. The elder said: "Your beard is like a halberd, how can you not be manly?" Jiao said: "A servant would never dare to be two-color in his life." The girl laughed and said: "How clever! Is your son still guarding the corrupt position? The ghosts and gods of the lower realm are doing everything. Black is white, what about the trivial matters in bed? The girl knew that she couldn't move, so she said: "Your name is Corporal, and I have a couplet with you. Please be the right one, and you can go to me: we are of the same body in Wuxu, and we owe a little in the belly." Jiao Ning couldn't agree. The woman laughed and said, "Is this true for famous people? I can tell you the truth: I have already been traced, so why not challenge both men?" and left with a smile.
First couplet: Two hearts of kindness and kindness, and taxes are increased because of the land.
Second line: If there is water on one side of the river or pond, you can also be exempted from food.
There are two counties in Guangxi, Si'en and Hechi. A chief envoy summoned the two county magistrates at one time and asked for additional taxes. Both county magistrates requested tax exemptions because of the local poverty, so the chief envoy issued a couplet. The name of the county "Si'en" is embedded in the first couplet, and the removal is very clever. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate of Hechi wrote the second couplet in Hechi's words, and the couplets have opposite meanings, which can be said to be a brilliant talent. The chief envoy had no choice but to waive taxes.
First couplet: Intentional attempt to break the sect.
Second line: Wuxin Ningguo.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, 'Chongning Tongbao' was cast. Song Huizong ordered Cai Jing to write it. In order to save murals and make it easier to cast characters, Cai Jing connected the character "Chong" with one stroke up and down in the middle. This was a commonly used method in ancient times. And the "心" in the middle of "Ning (traditional Chinese: Ning)" is removed. It was a custom. But Cai Jing is a traitorous prime minister, so someone borrowed the topic and recited it into a couplet. He picked it up at his fingertips, seamlessly, deeply into the wood, and amazed.
First couplet: The East Temple Kan, the West Temple Room, the east and west temples have the same portals, so they dare to sit across from each other.
Second line: The Nanjing River, the city of Beijing, the two capitals of the north and the south, the confluence of water and soil, can lead to hegemony.
This couplet shows that there were two temples in one place during the Ming Dynasty, namely Kanze in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms and the temple of Xuanling in Tang Dynasty, so the first couplet was circulated. Later, some people compared this couplet with the clear establishment of two capitals, the north and the south.
First couplet: Only I am content, southwest, northeast, and everyone speaks from all directions.
Original pair: Missing!
This couplet can also be called the best, and the beauty lies in the first four characters. There are a few second lines, but none of them are good. For example, Biying's: "The lanterns are nailed in Tingqu, water, earth, metal and wood, and the five elements are missing wood." ’ The second half of the second line is very correct, but the first four characters are completely made up. And mine: "The teacher looks forward, left and right, up and down, the great road is unified." ’ ‘The teacher leads and looks’ comes from the book Taiping Guangji: The teacher leads and looks, which is actually taken out of context.
Four words of help: the fishery burns money. Based on facts and feelings.
First couplet: Feng tamed two horses, tamed three horses, and Feng tamed five horses to the princes.
Original pair: There are people in Yi, there are no people in Yin, Yi and Yin are killed by one person.
This couplet was written by Feng Xun, the prefect of the Ming Dynasty, and was written by Li Zicheng. The first couplet was called the Five Horse Lords in ancient times because of the prefect. The second line is because the prime minister is inferior to one person and superior to ten thousand people. Therefore, it is called one person's tomb slaughter. I refer to the character Kong Jiji in Mr. Lu Xun's novels. Another Qing Yunnan admiral Ruan Yantai. Note: The word '阝' in ancient Chinese is next to 'bu'; the word 'right ear' is next to 'yi'. ‘Bu’ and ‘Yi’ are common.
Appendix 3: Summary of the research team’s feelings on couplet research
1. Understanding of choosing this topic
Couplets are an ancient cultural heritage unique to our country, and they are related to rhymed poetry, Peking Opera, like Peking Opera, is the “quintessence” of Chinese culture. The reason why it is said to be the quintessence of the nation is that it is only owned by Chinese culture. It is a cultural style created, developed and continuously improved by the Chinese people (including ordinary workers and intellectuals) in the long-term cultural construction and cultural inheritance; it is closely related to China The economic environment, social ecology, spiritual character, national psychology, folk customs, cultural genes, etc. are closely and inseparably related. They are unique and unique flowers nourished by the land of China. The classification of couplets can be divided into Buddhist couplets, scenic spot couplets, festival couplets, etc. according to their content; they can be divided into couplets, elegiac couplets, longevity couplets, etc. according to their uses and occasions... The classification of couplets is complicated and diverse, and the couplets we want to study in this topic Generally concentrated in Buddhist couplets and historical couplets.
