Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Yuan Zhao Mengfu were the four masters of regular script in Tang Dynasty.
First of all, calligraphy was in its heyday in the Tang Dynasty. When it comes to regular script, words must be called Yu, Ou, Chu and Yan. Yan Zhenqing is one of the great calligraphers with the most innovative spirit. Yan Zhenqing (709-785) was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). He comes from a noble family and is the fifth grandson of Yan Shigu, a famous scholar. Yan Zhenqing is honest and clean, and is famous for his loyalty and loyalty in officialdom. He used to be a veteran of the four dynasties, and his career was ups and downs, and he didn't care. Later, I was ordered to recruit me from Huaixi to make Li Xilie and Li Xilie rebel and was killed by Li.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy originated from his own school, but its transformation was initiated by Wu Xu. Because he can choose one hundred schools at the same time, he can choose freely, leaving a lot of books and posts to show his skills. When Fan Wenlan, a historian, mentioned books in the Tang Dynasty in his works, he said that "Yan Zhenqing in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty was the creator of the new book style in the Tang Dynasty". Yan kaishu embodies a prosperous style and is magnificent; And his cursive script made Mi Fei in the Song Dynasty like the Four Books, because those book posts were often written in a state of extreme grief and indignation, and readers can appreciate the flavor from this article. Emotion is dissolved in art, and artistic talent breeds soul. Most excellent arts in history have not violated this standard.
Yan Zhenqing, a genius in the book world. For thousands of years, only Yan can be compared with Wang Xizhi, the sage of books, and stride forward in the world of books. Of course, Yan Zhenqing was crowned as the crown in the Tang Dynasty, and Yan Shu was also regarded as the grand marshal in the Song Dynasty. Since then, Yan Zhenqing's book soul has formed a huge force and accumulated into an important part of China's book soul. "The Biography of Yan Zhenqing in the New Tang Dynasty" praised: "Although it has been 1,500 years, its heroic words are awesome and admirable!" The heroic life of the sun and the moon is an inexhaustible source of watering his wonderful calligraphy.
Second: Liu Gongquan, who was 88 years old in the 13th year of Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 778) and the 6th year of Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (AD 865). Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) was born. The palace is a prince, so the deceased called it "Liu". He began to learn from Wang Xizhi, the brushwork of Ou Yangxun and Yan Zhenqing, and then set up his own family. The regular script written is beautiful and strong. Compared with Yan Ti, Liuzi is slightly thinner, so it is called "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Mu Zong asked Liu Gongquan how to use a pen, and Gong Quan replied: "Use a pen in your heart, and your mind is right." "Mu Gong changed his face and remonstrated with his pen. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Zai said: "The public power official book has the best operation mode, but the grass can't. "Its method is based on beauty, but it is rich and famous in the world." He began to learn Wang Xizhi's brushwork, and later read the modern calligraphy, so he tried his best to change the right army method, learn from Yan Zhenqing, and assimilate his new ideas, so that his calligraphy avoided the tendency of horizontal and vertical, adopted a balanced and thin and hard approach, and steadily chased Wei Bei, making his brushwork simply beautiful, vigorous and tight. Many scholars in later generations took Liu Zi as a model.
He was a 29-year-old scholar and served as a junior official in the local area. Later, Tang Muzong came across his handwriting. Once called to Chang 'an by the imperial court. Liu Gongquan was in his forties at that time. His character is both backbone and meticulous. Similarly, his handwriting also reveals this part of his characteristics. Because of this, his reputation and position in Chang 'an have been improved, and the general princes and nobles are scrambling to invite him with huge sums of money.
Calligraphy in the late Tang Dynasty experienced prosperity in the middle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but it also reached its peak and declined. Although Liu Gongquan's fame was popular for a while, he was still slightly better than Yan Shu. Calligraphy flourished in the Tang Dynasty, but now it has declined. Liu Gongquan's regular script involves Ou Yangxun's brushwork, and some strokes are often closely interspersed, which is particularly broad, fine and angular. Although the pen was written by Yan Zhenqing, it is different from Yan Zhenqing's vigorous and broad style, which is particularly heroic.
