Shang Lu was the only person who won the provincial examination in Ming Dynasty, and palace examination won the third prize. There is also a man named Huang Guan, who also won the third prize after having obtained the provincial examination. However, he was deprived of his reputation as the top scholar for offending Ming Chengzu.
Shang Lu:
The so-called "Sanyuan" is the first place of Xie Yuan, Huiyuan and palace examination. In the Ming Dynasty, Shang Lu was the only one who was "three yuan".
Shang Lu was born in Chun 'an, Zhejiang. His father is a county magistrate. When he was born, the county magistrate saw light in the "community" where officials lived. The next day, the magistrate asked them who had something recently, and Shang Lu's father told him that he had given birth to a son. The county magistrate was surprised and said to his father, "You should take good care of this child, and it will cost a lot of money in the future." .
In the tenth year of Ming Yingzong orthodoxy (1445), Lu Shang went to Beijing as Xie Yuan, Zhejiang Province to take part in the senior high school entrance examination and the imperial examination, and both won the first place. In fact, strictly speaking, Shang Lu is not a "triad". Xuande won yuan in ten years (1435), but failed in the senior high school entrance examination. When he took the exam again in Zheng Tong ten years later, he was no longer a "fresh graduate", and he was repeated once, ten years apart, so he was not a continuous "three yuan".
Shang Lu lived in the transition period from prosperity to decline in Ming Dynasty, and his life experience was very complicated.
First, he played a decisive role in the "rebellion". In August of the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, a "popular rebellion" shocked the ruling and opposition parties. The Ming court was in turmoil, and some advocated the war of resistance, like Yu Qian, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War; There are suggestions to move south, such as studying in Xu Youzhen; And those who stand by and watch and so on. People have different opinions. At this time, Lu Shang has just entered the cabinet to participate in the decision-making of imperial affairs. He is the main commander. Together with Yu Qian, he prevented people from moving south, and finally made the prison king determined to stick to the capital and resist foreign invasion.
Second, in the process of British restoration, he didn't flatter the powerful ministers. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), Emperor Taizong, who had been under house arrest for eight years, returned to the throne, and Yu Qian and other "backbones" of Jingtai Dynasty were investigated. But for Shang Lu, Yingzong relented, called him to the palace, comforted him, and ordered him to draft an imperial edict. Who knows, when drafting the imperial edict, Shi Heng was offended because he didn't write according to his meaning. Si Tong slandered Shang Lu in front of the emperor for colluding with imperial puppets. Yingzong believed it and ordered the arrest of Shang Lu. The eunuch Xing 'an interceded for Shang Lu in front of the emperor, which made the emperor even more angry. Xing' an was not afraid at all and said, "At the beginning, someone suggested moving south. If it weren't for Shang Lu and others, your majesty wouldn't know where it is now? " So the emperor released Shang Lu, but he was no longer allowed to be an official.
Third, distinguish between right and wrong, and strive to restore the name of the king's emperor. Shang Lu was demoted by the British emperor and stayed at home for more than ten years. In the third year of Chenghua (1467), the emperor called him to the capital and restored his official position. Later, Emperor Chenghua wanted to restore the title of Emperor Xi (restore the British Sect, abolish the title of Emperor Jingtai, and rename it King Xi), but there were voices in favor and against North Korea, which made Emperor Chenghua hesitate all the time. Shang Lu pushed his way through the crowd. He said that the king saved the court from danger in an extraordinary period, and the credit should be affirmed. It is reasonable to restore his name. Emperor Chenghua made up his mind. Restoring Wang was a great event in the political life of the Ming Dynasty, which affirmed He Yuqian's great contribution to the "National Revolution".
Fourth, not afraid of life and death, strongly condemn autocratic eunuchs. The West Factory was a spy organization added in the 13th year of Xianzong Chenghua, and its scale and power exceeded that of the East Factory established in Yongle. The "director" of West Factory is eunuch Wang Zhi. Lu Shang and other college students wrote letters to expose Wang Zhi's misconduct and suggested that the emperor investigate him as soon as possible, otherwise the security of the world might be doubted. The emperor was very angry and said, can a eunuch affect the safety of the world? Eunuch Wynn was severely questioned who was the mastermind.