At the same time, studying the culture of couplets is also very helpful in improving our language appreciation ability. Couplets are my country's outstanding cultural heritage. This research study has a significant role in improving students' language appreciation ability and cultivating literary literacy.
II. Overview of the Research Process
In this research, our team conducted 5 research activities ***.
During these five research activities, generally speaking, the members of our group were very positive. During the assignment and implementation of various tasks, the team members were always available, completed the tasks seriously, and actively cooperated with the more difficult tasks to ensure the smooth implementation of the project. During the later compilation and summary of data and the presentation of personal results, the team members also showed great enthusiasm, taking the tasks assigned to them seriously and completing them in a timely manner.
In the process of collecting information, we also conducted a questionnaire survey on this topic. During the process of collecting information, the instructor, Mr. Chi Wancun, also gave very targeted guidance to our group. sex. Since this was the first practical activity of research-based learning, many things were not done enough. Teacher Chi Wancun was always able to give the team members a clear direction and clear improvement methods. These several interactions between teachers and students are also one of the important factors for the successful completion of our research project.
Of course, it is inevitable that there will be some disagreements among the team members during the process of collecting data, but after discussions and adjustments, the research process was still filled with a relaxed and cheerful atmosphere. Moreover, in the later collection of data and presentation of personal results, the actions of the team members were also very satisfactory. During this process, the team members showed unprecedented enthusiasm and enthusiasm. The curiosity about couplet culture was fully revealed in this process. On the basis of understanding the cultural history of the couplets, the team members classified and organized the contents of the couplets, made comparisons and summaries, and wrote their own personal evaluations and summaries. Many disorganized information collected previously were organized into orderly electronic information during this activity.
During this period, due to the influence of some external factors, such as more pressing schoolwork, some students were unable to make more contributions to the data collection through the computer when they went home during the holidays, but most of them actively used their spare time to contribute to the data collection. own contribution. Especially during the final conclusion process, the team members actively expressed their opinions and suggestions, and actively raised questions about things they did not understand. The atmosphere of communication was very lively. During this process, Teacher Chi's guidance to our group was also clear and clear, and he pointed out some shortcomings. The team members all attached great importance to Teacher Chi's opinions, conscientiously improved, and continued to improve.
3. Conclusion
From the overall activity process, the members of our group are very positive. In the assignment and implementation of various tasks, the team members completed the tasks seriously to ensure the smooth implementation of the project. Of course, in some processes, we encountered certain difficulties and were frustrated and disappointed. But the collective strength is huge, and we have successfully overcome these difficulties.
From the perspective of the entire project, all our team members have learned a lot. There are many difficulties in the research process, but our team members are very good at accumulating experience, actively improving, and constantly improving. This project activity not only exercised the practical ability, expression and appreciation ability of each of our team members, but also enhanced the communication between team members, and their interpersonal skills were also improved... Generally speaking, the team members The harvest is very rich. I think this will be an asset that will benefit the team members a lot and help them get through more difficulties.
In this activity, we learned a lot, which is not only a further understanding of the couplet culture, not only the training and improvement of personal abilities, but also the thinking about ourselves and the Thinking about culture, thinking about the new generation. Even those of us who participated in the research were indifferent or even somewhat dismissive of the couplet culture before we had an in-depth understanding of it. But we quickly realized the shallowness of this idea, and at the same time we also learned that there are definitely not a few people who hold such ideas among teenagers. And people who hold this idea are not just the young generation. Due to the rapid economic development and the accelerated construction of towns, people pay less and less attention to culture, resulting in a large loss of culture. The gradual loss of couplet culture reflects people's lack of attention to culture from one aspect, which should arouse people's reflection and vigilance.
I hope that when people are chasing new things and fashion trends at home and abroad, they will not forget to look back at the beautiful land beneath their feet. Its long and beautiful culture needs people to care for it; its five thousand years of history needs people to pass it on.