Liu Gongquan died at the age of eighty. He served seven emperors and finally died as the Prince of Shao Shi.
There are many books handed down from ancient times, among which Mysterious Tower, Shence Army Monument and Diamond Sutra are the most prominent.
1, Monument to the Shence Army: in regular script, established in the third year of Tang Huichang (AD 843). It is one of Liu Gongquan's representative works, which is more distinctive than the book style of Mysterious Tower, which is widely known in later generations. The structure is smooth and even, and the left side is tight and the right side is comfortable. It is also a good model for temporary writing.
2. The Diamond Sutra of Liu Shu: in regular script, in the reign of Tang Changqing (AD 824), engraved in April. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. Tang Tuo, a stone chamber in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was handed down from generation to generation, intact, and is now in the Paris Museum, France. Critics believe that the regular script Diamond Sutra is a masterpiece of Zhong (Yao), Wang (Xizhi), Ou (), Yu (Heather), Chu (Sui Liang) and Lu (Dong Zhi), which has high artistic value.
3. "Mysterious Pagoda": regular script. The first year of Tang Huichang (AD 84 1 year) was established in February, and the original monument is now Xi 'an stele forest in Shaanxi. This monument is the most famous book handed down from generation to generation. It is one of the most influential models in regular script.
On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), Wang Xizhi and some scholars living in Yin Shan came to Lanting to hold a "tomb-repairing" ceremony, and everyone improvised many poems. Preface to Lanting is a preface written by Wang Xizhi for this poem. The Preface was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi believed by the southern gentry at that time and occupied a certain position in the history of literature. The full text has 28 lines and 324 words, and its composition, structure and brushwork are all perfect. Wang Xizhi's running script was unique at that time, and later generations commented that "the font of the right army has changed." Its heroic spirit is natural, so it is considered as a model from ancient times to the present. Calligraphers of all ages called the Preface to Lanting the best running script in the world.
There are all kinds of anecdotes about Preface to Lanting. It is said that after Wang Xizhi finished writing, he was very satisfied with his work. He has rewritten several articles, but he failed to reach this level, so he left it as a family heirloom for future generations. Later, it fell into the hands of Emperor Taizong, who appreciated Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and ordered Zhao Mo, Feng Chengsu and others to carefully copy it. He likes to give copies or rubbings of these stone carvings to some royal families and minions, so the copies of this "inferior original" were also "expensive in Luoyang" at that time. In addition, there are Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang, Yu Shinan and other famous hands handed down from ancient times, and the original works are said to have been handed down to the world as sacrificial objects.
Today's so-called "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion", in addition to several copies of the Tang Dynasty, stone rubbings are also extremely precious. The most legendary is Song Tuoding's Preface to Wu Lanting. Both manuscripts and rubbings are quite convincing for the study of Wang Xizhi, and they are also extremely valuable materials for the study of calligraphy in past dynasties. In China's calligraphy classics, there are countless materials about Preface to Lanting.
Whether the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion was written by Wang Xizhi has always been controversial, and there was a fierce public opinion in the late Qing Dynasty and 1960s.
Xue Ji (649 ~ 7 13) was a painter and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty in China. Word Stone, Zhou Pu Fenyin (now Wanrong County, Shaanxi Province) people. Zong Rui was an assistant minister of Huangmen at that time, and participated in the maintenance of locomotives. He passed the official rank of Prince Shao Bao and the history of the Ministry of Rites. The world calls it "Xue Shaobao". Later, he was sentenced to death and imprisonment for predicting that Dou Huaizhen murdered Xuanzong. Xue Ji is engaged in calligraphy, and his grandfather Wei Shou has a lot of calligraphy and painting. Yukime benefited a lot from careful observation and research. He was particularly keen on learning Chu Suiliang's calligraphy and ink, and forgot to get tired in poor years. At that time, there was a saying that "buying the first snow without losing the festival", but it was also very novel, so it became a family. Together with Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun and Chu Suiliang, they are called the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty.
