Yinsu was born in the Forbidden City in Beijing on the tenth day of February in the twentieth year of Kangxi (March 29, 1681). He was the eighth son of Emperor Kangxi (the sixteenth son in natural order). His mother was Liangfei. The Wei family was the daughter of Abu Nai, a native of the Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria and the palace administrator of the fifth rank.
In the 39th year of Kangxi (1701), only two people were registered as concubines. One was the favored 17-year-old girl Guarjia, and the other was relatively late. The Wei family was old and beautiful, but the Dai Jia family, who gave birth to a prince earlier than her, was not canonized. In addition to being very popular with his father, this was because he was the youngest (only 17 years old) prince among the princes who received a title in the 37th year of Kangxi (1698). It was also related to the Wei family himself. According to "Records of the Qing Dynasty", she was soon promoted to a good concubine, becoming the youngest of the only five concubines of Xuanye at that time (excluding the noble concubine), and the last to give birth to a prince.
When Yinzhen was young, he was educated by his eldest brother Yinzhen's mother, Concubine Hui Nala, so he and Concubine Hui Nala were also very close. At the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, some of his mothers and concubines were allowed to live "with their children in their residence". Concubine Hui moved to the residence of Yinzhen because her own son, Yinzhen, had been imprisoned. Yinsu was smart and worldly-savvy since he was a child, and he developed a friendly and easy-going attitude toward others. The Qing Dynasty stipulated that princes should study in the study room from the age of six. Every day, they would study Confucianism taught by famous teachers in Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese and other languages, supplemented by martial arts such as horseback riding and archery. On June 10, the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1687), Kangxi conducted an assessment on the learning status of several elder brothers, including Yinhu who was just six years old. The third son of the emperor, Yinzhi, the fourth son of the emperor, Yinzhen, the seventh son of the emperor, Yinzhen, and the eighth son of the emperor, Yinzhu, came to Kangxi in order, and each read an article. But writing was his weakness. Because Kangxi was dissatisfied with his calligraphy, he ordered He Zhuo, a famous calligrapher at the time, to read for him and asked him to write ten calligraphy works every day.
In July of the 31st year of Kangxi (1692), he went hunting outside the Great Wall with his father and his brothers. According to the memory of missionary Zhang Cheng: "For a whole month, these young people The prince and the emperor were on horseback all day long. They carried quivers on their backs and held crossbows, sometimes galloping and sometimes reining in their horses. There was almost no day when each of them did not catch a few game items. "The eighth elder brother Yinhu is among them, and he will surely gain something from time to time."
Emperor Kangxi paid great attention to the riding and shooting skills of his princes, and the eighth prince Yinhu lived up to his father’s expectations and was good at riding and shooting. Yinhu helped test horses when he was only 13 years old (Emperor Kangxi accepted tribute horses) to distinguish the quality of the horses. Without superb riding skills, it is impossible to be qualified for this task. Another imperial edict from Kangxi to the crown prince during his second personal expedition mentioned that the eighth elder brother, the eldest elder brother, and the third elder brother hunted rabbits together. The youngest one shot almost as many rabbits as the eldest elder brother and the third elder brother. Shoot as many rabbits as you can.
Yinhu was very popular with his father in his early years. When Emperor Kangxi first ennobled the princes on the second day of March in the thirty-seventh year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1698), he, together with the fourth, fifth and seventh sons of the emperor, He was named Baylor and was the youngest at the time. After that, he was assigned by Kangxi many times to handle government affairs together with the third son of the emperor, Yinzhi, when he left the fortress. He also helped Prince Yu Fuquan manage Guangshan Treasury and rebuild Dongyue Temple. Yinsu is very kind and easy-going, considerate and meticulous in dealing with others, flexible and gentle, and does not stick to rules and status, so he has a lot of good karma. Not only did he have an unusual friendship with the emperor's ninth son Yinzhen, the emperor's tenth son Yinzhenwo, and the emperor's fourteenth son Yinzhen, he also had close friendships with many princes and courtiers. The various affairs assigned to him by Kangxi also gave him a certain opportunity to display his talents, and he was recognized by many ministers in the court. Emperor Kangxi's brother, Prince Yu Fuquan (died in the 42nd year of Kangxi), was praised in front of Kangxi because of Guangdong during his lifetime. Shanku matter praised the eighth elder brother for not being shy, smart, capable, virtuous and talented.
Yinhu was not only close to the nobles of the same clan, but also had an excellent reputation among the literati in the south of the Yangtze River. His student, He Zhuo, was a famous scholar, bibliophile, and calligrapher at that time. He studied under Qian Qianyi, Fang Bao and others. He was famous for his eight-part essay. In the 24th year of Kangxi's reign, he was appointed as a tribute student. However, because of his "natural nature" He offended the examiner because of his "outspokenness" and "often blaming people in person", and he failed to pass the test many times.