Shang Lu said to Wynn, "courtiers are not big or small. If you think we are guilty, then arrest us all for questioning. " Wang Zhi raided Beijing officials with more than three products without authorization; Chase and Fu Xuan are border towns, and the garrison can't slack off for a moment. Wang Zhi arrested many people in one day; And Nanjing, the base of the imperial court. A minister stayed. Wang Zhi said, if we catch it, will the world be peaceful? "Wynn truthfully reported the news, but the emperor had no choice but to stop the West Factory.
Although Wang Zhi was dismissed, he was still favored by the emperor. He told the emperor that Shang Lu had been bought by others. Shang Lu felt very uncomfortable, and at this time, someone was singing a hymn for Wang Zhi, clamoring to restore the West Factory. In this case, Shang Lu felt that he had to resign. Perhaps Xianzong was dissatisfied with him for a long time and approved him to go home. After Shang Lu left, no one dared to stand up to Wang Zhi.
Shang Lu had nothing to do at home, and some "colleagues" came to visit him and his children and grandchildren. He couldn't help but sigh: "I have been an official with you for more than ten years, and I have never seen you kill anyone by mistake. This may be God's reward for you! "
In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), Shang Lu died at the age of 73. The emperor named him a teacher, Wen Yi, posthumous title. "History of the Ming Dynasty" originally praised: "I am a man, simple and heavy, generous and tolerant, and I can never take away anything important." People also have the praise of "I am a saint, business first". In the Ming Dynasty, Wei Zaode was probably the fastest-promoted champion: in the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), he was awarded the title of champion, and in the 15th year, he was promoted to the position of right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, a university student of Dongge, and joined the cabinet to assist the government. In less than three years, he suddenly rose from the sixth grade to the third grade. "Heroes are born in troubled times", which is beyond the reach of top scholars! It's a pity that Wei Zao-de has made no achievements for officials and academics. His existence and promotion can only accelerate the collapse of the empire and become an important witness to Emperor Chongzhen's mistakes in employing people.
Wei Zaode, a native of Tongzhou, Shuntian (now Beijing), was elected as the top scholar by the emperor because of his eloquence in the 13th year of the imperial examination in Chongzhen. The question the emperor asked at that time was: What are your solutions to the current domestic and diplomatic difficulties? Wei replied, "Shame." In the next two years, it was because of his careless mouth that he answered the emperor's questions many times, so Chongzhen thought that Wei Zaode must be ambitious and promoted him.
By the time Wei Zaode was appointed as the records, the Ming Dynasty was already in turmoil. And this eloquent proté gé of the son of heaven is a fool, as if he were a different person and likes silence. A typical example is that in March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng of Enemy at the Gates put forward a request for peace talks, on the condition that he would cede territory to the northwest and claim the title of king, and the army would not be controlled by the imperial court. However, he abandoned the siege of Beijing and retreated to Henan, so that Qiang Bing could resist the Qing soldiers and quell civil strife. Although this condition violates the important principles of the monarch and his subjects, it is a good opportunity to ease the situation. Chongzhen reached the end of his tether and was moved. He asked Wei Zaode for advice. At this time, even if Wei Zaode showed a little positive attitude, the history of the Ming Dynasty might be rewritten, but Wei Zaode did not want to take responsibility. Under the repeated inquiries of Chongzhen, he remained silent and did not dare to express his position. Chongzhen, who has always been headstrong, just likes to be indecisive at this juncture. Because he didn't get the support of the records, he couldn't make up his mind and finally gave up the peace talks, giving the dynasty a chance to breathe. Therefore, the Ming History says that "Zhao De occupies a place and has nothing to build, while the initiative only makes hundreds of officials donate". The emperor asked, but couldn't say it. He just suggested that the court order the courtiers to donate money. Which is the record?
