Xixia coins are in Xixia and Chinese. When did Xixia set up an institution to cast money and when did it end? In the past, there were many arguments among coin scholars. Now, from the title of Emperor Qian Wen of Xixia, we can prove the time when they set up a prison to cast money. For example, "Fusheng Qian Bao" and "Fushengdao" are the titles of Zongyi Liangyou, the second generation emperor of Xixia, and the coins themselves prove that Xixia set up the supervision of making coins in A.D. 1053- 1056.
Since the revival of Qian Bao, the Xixia coins that have been seen in the world include Da 'an Qian Bao of Huizong Military Field, Gan You Qian Bao of Renzong Renxiao, Tian Qian of Huanzong Spring Tour, etc. It can be inferred that the casting time of China coins is later than Xixia coins.
2. Helan Mountain Dafenggou and Yushutai Xixia save money.
(1)1979 and 1980, two batches of coins hoarded by Xixia were found in Dafeng Gou and Yushutai of Helan Mountain, totaling more than 14000 pieces. Archaeologists from Ningxia participated in the sorting and cleaning work, and found that this was coin hoard from the Western Han Dynasty to the Liao, Jin and Xixia Dynasties. Among them, there are three kinds of money in Xixia, namely "Jin Kui Dabao Money", "Ganyoubao Money" and "Tianqingbao Money", and there are seven kinds of Chinese, namely "Yuan Debao", "Yuan De Bao Tong", "Ganyoubao", "Tianqingbao" and "Guangdingbao".
The excavation of these two batches of coins is of great significance to the study of Xixia coins and the understanding of Xixia social and economic conditions.
2 "sunny box". 1983, Comrade Niu made a rubbings of Xixia with unique characters, which was identified as "Tianqing Treasures" by the author. In order to preserve it, I asked my friend to copy a zinc version and give it to Comrade Niu.
(3) "Zhiyuan" has been seen in the world for a long time, and the word Xixia on the back means "Liu". In the early thirties, Luo interpreted it as "a stream in circulation, which should be read as a master" (the Xixia special issue published by the National Beiping Library has a correct meaning; He explained that it was the word "Zhiyuan" in Xixia, but Xixia didn't have the title of "Zhiyuan", indicating that money was cast in Yuan Dynasty. Recently, Wei included this kind of Yuan Dynasty coins in the Supplement to Four Dynasties Coins in the special issue of Inner Mongolia Finance and Coins, and said that the word "eight characters" was correct. It can be said that it is a kind of "Fan, Han and Yuan".
(4) The money in Xixia script is "treasure money", but the word "Zhenguan treasure money" is interpreted as "Ben" among the palm beads, the wonderful lotus sutra, the Xixia script, the tone and the literary sea. Whether this word is another word for money is not found in Xixia literature, so we need to study it again. The author thinks that according to the extension method of Chinese characters, this word can be extended to "principal (interest) money".
As for the translation and interpretation of Xixia coins, the author noticed a problem (I also talked with Comrade Niu, but it has never been solved): Xixia coins, written in Xixia characters, are called "treasure money", while China coins are called "Bao Tong", "treasure" and "ingot". The author suspects that the word "treasure money" is not literally interpreted in Xixia language, but is the same as Chinese money, but he can't find out which is "treasure" and which is "treasure" and "ingot".
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Xixia characters are created by imitating Xixia characters. Volume 12 of the compilation book is designated as the "national book", and everything from Buddhist scriptures to folk letters is written in Xixia language. In order to facilitate people to learn Xixia, a dictionary was also published. Xixia perished in Mongolian Empire on 1227, and Xixia literature gradually disappeared. Today, these dictionaries, as well as some Buddhist scriptures and calligraphy works, can be found in western Inner Mongolia. Although the formation of Xixia characters is similar to Chinese characters, it avoids the similarity with Chinese characters and the confusion between Chinese characters and their own characters. Xixia language belongs to the Qiang branch of Sino-Tibetan language family, and the language of Xixia people has been lost, which is most closely related to modern Qiang language and Muya language.
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Xixia script is a brand-new square character independent of Chinese characters. Because it imitates the word formation of Chinese characters and recreates it by borrowing the basic strokes of Chinese characters, it looks like Chinese characters at first glance. Its basic strokes have the same points, horizontal, vertical, left, left and right as Chinese characters, but there is no common vertical hook in Chinese characters, and more oblique strokes are used. Because of the numerous strokes and complicated structure, many numbers are more than ten, which makes it difficult to remember and write. Even the simplest numbers in Chinese characters are quite complicated in Xixia characters.
Xixia characters are created by imitating Chinese characters. China's calligraphy has five styles: seal script, official script, original script, running script and cursive script, and the original script is regular script. Four characters, Zhuan, Kai, Xing and Cao, have been found in the handed down documents of Xixia, but there is no official script in Xixia. The writing of Chinese characters has evolved over a long period of time, and Xixia script is an imitation of the regular script strokes of Chinese characters. The seal script of Xixia script is also based on the imitation of Chinese character seal script, which has not evolved in use. The so-called "curved seal script" is a description of Xixia characters in Song Dynasty.
Forms of Chinese characters
Tiansheng changed the old new law, Xixia law book.
Homophonic monolingual dictionary
Wenhai, a monolingual dictionary
Wen hai za lei, monolingual dictionary
The pearl in the palm of the Han Dynasty is a bilingual dictionary of Xixia and Chinese.
Xia-Han Dictionary, edited by Li, China Social Sciences Press, 1st edition, 1997, 10, ISBN 7-5004-2113-3.
Important classics and reference books
The above two words: personal suffix "first person" and "second person".
Pronunciation is nga and nja；; They are homologous to the Chinese characters "Wu" (nga in Tibetan) and "Er" respectively.
The following two words: "dzji" and "wji"
It is homologous with Tibetan "eat" and "do"
model
Paper by the late Russian Xixia expert Ms. Ke Ping (in Russian and English)
Xixia model