The important ministers of the DPRK, headed by Tong Guowei, Ma Qi, Aling'a, Orundai, Kuixu, Wang Hongxu, etc., jointly guaranteed Yinhu as the crown prince, which surprised Kangxi greatly. The next day, Kangxi summoned the kings and ministers again, and repeatedly said that he saw Empress Xiaozhuangwen and Empress Xiaochengren in their dreams with "very unhappy colors", which made them feel uneasy. After many days of treatment, the deposed prince Yinreng's madness was cured and his nature recovered. The implication can be restored. Emperor Kangxi was moved to speak with emotion and reason, and all the officials in the court dared not to obey. On November 16, Yinfeng was released. On the 28th, Kangxi restored the title of Baylor to Yinhu.
In the late first month of the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Kangxi's old affairs were brought up again. All the ministers who inquired unanimously recommended Yinhu as the crown prince, and heavily blamed Tong Guowei, Ma Qi and others. Kangxi rejected the execution of Ma Qi ordered by Prince Kang Chuntai and others, and instead handed him over to Yinhu for detention. On the ninth day of March, everything was prepared, and Yin Reng was re-established as the crown prince. Afterwards, Kangxi granted various titles to various scholars. Yinsu had previously been reinstated as Baylor. After this was abolished and re-established, the situation of the court changed. The power of the elder brothers has strengthened, while the prince's energy has weakened. The confrontation has become more and more obvious earlier, and the desire to seize the heir is rising.
On October 27, the fiftieth year of Kangxi (1711), Dutong Eshan, Shangshu Geng'e, Qi Shiwu, Deputy Dutong Wuli and others were all locked up, and the prince's party went from bad to worse. On November 20th of the same year, Yinzhu's mother Liangfei died. On September 30, the fifty-first year of Kangxi (1712), the crown prince Yinfeng was deposed again. Since then, Yinreng, who had been the prince for more than thirty years, had to endure the rest of his life in Xian'an Palace. After deposing the crown prince, the position in the East Palace was empty. The officials thought it was inappropriate and repeatedly advised Kangxi to establish a crown prince early, but Kangxi refused to comment. Two more years passed in this way, and in the 53rd year of Kangxi, another incident occurred that had a profound impact on the eighth prince, which made him unable to recover and completely eliminated the possibility of him seizing the crown prince's position.
On November 26, the fifty-third year of Kangxi (1714), Emperor Kangxi passed through Miyun County, Huayugou and other places on his way to Rehe for inspection. Yinsu was supposed to be accompanying him. However, because it was the third anniversary of the death of his mother, the good concubine, he went to pay homage to his mother. He did not go to greet her, but only sent an eunuch to Kangxi to explain the reason and said that he would wait for his father to return with him at Tangquan. Beijing. This was nothing, but the bad thing was that the eagle he asked the eunuch to give to Kangxi was found to be dying when he opened it. Kangxi was extremely angry, thinking that this was the eighth prince's curse on him, and immediately summoned the princes to come and blame Yinsi again. He also said: "From now on, the kindness between me and Yinzhu as father and son is endless." It is known as the "Eagle Killing Incident" in history.
On the 29th of the first lunar month in the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1715), Kangxi also stopped Yinhu and his official and deacon salaries. Yinsu fell seriously ill soon. Kangxi behaved very coldly. After Yinzhu recovered from his illness, Kangxi ordered that the suspended salary of silver and rice should be paid as before, and the relationship between father and son improved. Even though he was suppressed by Kangxi in this way, Yinhu still had high prestige among the courtiers. For example, Li Guangdi, a great scholar who was deeply trusted by Emperor Kangxi, still believed that among his princes, the Eighth Prince, in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (1717), Yinzhu is the most capable.
On March 12, the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1718), Jiuqing and others came to pay their respects in the name of the crown prince. Emperor Kangxi refuted it in a handwritten edict. On December 12, the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1718), General Fuyuan's 14th Prince Yinqi went on an expedition to the west. The ceremony of becoming a master is extremely solemn, with a yellow flag and a prince system, and he is called the general king. The main purpose of this Western Expedition was to eliminate Cewang Alabutan and his separatist forces. At that time, the former governor of Huguang and the general in charge of Xi'an, Eluent and his bodyguard Seleng, etc., marched from Qinghai to Lhasa and fought with Celing Dundobu in northern Tibet. After a fierce battle for a long time, the entire army was wiped out. Therefore, the appointment of General Fuyuan is not only related to reversing the curve of the war, but also involves the future security of the Qing Dynasty. Because the Junggar tribe controls Tibet, it is possible to use the Yellow Sect to incite various Mongolian tribes to break away from the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Kangxi must take it seriously and choose the person he trusts the most and thinks is the most capable to serve as a general and march on his behalf. In the end, Yinzhen and other princes were defeated, and the important task fell on Yinzhen's shoulders, which shows Kangxi's favor for him. At this time, Yinzhen became the most likely successor to the throne in people's minds.