His books are thin and difficult to practice, beautiful and flying. Zhang Huaiguan said: "Learning from books is a great success, and you are beautiful and charming, and your flesh is half that of a teacher. It can be said that he was the tallest in Henan, and he was very precious at that time. " General manager Lu said, "Xue, calligraphy is like the wind, flowers shake the garden, and snow stirs mountains and cypresses." The Postscript of Guang Chuan also said: "Learning notes are well prepared for the legacy of Europe, Henan, Chu and Shandong, so they can be based on the law. But he inherited the blood and was close to Chu. As for using a pen to make the words thin and clear, it is another one. "
Xue Ji's calligraphy is rarely circulated, and the overall characteristics of his calligraphy can be seen in Xin Xing's Monument to the Zen Master.
Yan Zhenqing (709-785) was the most famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. His calligraphy attainments are not only reflected in regular script, but also in running script. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and painting are flat and vertical, with wide strokes, and there is a solemn and magnificent character style between the lines, while his cursive script is smart and vigorous. Known as "the second running script in the world", Ink of Sacrificial Manuscript is the representative work of Yan Zhenqing's running script. This is a commemorative manuscript. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled, and Zhucheng in Hebei fell. Only Yan Zhenqing defended Pingyuan City with righteous soldiers. His cousin Yan Gaoqing also rose up in Changshan and became Gao Qing's son, Zhenqing. Ji Ming is connected with the plain and Changshan Mountain, which was destroyed by Shi Siming in the first year of Zhide (756). Gao Qing and Ji Ming were captured and killed. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Yan Zhenqing ordered his nephew (the younger brother of Ji Ming) to pay homage to Changshan. Yan Zhenqing wrote this "Sacrifice Draft" under the condition of extreme inner pain and indignation. In fact, some factors refer to the content. Of course, when Yan Zhenqing wrote this eulogy, he didn't write it as a work. The so-called "intention is not in the book", so the work can reach the natural state of "not seeking Yoga Yu's good, but seeking the good work". Try to see the whole work, stippling flying, thick and rich, pale and vigorous. This manuscript is a grass ear. The so-called people who get something for nothing, their loyalty is really painful, and Uncle Yu will never die. "This work can be described as bookish, and the words are precious because of people. It is a miracle that it has been cherished by the world with the help of God and passed down to this day. Investigate its reason, this manuscript has the following three characteristics: First, this manuscript is based on seal cutting and transported to the center, which is a disease. Secondly, this manuscript draws sand with a cone, and its brushwork is not only rough, but also smooth, and it has its own infinite charm in convergence, which makes people rub it repeatedly and never get tired of it; Thirdly, this manuscript adopts a centripetal structure with the arch as the center. The characters are connected, belong to each other, flying strangely and unexpectedly. As Ruan Yuan said, "When gold melts and flows away everywhere, it loses its vitality." This shows the excellence of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing's manuscripts also include "competing for seats" and "offering sacrifices to uncles", which are secret and automatic, and are often absorbed, such as the Lanting of the right army and the three drafts of Lu Gong, which are inexpressibly naive. If you do it deliberately, you can't reach it. Just like General Shi, if you try it the next day without feathers, you can't reach it and you won't take it. "This manuscript is the original, like the brushwork studied by scholars.
Weibei was a popular calligraphy style in China during the Northern Dynasties. In the northern dynasties, Wei was the most prosperous calligraphy, with its style, vigor, simplicity and strangeness, and various styles. Northern Dynasties (including Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties) used this book to carve stones, so it was called Weibei.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is a unified historical period from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, that is, from the end of the 2nd century to the 1980s, which lasted nearly 400 years. The general feature of this period is a word "chaos", frequent wars and regime changes. At the same time, Buddhism prevailed in most areas of China during this period, and people of all ethnic groups who suffered greatly fantasized about seeking liberation by praying to God and worshipping Buddha. Buddhism has become an important channel for people of all ethnic groups to exchange and integrate ideas and cultures. The prevalence of Buddhism also promoted the development of cultural undertakings. Due to the need to promote Buddhism and create statues of self-standing monuments, the development of calligraphy and sculpture art has been greatly promoted. During this period, Shu Wei, regular script and cursive script all moved from primary stage to maturity. A large number of stone carvings preserved in Xi 'an Stele Forest and Wang Yaoshan in Yaoxian County, Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province are relics of Buddhism, but they are also masterpieces of Shu Wei and stone carvings.
