In the sparkling and beautiful West Lake in Hangzhou, there is a scenic spot-an isolated mountain surrounded by lake water, with isolated peaks and quiet. In Song Dynasty, Chu Shi Lin Bu lived in seclusion in a house under construction.
Lin Bu, a soldier, was born in 967 AD and died in 1028. Lin Bu once lived in a lonely mountain for more than twenty years, which was worse than a city. They grow many kinds of plums and raise cranes. They are Mei's wife and Mr. Jing. Today, there is a tomb shrine in the shade of an isolated mountain south of Heting. It is said that this is Lin Bu's Laolu, which is built on the mountain, facing the Houhu Lake and separated from Baoshi Mountain by water. It is very elegant.
There are two versions of Lin Bu's birthplace. One is from Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and this view is based on a series of historical books, such as History of Song Dynasty, Biography of Hermit, etc. One is Siming (now Huangxian Village, Fenghua, Zhejiang), and some historical writers in Fenghua, Zhejiang hold this view.
According to "History of Song Dynasty", Lin Bu was gifted since childhood. As a teenager, he was a brilliant scholar. He has made unique achievements in both calligraphy and poetry. Historical records record that he is "good at writing, happy for poetry, and beautiful in words." In particular, his plum blossom poems are unique, beautiful and moving, and are admired by future generations. Among them, "Little Beauty in the Mountain Garden" became popular after publication:
All fragrant people shake off their beauty and occupy all the amorous feelings of the small garden; "Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
The frost bird wants to peek first, but the pink butterfly knows that it will break its soul; Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood gold statues.
This poem not only vividly depicts the clear shadow of plum blossom in a quiet environment, but also integrates plum blossom with personality. Among them, "thin shadow" and "faint fragrance" became Yongmei's eternal swan song, which aroused the reverie of many literati. After Lin Bu, they became more and more popular, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Lu You, Xin Qiji, Yang Wanli and Mei, who wrote many poems. Su Shi even took this poem by Lin Bu as an example to express his feelings and let his son Su Guo learn.
Although Lin Bu is a gifted scholar, he is determined not to be an official, do business or marry. Why?
Some scholars believe that Lin Bu was born in the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty, not without talent, nor did he have the opportunity to be an official. But he doesn't seek fame and fortune, and he is indifferent to mountains and rivers, which is probably related to his extensive reading of poems and his deep influence on Laozi and Zhuangzi. Lin Bu's thought of passive seclusion was obviously the product of social and historical conditions at that time, which is not desirable today. However, his broad-minded and cheerful attitude towards life, his character of being indifferent and not going with the flow are all worth learning by future generations.
Some people think that Lin Bu's seclusion in the mountains may be related to his family background and his character cultivated since childhood. According to Mei, a young poet who sang with him, Lin Bu was "sick when he was young, unmarried and childless". Lin Bu's grandfather, Mink, was born in the Five Dynasties. He was from the Wu and Yue Dynasties and was extremely poor. When he 10 was in his teens, his parents died one after another, leaving only one brother to live with him. His parents died and his life was hard, which made his temperament more calm. Due to the scholarly family and the enlightenment education of childhood articles, Lin Bu developed a character of "indifferent, good at the past, prosperous and beneficial to people"; This has a lot to do with his willingness to live a quiet and leisurely life when he grows up.
According to some historical records, Lin Bu himself often told his friends that the most important thing in life is to choose the ambition that suits him, and the joy of life does not lie in having a happy family. Nor does it lie in fame and fortune, although it is not uncommon for those dignitaries to be knighted and rewarded; Those wonderful stories about Mei Qi are not bad. I am indifferent to the ancient road by nature, not seeking wealth and wealth. Only green mountains and green waters are suitable for my temperament. In my opinion, the beautiful scenery of my hometown suits my mood best. A mediocre person like me might as well linger in the lakes and mountains.
Lin Bu once left his hometown in the prime of life, "wandering between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River". Soon, because he didn't like those who were keen on fame and fortune, and he was not used to the noisy life of the city, he returned to the West Lake and chose the isolated island in the West Lake as a secluded place. The lonely mountain is surrounded by water and covered with mountains and green hills, which is very quiet. Lin Bu built a thatched cottage here and lived a contented seclusion.
