Interpretation of historical celebrities with the surname Mi from hundreds of families. A brief introduction to Mi Fu's life and his unique style of landscape paintings. The surname Mi is a surname of many ethnic groups and origins. The contemporary Han population with the surname Mi is about 430,000, making it the 210th most common surname, accounting for about 0.035 of the country's population.
Name of Mi: Mi Fu
Mi Fu (1051-1107), first named Fu Mi Fu, later changed to Fu, with the character Yuanzhang, and signed his name as Mi or Qian. At that time, he was known as Haiyue Waishi, also known as the descendant of Wan Xiong and the descendant of Huozheng. He was a calligrapher, painter, and theorist of calligraphy and painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with Cai Xiang, Su Shi, and Huang Tingjian, he was known as the "Four Schools of Song Dynasty". He once served as school secretary, doctor of calligraphy and painting, and wailang of the Ministry of Etiquette. His ancestral home was Shanxi, but he moved to Xiangyang, Hubei, and later settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu)[3]. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and has a unique style of calligraphy and painting. He founded "Midian Landscape". He is a calligrapher, painter, connoisseur and collector. He has a weird personality and crazy behavior. He calls him "brother" when he meets a stone, and he worships him endlessly, so he is called "Mi Dian". Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty awarded him a doctorate in calligraphy and painting, also known as "Mi Xiangyang" and "Mi Nangong".
Mi Fu's calligraphy and painting is unique in his style, with dead wood, bamboo and stone, and landscape paintings having unique style and characteristics. He is also very accomplished in calligraphy, and is good at seal, official, regular, running, cursive and other calligraphy styles. He is good at copying ancient calligraphy to the point of imitating the authenticity. His main works include "Poems of Duojinglou", "Poems of Hongxian County", "Inscriptions on Yanshan Mountain", "Inscription of Worship to Zhongyue", etc.
Biography of the character
In the third year of Xinmao (1051), the third year of Emperor Renzong's reign in Song Dynasty, Mi Fu was born. Mi Fu started learning calligraphy when he was seven or eight years old. His first teacher was Luo Rang, a calligrapher from Xiangyang.
In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign (1060), the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Mi Fu was ten years old. He wrote inscriptions on inscriptions, which were copied from Zhou Yue's and Su Shi's calligraphy. People say he has Li Yong's writing style.
In the fourth year of Song Zhiping (1067), Mi Fu left his hometown with his mother Yan and came to Bianliang, Kyoto, to serve Queen Yingzong Gao.
In the sixth year of Zhiping (1069), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Because he did not forget the old relationship between Mi Fu's mother, Yan, when she was a nurse, he gave Mi Fu the title of Secretary Provincial School Zilang, who was responsible for proofreading and correcting errors at that time.
In the third year of Gengxu (1070), the third year of Xining, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he was changed from Secretary Provincial School Secretary Lang to Lin Guiwei. In October of Yimao (1075), the eighth year of Shenzong Xining's reign, he was appointed as the captain of Lingui County and Hanguang County in the first half of the year. After October, he was appointed as Changsha until Renxu (1082), the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty.
In March of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Mi Fu came to Huangzhou to visit Su Shi. "Mi Fu, Dong Yue, Mianzhu Taoist Yang Shichang and others visited Xuetang." In this year, Mi Fu devoted himself to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Taking the Jin people's calligraphy style as his guide, he searched for many Jin people's Dharma texts, and even named his study "" Bao Jin Zhai". The "Mid-Autumn Tie" written by Wang Xianzhi today is said to be his copy, and it is extremely exquisite in form and spirit. Mi Fu became a master of Yiduo during his lifetime, which is also recorded in his "Autobiography" written in his later years. Mi Fu is famous for his calligraphy, and his achievements come entirely from hard work. Mi Fu visited the pond every day. Historical records record: "If you don't write for a day, you will feel dull, thinking that the ancients never used up writing." When it comes to Zhong (Yao) and Suo (Jing), I can always encourage him. "Mi Fu is very serious in writing, and he said: "I wrote the introduction of "Hai Dai Poems" to Mi Fu three or four times, and there was a word or two in between. "It's also difficult to write letters."
Yichou, the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), was appointed as an official in Hangzhou.
In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), the first year of Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi was appointed magistrate of Dengzhou in June. He was recalled to the capital as a doctor of the Ministry of Rites in October, and arrived in Beijing on December 20th.
In the second year of Yuanyou (1087), Dantu moved to Zhenjiang. Mi Fu's poem "Three Tang Dynasty Copyings with Titles to Honor Model Bridewives", Su Shi and other sixteen people gathered at Wang Jinqing's Xiyuan Yan in June or July. Li Boshi painted "Pictures of the Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden" and Mi Fu wrote "Picture Notes of the Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden".
In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), Mi Fu was in Yangzhou. Su Shi, who was fifty-four years old at the time, left Beijing in April, went to Yangzhou to visit Mi Fu in June, and arrived in Hangzhou on July 3. Volume 75 of "The Complete Works of Dongpo" contains the poem "Mi Fu Shi Zhongshan Inkstone".
In the seventh year of Renshen (1092) of Yuanyou, he was appointed as the magistrate of Yongqiu County.
In the ninth year of Yuanyou (commonly known as the first year of Shaosheng, 1094), the county magistrate of Yongqiu was transferred to Zhongyue Temple (Songshan).
In Ding Chou (1097), the fourth year of Shaosheng reign of Zhezong of Song Dynasty, he served as Lianshui military envoy.
In the second year of Yimao (1099) of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Lianshui military envoy was transferred to Caihe for transportation.
In the first year of the founding of the Jingguo period (1101) by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he served as an official in the shipping department between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. In the same year, Su Shi fell ill, and Mi Fu visited him many times and sent "Ophiomendong Yinzi" to Beisha Dongyuan. There is a poem written by Dongpo "When I woke up from bed, I heard that Mi Yuanzhang went to the East Garden to give meendong drinks when he was feeling hot". During the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, Su Shi passed away, and Mi Fu composed five "Elegies of Su Dongpo".
In the second year of Chongning (1103), he was appointed as Dr. Taichang and Doctor of Calligraphy.
In mid-spring of the Jiashen year of the third year of Chongning (1104), he was appointed as a doctor of calligraphy and later as the magistrate of Wuwei army.
In the fifth year of Chongning (1106), he was a doctor of calligraphy and painting and a member of the Ministry of Rites.
In March of Dinghai (1107), the first year of Daguan, he was appointed as the military magistrate of Huaiyang. He later died in office and was buried at the foot of Changshan Mountain southwest of Dantu in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu).
Achievements in calligraphy
Style characteristics
Mi Fuping studied calligraphy the most, and his greatest achievements were in running script. Among the famous calligraphies since the Southern Song Dynasty, most of them are engraved with his calligraphy. They are widely circulated and have far-reaching influence. Among the "four major calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty", they are second to none. Kang Youwei once said: "The structure of Tang language is more important than the interest of Song Dynasty." This means that calligraphers in the Song Dynasty paid attention to interest and personality, and Mi Fu was particularly outstanding in this aspect.
Mi Fu studied calligraphy and called himself a "collector of ancient characters". Although some people thought it was a joke, some praised him and said, "There is no need to boast about the beauty of the world, but he can eventually stand on his own by collecting ancient characters" (Wang Wenzhi). This explains to a certain extent the reason for the success of Mie's calligraphy. According to Mi Fu's self-report, before studying Jin calligraphy from Su Dongpo, it can be roughly seen that he was most influenced by five Tang people: Yan Zhenqing, Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, Shen Chuanshi, and Duan Jizhan.