In the Han dynasty, the popular font was official script. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, regular script became popular in the south. At that time, people regarded the southern culture as the authentic culture of the Han nationality. The popular regular script in the south is called "regular script", which is highly praised by scholars. However, in the Northern Dynasties, Han Li's calligraphy style was directly adopted. Because it is necessary to chisel with a knife in the actual carving operation, a unique calligraphy form-"Shu Wei" is formed, which is different from Han Li and modern calligraphy. Shu Wei's font has the meaning of official script, which is simple and vigorous, fluent and powerful, and tends to be cut with knives and axes. Many in Weibei belong to this font.
Song Sijia Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called "Song Sijia", which can best represent the achievements of calligraphy in Song Dynasty.
Su Shi (1037-110/year) was born in Meishan, Sichuan. A famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Poetry is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Shi (1037-1101) was born in Meishan (now Sichuan). He and his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are famous for their poems, known as "Su San". Su Shi is famous for his talent and understanding of classics and history. Song Jiayou was a scholar in the second year (1057), and once served as a minister of rites and a bachelor of Hanlin. He had a rough life and was exiled many times. When he was in Song Shenzong, he was highly valued. However, due to the struggle between the old and new parties, he was repeatedly relegated and became a local official in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. He was also framed and imprisoned for writing a poem that slandered state affairs. After he was released from prison, he was banished to Huangzhou. After several ups and downs, he was exiled to Huizhou and Qiongzhou and moved to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province). Since then, he has lived a life of reading and painting. It was not until Fu Yuan's third year (1 100) that Song Huizong was pardoned and returned to the north. In July, Yuan (1 10 1) died in Changzhou. Su Shi is upright, broad-minded, brilliant, poetic and good at painting and calligraphy. His calligraphy draws nutrition from Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and strives for innovation on the basis of inheriting tradition. When talking about the process of his calligraphy creation, he said: "My understanding of writing is superficial and my knowledge is insufficient. I can't be perfect in the end, but I have everything in my mind. " He added: "I can't make a book with my heart. I'm tired of asking for it." He centered on "meaning" and put his feelings in the stippling of the book Letter Hands. Su Shi's writing seems plain and simple, but it has a mighty air of Wang Yang sea. Like his profound knowledge, dragons are unpredictable. He is good at running script and regular script, and his brushwork is vigorous and natural, giving people the artistic beauty of "the breath of the sea breeze" and "the shape of ancient rocks" Su Shi's calligraphy is highly respected by later generations. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "His calligraphy is very attractive ... until the wine is drunk, he forgets his work, and his words are extremely thin ... As for the round pen and rhyme, the article is wonderful and loyalty is full of the sun and the moon. This is a good book, the first (Soviet Union). " Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty praised him for "completely using the front, which is the Lanting of Pogong". Handed down from ancient times, there are Qianchibi Fu, Huangzhou Cold Food Poem Post, Dongting Spring Fu, Zhongshan Songlao Fu and so on. Appreciation of works: Qianchibi Fu. Su Shixing's regular script in Northern Song Dynasty. Ordinary ink roller. Longitudinal 23.9 cm, M258 cm. * * * Two words and sixty-six lines. Thirty-six characters were missing in the first five lines, which were supplemented by Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty. Collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei. On July 16 (1082), Su Shi and his friends took a boat to visit Chibi outside