In seclusion, he was accompanied by plum blossoms and white cranes, and he was inseparable. Why does he love plum blossoms and white cranes so much?
His hobby naturally shows his indifference to worldly fame and fortune, but it also permeates his deep affection for his hometown and nature. In his view, the seclusion and detachment of plum blossom fit his personality very well. Plum blossoms are elegant and beautiful. Against the backdrop of the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, plum blossoms compete to open, or lean against bamboo fences or stand across the water, with elegant and charming gestures and unique features. Occasionally, the snow blows and the flowers fall, but only the plum blossom is still unique, and the flowers are scattered and fragrant, showing its cool and noble pride. Compared with the elegant and fragrant plum blossom, Lin Bu's temperament has been cultivated, and all the troubles in the world and the gains and losses of vanity fair have all turned into clouds.
The white crane is also loved by him because of its carefree character. White cranes are often compared to noble gentlemen. For example, Pei Songzhi is quoted in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi: "The so-called white crane in the Taijun cloud is not as good as the quail net." Lin Bu read a lot of poetry books, and he couldn't help knowing these allusions. His domesticated two white cranes flew vertically into the sky, circled for a long time, and returned to the cage. He often goes boating on the West Lake. When the guests arrive, the boy will sit down, open the cage, let the crane go, and Linbu will sail home. Whenever the crane sees him coming back from outside, it always greets him with its neck. Even if he is put into the air and flies away, he will definitely go home soon. Usually in front of Linbu, take a stroll. If you are hungry, you will scream and beg for food. Lin Bu often touched white cranes, observed their actions for a long time, and wrote many poems to describe their elegant character.
Lin Bu lives in seclusion in the mountains and has no interest in being an official. Some senior officials and ministers visited the lonely mountain and advised him to go out to be an official. He repeatedly said: prosperity is like a dream for a while, but it is nothing. Nothing is more pleasant than being in the beautiful green hills. Until he was 62 years old, he wrote a poem before he died: "The mountains on the lake are clean, and the autumn colors in front of the grave become bleak." I'm glad there is no Zen book for Maoling to draft another day. "I summed up my life. However, Lin Hejing, who lives on a lonely mountain, does not pretend to be reserved or arrogant. He treats people with humility and does not refuse to associate with friends in the literary world or even officialdom at that time. For example, he and the poet Mei made a fire with dead branches on a lonely mountain on a snowy night, and then drank around the stove. Fan Zhongyan Zeng Zeng's five poems. It is said that Hangzhou satrap, at least five of whom have close contacts with him. A consultation with Hangzhou Taishou Li actually kept the coffin for seven days after his death. The then emperor Song Zhenzong also gave him the title of "Chu Shi".
As a hermit, living in a temple far away from mountains and winning a reputation, Lin Hejing is a very successful scholar in China. Hangzhou monk Zhiyuan, who has deep contacts with him; Lin Hejing is a "Xun Meng gifted scholar". It is rare for him to be able to grasp the discretion and deal with it freely as soon as he was born into the WTO.
Lin Bu himself didn't want to be an official, but he didn't object to being an official for the younger generation. He has never been married and has no children. My brother's son Lin You taught him again and again. Later, Lin You was admitted to the first division of Jinshi, and he was very happy. He once wrote a poem "Happy Nephew". Someone laughed at him and said, "You live in seclusion and are opposed to teaching your sons and nephews to take the exam. What is the reason?" Lin Bu replied, "It's not honor but humiliation, because people have different temperaments. Be proud if you are suitable, and lose face if you are not suitable. I'm not a real hermit, but I like to be alone. My nephew pursues fame. How can he generalize? " History has proved that Lin Bu has no descendants. In recent years, someone took a man named Lin Keshan, who claimed to be the grandson of Lin Bu VII, as an example to illustrate that Lin Bu might have been married or had a love story. This is all speculation. Lin Keshan didn't know that Lin Bu would never marry, mistook him for an ancestor, and was always ridiculed by his predecessors. Jiang Kui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once quipped: "He Jingfu didn't marry that year. If the crane doesn't plant plums, it must be melon skin and plum skin. "