"Romance of the Three Kingdoms": Luo Guanzhong
"Water Margin": Shi Naian
"Journey to the West": Wu Chengen
"A Dream of Red Mansions" 》: Cao Xueqin, Gao E
Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400)
Luo Guanzhong was a novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. He was said to be from Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) or Luling, a native of Taiyuan. People (today's Ji'an, Jiangxi). Based on historical records and folk stories, he wrote a long historical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" about the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. The book has created a group of popular typical characters,
Shi Naian
(1296～1371)
Ming Zian (one name is Ming Er), and The name is Zhaorui, the courtesy name is Yanduan, and the nickname is Naian.
Birthplace: Originally from Suzhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Changmen, and later moved to Baijuchang, Hailing County at that time (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
Identity: A famous writer in ancient China, born in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and the author of the long classical novel "Water Margin".
Life:
There is very little information about Shi Naian's life and deeds, and some of the records collected are also quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some materials related to Shi Naian have been discovered in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in present-day Jiangsu Province, including the "Shi Family Genealogy", "Shi Family Genealogy", etc., and others The addendum to volume 13 of "Xinghua County Chronicles" contains one "Biography of Shi Naian", and the addendum to volume 14 contains one "Epitaph of Shi Naian" written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.
According to the analysis of these materials:
Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two descendants of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhichang made their home in Suzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. His father's name was Yuande, who was a boatman, and his mother was the Bian family (descendants of the Bian family also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province today).
Shi Naian was smart, studious, talented, filial, and righteous since he was a child.
He was a scholar at the age of 19, a scholar at the age of 28, and a Jinshi at the age of 36 with Liu Bowen.
Wu Chengen (1500-1582), whose courtesy name was Ruzhong and whose nickname was Sheyangshan, was from Shanyang County, Huai'an Prefecture (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province).
Wu Chengen was born into a family that was reduced from a low-level official to a small businessman. His father Wu Rui had an optimistic and open-minded personality and pursued the Changle philosophy. He named him Chengen, with the courtesy name Ruzhong, meaning that he hoped he could study. Be an official, inherit the emperor's grace, benefit the people, and be a loyal minister who will leave a name in history. Wu Chengen was diligent and studious when he was a child. He could read ten lines at a glance and recite what he saw. He is good at painting and calligraphy. He likes to write lyrics and music. He is also proficient in Go. He also likes to collect calligraphy and painting stickers of famous people. When he was a boy, he became famous in his hometown for his outstanding literary talent. He was appreciated by people, who thought that he passed the imperial examination, "like picking up a piece of mustard". "Huai'an Prefecture Chronicles" records that he is "sensitive and intelligent, and he is well-versed in books, and he is the author of poems and essays." In addition to being eager to learn, he especially likes to search for strange things and hunt monsters, and he likes to watch gods, ghosts, lemurs, monsters, and monkey spirits. books. Novels and unofficial histories such as "The Record of Hundreds of Strangers" and "Youyang Zazu", as well as these colorful mythological worlds, have subconsciously developed a hobby of searching for strange things. As we grow older, this hobby Unabated. This had a significant influence on his creation of "Journey to the West". After the age of 30, he had already "filled his chest" with the anecdotes he was searching for, and he had plans to create. When he was about 50 years old, he wrote the first dozen chapters of "Journey to the West", but then he interrupted it for many years. It was not until he resigned and returned to his hometown in his later years that he was able to finally complete the creation of "Journey to the West".
For example, the resourceful Zhuge Liang, the brave and rugged Zhang Fei, the witty and competitive Zhou Yu, etc. Although the content is not entirely consistent with historical facts, it is very vivid and attractive as a literary work. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a masterpiece of Chinese classical novels and has been widely circulated.
Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400), named Guanzhong, also known as Huhai Sanren. A famous novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, he was the originator of Chinese chapter novels. He wrote quite a lot throughout his life, and his main works include: the plays "Chao Taizu's Dragon and Tiger Meeting", "The Loyal and Dutiful Son's Continuous Admonitions", "Sanping Zhang Die Cries Fei Hu Zi"; the novels "The Chronicles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "The Romance of the Remaining Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties" ", "The Legend of Sansui Pingyao", "Fengzhuanglou", "Water Margin" co-authored with Shi Naian, the representative work "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc.
Cao Xueqin (1724-1764), Qing Dynasty novelist. The name is Zhan, the courtesy name is Meng Ruan, the nickname is Xueqin, and also the names are Qinxi and Qinpu. His ancestral home is Fengrun County, Hebei Province.
In the early Qing Dynasty, he entered the Zhengbai Banner in Manchuria. He was born in Nanjing.
Cao Xueqin lives in a big bureaucratic landlord family with a "hundred-year-old family". Starting from his great-grandfather, Jiangning weaving has been hereditary for 60 years for three generations. Grandfather Cao Yin served as Kangxi's "attendant", and his great-grandmother was Kangxi's wet nurse. The Cao family had a very close relationship with the royal family. When he was a boy, he was a "dandy in rich clothes", "satisfied and fat", and lived a luxurious life like a rich man. In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), his father Cao Fu was implicated in his affairs and was dismissed from his post and his family was confiscated. Since then, the family's power and property have been lost. His family moved frequently and his life was extremely unstable. Sometimes he had to seek help from relatives and friends to make ends meet. He was often discriminated against and humiliated. Having experienced the vicissitudes of life from being a poor man to a poor man who "eats porridge with the whole family" gave him a personal experience of the declining fate of the feudal ruling class and a comprehensive and profound understanding of the darkness and evil in society< /p>
Gao E
Birth and death years: about 1738-about 1815, a writer in the Qing Dynasty. The other word is Lanshu, and the other word is Yunshi. Because of his passion for the novel "Dream of Red Mansions", he was nicknamed "The Outsider's History of Red Mansions". A member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Xianghuang Banner of the Han Army. His ancestral home is Tieling (now part of Liaoning), and his ancestors lived in Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty. When I was young, I loved traveling. I once went to the foreign classroom in middle age. He is familiar with classics and history, works in eight-legged prose, and is also proficient in poetry, novels, operas, paintings, and epigraphy. In the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, the poetry style was close to that of the Huajian School, and the thesis stated that "words must be based on their roots, and cultivation must be based on sincerity", emphasizing the main meaning. He was keen on advancing as an official, but failed in repeated examinations. In the fifty-third year of Qianlong's reign (1788), he became an examiner in the Shuntian Township Examination. Jinshi in sixty years. The secretary of the official cabinet and the minister of the cabinet read. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), he was the same examiner of Shuntian Township Examination. In the fourteenth year, the imperial censor of Jiangnan Province was selected by the attendant. In the eighteenth year, he was promoted to the Criminal Division and given to Shi Zhong. During his tenure, he was known for his "strict conduct, diligence in political affairs, and talent." In his later years, his family was poor and his official position was cold, and his sleeves were full of breeze. Therefore, although there are numerous works, many of them failed to reach the end of their time before they were published.