the city, recalling Sun Quan's defeat of Battle of Red Cliffs in Cao Jun in the Three Kingdoms period more than 800 years ago, and writing about Chibi to express their views on the universe and life. In the same year 10, I revisited my hometown and wrote another article "After Red Cliff", which is a famous masterpiece in the history of literature. This volume is a book written by my friend Fu (1024~ 109 1). He knew this book was written by him last year, so he knew it was Yuan Feng's six-year book, when he was 48 years old. This volume of regular script is short, flat and dense, and the pen and ink are rich, which is a rare meaning of Su Shi's middle age. "Shiqu Baodi" contains: the volume is seven inches and five minutes high and seven feet and two inches and five minutes horizontal. After the volume, Wen Zhiming, Dong Qichang and others wrote the postscript. Dong's postscript said: "Chu Sao written by Mr. Dongpo is one of the changes, and the preface to Lanting Collection is also one of the changes." He also said, "This red wall is endowed with a few people who want to see through the back of the paper, and they all use the front, which is the' Lanting' of Po Gong." The ancient and clumsy connotation in this article is comparable to Su Shi's calligraphy. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post: Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post was written by Su Shi, with a plain ink version, horizontal 34.2 cm, vertical 18.9 cm, running script 17 lines, 129 characters, now in the National Palace Museum, and one in the private hands of Taiwan Province Province. Years Without Money was actually written by Song Shenzong Yuanfeng in the fifth year (A.D. 1082). At that time, Su Shi was rejected by the New Party because of the Wutai Poetry Case, and was demoted to Huangzhou Youth League, which was the largest literary prison in the Song Dynasty. He felt spiritually lonely and depressed and lived in poverty. He wrote two five-character poems at the Cold Food Festival in the third year of his relegation: Cherish spring, want to keep it, and manage it until no one regrets it. This year also suffered from continuous rain, for two months, the climate was bleak as autumn. Sniff begonia flowers and swallow branches of snow. Sneaking around in the middle of the night is really something. He Shu's sick teenager had a white start. The riverside is surging, as if to rush into the portal, and the fierce attack of heavy rain seems not bad. The hut is like a fishing boat, in a misty water cloud. The empty kitchen is cooking some cold dishes, and damp reeds are burning at the bottom of the stove. I didn't know it was a cold food, but I saw crows burning the remaining paper money. The emperor's palace gate has nine floors, which are far-reaching and difficult to return. The tombs of ancestors in the distance cannot be mourned. I just want to imitate Ruan Ji and cry out in despair, but I am disheartened and unwilling to rekindle. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post presents a dynamic trend with ups and downs. Poetry is desolate and melancholy, and calligraphy is produced in this mood and situation. Throughout the ups and downs, rapid and steady, incisively and vividly, in one go. Su Shi put the changes of artistic conception and emotion in his poems in the changes of stippling lines, either before or after, changing and changing, breaking with the trend, and being natural. Its words are also strange, big or small, sparse or dense, light or heavy, wide or narrow, uneven, arbitrary and strange, and varied. No wonder Huang Tingjian bowed his head and sighed, "Dongpo's poems are like Li Taibai's, lest Taibai be everywhere." This book was written by Yan, Yang and Li Xitai, trying to restore Dongpo, which may not be as good as this book. "("Postscript of Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry ") Dong Qichang also has an postscript saying:" I have read more than 30 volumes of Mr. Dongpo's original volume in my life, and I will take it as a good view. "Huangzhou cold food poetry post is the best in Su Shi's calligraphy works and has a great influence in the history of calligraphy. Xian Yushu in Yuan Dynasty called it "the third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting and Yan Zhenqing's Sacrifice to His Nephew.