The capital fell and a large number of people died, such as Shang Fan of the Ministry of Industry, but Wei Zaode, our leader, surrendered to Li Zicheng. However, in the peasant army, he did not receive preferential treatment. Li Zicheng asked him why he didn't die. The once "shameful" champion replied: "I am preparing to play for the new dynasty. How dare I die?" Li Zicheng's general Liu Zongmin accused him of being a recorder and making mistakes in his country. Wei Zaode defended himself: "I was a scholar, I knew nothing about politics, and Chongzhen had no choice, so I died." Liu Zongmin was furious and said, You went from being a scholar to a top scholar, and you became a prime minister in less than three years. I'm sorry about Chongzhen, but you vilified him. After that, he was ordered to hit him dozens of times in the mouth. At that time, the peasant army also forced the surrendered Ming officials to pay money, and Wei Zaode was no exception. And he is a cabinet minister, and his salary is no less than100000. Under torture, Wei Zaode took out 10,000 gold, but when he offered to donate money to courtiers, he only took out 100 gold.
Liu Zongmin suspected that Wei Zaode paid too little money, but he still kept him. Five days later, Wei Zaode died of a split brain. The peasant army arrested his son again and continued to ask for money. His son said there was nothing at home. If his father were still alive, he might be able to raise some money through his close party member and students. Now that he is dead, where can he get it?
No money, no money to kill! His son was also killed by the peasant army.
Wei Zaode was the penultimate scholar in Ming Dynasty. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty held the last imperial examination, and the winner was named Yang Tingjian, who was appointed as Professor Fu Xue of Songjiang. Unfortunately, perhaps the official position is too small. In Biography of the Qing Dynasty, this man didn't even mix with a "second minister", so he was a mediocre man! "The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves are heroes. Success or failure turns empty: the green hills are still there, and the sunset is a few degrees red. The white-haired hermit by the river has long been used to the changes of time. A pot of turbid wine is happy to meet: how many things have been talked about in ancient and modern times. "
Everyone will be familiar with this poem by Lin Jiangxian. At the beginning of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, people may think that this poem was written by Luo Guanzhong, but it is not. It is the work of Yang Shen, a writer in Ming Dynasty, and it is the opening word of the third paragraph of his Poem History in the 21st Century. In the early Qing Dynasty, when Maureen and Mao Zonggang re-examined The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, they added this word to the head of the novel.
Yang Shen, a native of Xindu, Sichuan, was the first scholar of Zheng De in six years. Legend has it that he won the first prize in the last session, but because of a fire, his test paper was burned, and there was no "report card" and he was replaced by Lu Wei. But Yang Shen is a talent after all. He was unlucky this year and won the first prize in the next exam. At the age of 24, he is really high-spirited. Yang Shen's father and grandfather were both scholars, and they could write poems at the age of eleven. At the age of twelve, he imitated the ancients to write "Ancient Battlefield" and "On Qin". With such talent, it can be ruled out that Yang Shen is the champion in the father relationship.
In the third year of Jiajing (1524), Yang Shen's father, Yang Tinghe, a university student, resigned from his post and went home because of a "great gift". Later, Yang Shen continued to struggle as a writer. The so-called big gift means that in the sixteenth year of Zheng De, Wu Zong died childless, and his cousin succeeded to the throne, that is, the later Jiajing Emperor Ming Shizong. Shortly after Jiajing ascended the throne, he wanted to honor his biological father and offer the king as emperor. Yang Tinghe, a college student, and Mao Cheng, an official of the Ministry of Rites, all think that reunification is illegal. We should call our father Xiaozong "Imperial Examination" and his biological father Xing "Imperial Examination". At the same time, some people, such as Gui Calyx and Zhang Cong, pandered to the emperor, claiming that Xing Xian Di was called "Imperial Examination". The two sides fought fiercely, and Yang Tinghe was forced to resign in Jiajing for three years. Later, Sejong honored his biological father and mother as "Emperor Kao Gong Ma Xian" and "Empress Dowager". Later, he adopted Zhang and Gui Yan and changed "Bensheng" to the national title. More than 200 courtiers knelt in front of Zuo Shun to fight for it. Sejong was furious, imprisoned more than 100 people and killed more than 10 people. This is a "great gift" that has a great influence on the politics of Jiajing Dynasty. Yang Shen, then a bachelor of Hanlin, led the courtiers to kneel at the palace gate, was flogged and sent to Yongchangwei (now Baoshan) in Yunnan.
Yang Shen stayed in Yunnan for more than 30 years until he died at the age of 72, during which he returned to Sichuan because of his father's illness. At the age of seventy, he wanted to return to his roots, but before he got home, he was arrested again and died in the garrison.