Yinzhen and Yinzhen also fully supported Yinzhen in inheriting the throne. Yinzhen once said that Yinzhen was "unparalleled in intelligence" and "both talented and virtuous, and none of my brothers are as good as them", and he enthusiastically tried to manufacture military equipment for Yinzhen. During this period, Yinzhen and Yinzhen exchanged many letters. The relationship between Kangxi and his eighth prince also improved. According to the Records of the Qing Dynasty and the records of Yinhu's son Hongwang, Kangxi began to order Yinhu to follow the retinue and handle some government affairs from time to time, and to raise Hongwang in the palace.
On November 13, the 61st year of Kangxi (1722), Emperor Kangxi passed away. After an oral message from Longkoduo, Yinzhen succeeded to the throne as Emperor Yongzheng. For Yinsu, the most unfortunate moment in his life began here. Before Yongzheng officially ascended the throne, he ordered Yinsu and Yinxiang, Ma Qi and Longko to handle the affairs of the four prime ministers to show his favor. On December 11, he was granted the title of Prince Heshuolian, and his brother's name was changed from Yin to Yun, and Yinhu was changed to Yunhu. On December 13, the 61st year of Kangxi's reign (1722), he was awarded the title of Minister of the Lifan Academy, and on February 17 of the following year, he was ordered to handle the affairs of the Ministry of Industry. Even his colleague Guo Luoluo of Fujin had a very thorough understanding of the situation at that time.
In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Yongzheng dismissed all those who were close to Yinhu, isolated Yinhu, and repeatedly told his ministers not to repeat the habit of cliques, which can be said to be a shock to the mountain. Yinsu himself was punished many times. For example, on the fourth day of September in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Emperor Yongzheng elevated Emperor Kangxi and his four queens to the Imperial Ancestral Temple and set up a dressing room in front of Duanmen. It was a new system, so the paint smelled strong. Yongzheng was furious about this and ordered Prince Lian Yinhu, who was in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of Works, and the minister and doctor of the Ministry of Works to kneel in front of the Ancestral Temple all day and night. From the late first year to the second year of Yongzheng's reign, the war in Qinghai became intense, and Yongzheng put all his energy into foreign aggression. However, they still take precautions and reprimand Yinhu and others from time to time.
On May 20th of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Yongzheng issued an edict to rebuke Yinshu and his cronies, saying that Malqiha, Chang Ming, etc. were all people who had bad luck and caused chaos, and that they were Prince Lian Yinshu. of party members. On the second day of the eleventh month, because Yinhu was frugal in everything, Yongzheng ordered him to be deceitful. On November 13, because when Yinhu was managing the vassal court, he refused to provide money to Horqin Taiji and others who came to Beijing, Yinhu was reprimanded by Yongzheng again.
On February 14, the third year of Yongzheng's reign (1725), Yongzheng issued an edict accusing Yinsu of being selfish, gossiping about troubles, shaking the will of officials, and disrupting Yongzheng's policy. Yinhu also said that there were too many livestock and horses in Shangsiyuan and wanted to reduce them, and took other measures to reduce them. On the fifth day of the eleventh month of the same year, the clan government decided that Yinhu should be dismissed from the royal title and withdraw from his post. On December 21, each banner was ordered to send a number of horse soldiers to defend around Yinhu's mansion. He also sent four members of the Shangsanqi bodyguards every day to accompany Yinhu when he went in and out. The name was called accompanying, but it was actually a surveillance.
On the fifth day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yinzhu, Yinzhen, Sunu, Wuerzhan, etc. were stripped of their yellow belts and removed from the clan government. On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month, Yinzhu's wife was deported to "Fujin" and returned to her maternal home. On the seventh day of the second lunar month, Yinhu was imprisoned in the clan's mansion, surrounded by a high wall, and left with two eunuchs. On February 18th, Hongshi, the third son of the previous emperor, was offended by something and gave Yinhu as his son. On the fourth day of March, Yinzhu and Yinzhu were ordered to change their names. After being urged and forced several times, Xu was forced to change his name to "Aqina" and his son Hongwang to "Bodhisattva Bao". On May 17, Yongzheng summoned all the kings and ministers and issued a long edict, enumerating the crimes of Yinhu, Yinhuang, Yinhui and so on. On the first day of the sixth lunar month, Yongzheng announced the charges against Yinhu, Yinzhen, and Yinqi to the whole country. He discussed 40 charges against Yinhu, 28 charges against Yinhuang, and 14 charges against Yinqi. On the eighth day of September, Yinhu died in prison due to vomiting. People believed that they were poisoned.