Huang Tingjian (1045-1 105), whose real name is Taoist in the valley, was later called Huanggu, later named Fu Weng, and was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). Poet and calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Zong Shenxi Ning for three years (1070), with Wang Anshi as prime minister, the implementation of the new law was fiercely opposed by conservatives headed by Sima Guang. Later, the struggle between the old and new parties intensified until the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. In this struggle, Huang Tingjian sided with the old party. Although he didn't take an active part in this struggle, he was involved in the whirlpool of struggle all his life. Huang Tingjian came from Su Shi's school, and was also called "Four Bachelor of Su Men" with Zhang Lai, Qin Guan and Chao. Later, he and Su Shi were called "Su Huang" together. His most important achievement is poetry. Poetics flaunts Du Fu, but emphasizes the theory of reading and textual research, taking the old as the new, "no words and no place", "thoroughly remoulding oneself, turning stone into gold". He had a great influence in the Song Dynasty, and initiated Jiangxi Poetry School. He can write, and he is good at writing and cursive. At the beginning of calligraphy, he took Zhou Yue as his teacher, and later adopted Yan Zhenqing and Huai Su. Influenced by Yang Ningshi, he was particularly good at "following the ancient destiny". His brushwork takes advantage of the situation and has a unique style. Song Shi? "Biography of Wen Yuan" called him: "Ting Jian's natural science article, which Chen Shidao called Du Fu, was good at writing cursive script and set a good example." Together with Chao and Qin Guan, he traveled to Su Shi's door, which is known as the four bachelors in the world. "He said," I have been learning cursive for more than 30 years. I was originally a teacher with Zhou Yue, so I have been full of vulgarity for 20 years. Su Caiweng was too late, and the beautiful book was written by the ancients. "Later, Zhang Xu, Huai Su and Gao Xian got ink marks, which is a glimpse of the beauty of brushwork. His masterpieces include Song Fengge Poetry, Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Postscript, Flower Fragrance Post, Hong Xian Poetry and so on. Appreciation of works:? Song Fengge Poetry Post: Song Fengge Poetry Post is a seven-character parallel prose written by Huang Tingjian. It is an inky paper, 32.8 cm long and 2 19.2 cm wide. The full text consists of 29 lines, 153 words. Collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Songfengge is located near Lingquan Temple in Xishan, west of Ezhou City, Hubei Province, with an altitude of 1.6 meters above sea level. In ancient times, Fanshan was the place where Sun Quan gave lectures on martial arts and literature, and held a banquet to worship heaven. In September of the first year of Chongning, Song Huizong (1 102), Huang Tingjian and his friends traveled to Mount Fanshan in the north of the lake, passing a pavilion in the pine forest and listening to Songtao overnight. " Song Feng Ge Shi sang the scenery I saw at that time and expressed my nostalgia for my friends. Song Feng Ge Tie Shi is a work of Huang Tingjian in his later years. Huang Tingjian wrote thousands of excellent running scripts in his life, the most famous of which is Song Feng Ge Tie Shi. Its Shen Feng is swaying, the long wave is big, Teton is ups and downs, and it is full of meaning. It is a masterpiece of running script to add Lanting to Yan's Sacrifice to My Nephew. Song Feng Ge Tie Shi spread in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, it was collected by the people, returned to Jia Sidao, passed by Ding Ming Bianyuan and Qing Anqi, and then entered the Qing Dynasty. This post was given to Hubei Wang (Xiaofeng) during the light year of the Qing Dynasty. Wang was buried in the 24th year of Daoguang (1844) and served as the minister of war. He was appointed as an honorary recorder after obtaining the provincial examination and taking the examination in Shuntian (Hebei). Taking advantage of his position, he collected Huang Tingjian's Poems of Song Fengge, Cai Xiang Ink in Song Dynasty and other ancient cultural relics and brought them back to Hubei. Ke Maozhi's preface to the poem Volume of Songfengge in the Yellow Valley says: "Wang Xiaofeng's military department got this volume in Lv Chen, Liu Jun, which has been used for a long time to cover the property of the princess's family. There are more than a dozen famous poems and postscript on it, which are often hidden in Li Tianlai's pavilion. Xiangzi's Bianling in Beijing has many private seals. I asked for Xi's treasure. Without the name of Fu Weng (Valley), the paper color and silk color are still fresh and beautiful, but they are full of energy, not turning the phoenix. Wuchang (Ezhou) handed a poem by Fu Weng to Songfeng Pavilion, but it was abandoned from time to time in the pavilion, and the poem was unique in the world. After several dynasties, this Mo Bao returned to the hands of literati in our city, and the fate of mountains and rivers was accidental. "I love playing for a long time. It was the spring and March of the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859)." Flower Fragrance Sticker: Huang Tingjian's Flower Fragrance Sticker is cursive and paper. It is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The post station is stamped with the seal of "Ji Dianbao" in the Southern Song Dynasty and has been in the inner government of the Southern Song Dynasty. There is also the collection of An Yizhou, a famous collector in Qing Dynasty.