Yang Shen's exile in Yunnan is a period when his literary creation shines brilliantly. Homesickness is the theme in his more than 2000 poems. On his deathbed, he wrote a poem "Feeling sick on June 14th": "Seventy years later, I am old, and it is clear that the law allows me to retire. Returning to Hugh became Ba Jiang Cuo and returning to Yunnan as a prisoner ... "It was touching to express his regret that he could not return to China.
"History of the Ming Dynasty" originally said that Yang Shen: "Ming should remember what he knows, and his works are rich, so he should be cautious first. In addition to poetry, there are more than 100 kinds of miscellaneous works, which are in parallel with the world. " Emperor Jiajing died, Qin Long (Mu Zong) succeeded to the throne, and Yang Shen was rehabilitated. He was posthumously awarded as Shao Qing of Guanglu Temple, and was buried in Wenxian County during the apocalypse. This is also a comfort to him in the spirit of heaven!
Huang Guan: Huang Guan's Calligraphy Works
Huang Guan (1364— 1402), also known as Rambo and Shang Bin, was born in Jindun, Qingjiang, Guichi County, Anhui Province. Huang Yuan's great-grandson is a proofreader of Xiadun, Qingpu, Huangshi, Putian. Sean's great-grandson is a Confucian scholar; Huang Zhang's great-grandson is Gong Shengren; Huang Jiazi is a scholar. Because he borrowed money from Chizhou, his family was poor and unable to pay back. His father Huang Gufu lived in the Xu family in Guichi Shangqing Stream, so he took Xu as his surname.
In the 23rd year of Ming Hongwu (1390), Huang Guan paid tribute to imperial academy. In August of the same year, I took the provincial exam in Nanjing and got an answer in the exam. The next year, I took the exam and got an answer in the exam. That year, Huang took an entrance examination of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor. Strategically, he strongly advocated that "stationing troops in traffic jams, ploughing and guarding, refusing when coming, preventing when going, disturbing China and endangering the border." Thus won the appreciation of Zhu Yuanzhang, with the first place in palace examination (No.1 scholar), awarded the Hanlin Academy for revision. He was the first person to "connect the three elements" in the history of the Ming Dynasty.
Learning from an early age is diligent and rigorous, paying attention to the theory of the times and not superficial. From scholar to scholar, he won the first place in six subjects (county examination, government examination, academy examination, township examination, general examination and palace examination). At that time, people praised him as "three yuan in the world and six in the world."
In the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), Huang Guan was promoted to right assistant minister of does. With the permission of the court, the surname was restored.
In the first year of Jian 'an (1399), Zhu Yunwen, Ming Taizu changed the old system, and Huang Guan served as the right assistant, taking part in the important state memorial. At that time, Judy, the prince of Yan, relied on her uncle and was arrogant. He didn't worship Hui Di when he entered Korea. The ministers were afraid of their power and kept their mouths shut, but Huang Guan refuted Judy face to face and said: "The tiger worships the sky, and the ceremony of the monarch and the minister is in the temple; The dragon's face fell to the ground, and the love of an uncle in the palace caused Judy's resentment.
In the fourth year of his reign, Judy, known as "Jingnan" in the name of attacking Jitai (given the name) and Huang Zicheng, set out to attack Beiping House (now Beijing) and reached Nanjing, and published the list of "Civil Treacherous Courtiers". Huang Guan ranked sixth. At the same time, Huang Guan urged all localities to go to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River for assistance. When the ship sailed to Luo Cha Rocky in the lower reaches of Anqing, he learned that Hui Di was dead and the Prince acceded to the throne. He knew that the tide had ebbed, but he jumped into the river.
After his death, his anger still exists. Nine families of Huang were punished, relatives and friends were imprisoned, and 100 people were detained. In the 24th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1596), Huang Guan began to retaliate and make up for "Wen Zhen". Build the "Huanggong Temple" in Shangqing Stream, Guichi, the former residence of Huang Guan, and rebuild the Champion Square in the county; At the end of Qing Dynasty, Huanggong Temple of Golden Wharf was built on Qinhuai River in Nanjing. According to the genealogy of Huang Guan in the Golden Shield Qingjiang River, Huang Guan's tomb discovered in Cuiping Mountain is a tomb of Huang Guan.