Mi Fei Mi Fei (1051-kloc-0/107) people's seal, with the number of Xiangyang Manchu, Haiyue Waishi and Lumen Jushi. Originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi, I settled in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. He is called "Mi Dian" because of his eccentric personality and crazy behavior, and he is called "brother" when he meets a stone. Zhao is a doctor of calligraphy and painting, known as Guan. Mi Fei is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and his appraisal is accurate. He is a painter, appraiser and collector, and is second to none among the "Four Great Calligraphers in Song Dynasty". His writing style is bold and unconstrained, and his statutes are rigorous. Song Shi? "Biography of Wen Yuan" said: "My calligraphy is particularly wonderful, and I am deeply impressed by Wang Xianzhi's brushwork." Mi Fei studied hard all his life and made the greatest achievement in calligraphy. When he was young, he studied hard Yan, Liu, Ou and Chu, and laid a solid foundation. When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he visited for advice, and Dongpo advised him to study gold. From the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Mi Fei devoted himself to the study of Wei and Jin Dynasties, searched many calligraphy posts of Jin people, and even named his study "Baojinzhai". Today, Wang Xianzhi's ink-and-wash autumn post is said to have been copied by him, which is both beautiful in form and spirit. Mi Fei turned to many teachers all his life, and in his later years, he also said in the book "Self-report": "I am a beginner, so I should learn to write the wall first. I was seven or eight years old. The words are as big as a picture, so it is impossible to write simply. I saw Liu and admired his tight knot, so I learned Liu's Diamond Sutra. For a long time, knowing that it comes from Europe means learning from Europe. For a long time, such as printing plate arrangement, it is the longest time to learn from Chu, and the season of Mo Duan turns fat into beauty, and all sides are perfect. Over time, Jue Duan Quanze exhibited Lanting, so he joined the Jin and Wei Dynasties and abandoned Zhong Fang to study in Yigong. " The same is true of Liu Kuanbei. The seal writers love drunkenness and Shi Guwen. "I also realized that bamboo slips are painted with bamboo, which is wonderful and ancient. Mi Fei claimed that his works were "collections of ancient Chinese characters", and he had a deep understanding of the brushwork, composition and charm of ancient masters, which also showed to some extent that Mi Fei had made great efforts in the tradition of learning books. Miffy was not involved in the political whirlpool and her life was relatively stable. Later, he became a doctor of painting and calligraphy, enjoyed the collection of books in the palace and familiarized himself with the Millennium stories. The gains and losses of the ancients are countless. Mi Fei is famous for his calligraphy, and his achievements come entirely from his efforts the day after tomorrow. Miffy comes to the pool every day. According to historical records: "If you don't write for a day, you will feel sleepy, thinking that the ancients never wasted a moment." "Zhi Yong inkstone into mortar, can reach the right army (Wang Xizhi). If you infiltrate from Zhong (Yao) to Suo (Jing), you can always be encouraged. " His son Mi Youren said that he didn't even forget to write on New Year's Day. (According to Sun Zubai's Friends of Mi Fermi). Mi Fei wrote a book seriously, saying, "She wrote Haide Poems three or four times, but it is hard for people to believe this book" (Yang Zhu of Mingming Fan Taiwan Mi Fei). A poem has been written three or four times, and only one or two sentences satisfy him. Among them, the bitterness is beyond the reach of an expert, which also shows his rigorous creative attitude. Mi Fei's calligraphy is in Song Sijia, after Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian, and before Cai Xiang. However, regardless of Su Dongpo's position as a scholar or Huang Tingjian's influence as a leader of Jiangxi Poetry School, Mi Fei's traditional skill is the deepest in terms of calligraphy, especially his running script, which shows the correctness of both. Dong Qichang's "Essay on Painting Zen Rooms in Ming Dynasty" said: "I tasted the word rice and thought that the Song Dynasty was the first. After all, it was based on Dongpo." In other words, Mi Dian's book is more successful. When he changed in his later years, it was strange that ice was colder than water. When the emperor asked about calligraphy, Mi Fei claimed to be "calligraphy". He is modest and pragmatic, and his "brushwork" shows that he is quick and powerful with his pen and tries his best. His calligraphy works, from poems to bamboo slips and inscriptions, are full of vitality and freshness. Judging from the existing nearly 60 Mi Fei's handwriting, the word "brush" vividly shows the spirit of the word "rice". No wonder Su Dongpo said, "Mi Fei is ecstatic." He also said: "Haiyue was born with seal script, official script, original script, running script and cursive script. When you are parallel to Zhong Wang, dive and be happy. Not only worth it. " Mi Fei's calligraphy had a far-reaching influence, especially in the late Ming Dynasty. Many scholars, such as Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming, Chen Chun, Xu Wei, Wang Juesi, Fu Shan, etc., have taken a Heart Sutra from Mi Zi, and this influence has continued to this day. Mi Fei's calligraphy has reached a high level, and his calligraphy theory is quite a lot. He is the author of History of Books, Famous sayings of Hai Yue, Visiting Bao Lu, Copyright Review and so on. It shows his outstanding courage and refined taste, and often scoffs at his predecessors. However, he never followed the old saying and was valued by calligraphers of all ages. However, he also talked too much, belittled Ada and Xu Su, and was harsh and critical. Mi Fei's ink handed down from generation to generation mainly includes Tiaoxi Poetry Collection, Shu Sutie, Fiona Fang Anji and Ma Tiancai, among which there are many Korean essays. Mi Fei is good at ink and wash landscapes and is known as "Yunshan of Mi Fei", but Mi Fei's paintings do not exist in the world. But at present, the only thing that can be seen is hardly a real "rice painting"-The Picture of Coral Pen Container, which depicts a coral pen container and Zuo Shu's "golden pedestal". Then add rice dots and inscriptions, and Mi Jiashan water will pop up. It's quite interesting for Miffy to use painting as a ghostwriter. Appreciation of works: coral posts: Mi Fei's coral posts, running script. Also known as coral pen holder coral post, the official post is attached to the coral post, also known as the official post. Paper ink pen longitudinal 26.6cm, 47.1cm; Respectively in the horizontal direction; 27. 1cm in vertical direction and 49.9cm in horizontal direction, collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing. This post is a famous running script of Mi Fei in his later years. Compared with his previous middle-aged works, his books are particularly bizarre, super bold, casual and natural, vigorous and generous. For example, Yu Ji of the Yuan Dynasty commented: "The spirit is flying, the bones and muscles are strong, and the Jin and Wei are self-sufficient." In Yuan Dynasty, Shi Guangyuan called it "the masterpiece in Mi Shu, the first post in the world", and the writing materials used in coral posts were also very special, bamboo paper was light yellow, and there were many bamboo fiber bundles on the paper. It is said that this is the earliest work written on bamboo paper found so far. Coral Post was collected by Tian Xi, Ji Zongyuan, Xiao, Qing Biao, Wang, An Qi, Yong [Wang Xing] and Pei. After returning to Zhang Boju. 1956 Zhang Boju donated it to the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture and allocated it to the Palace Museum. Mo Guan Ji, Splendid Life Ji, Passing Clouds and Smoke Ji, Grand View Ji, Zhuang Calligraphy and Painting Ji. Susu Tie: Mi Fei's Susu Tie, also known as quasi-ancient poetry tie, is a silk calligraphy and a running script. 29.7 cm long and 284.3 cm wide; This book was written in the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1088). When Mi Fei was thirty-eight, * * wrote eight poems with different styles, 7 1 line and 658 words. "Shu Su" is a kind of fine silk fabric made in Sichuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is woven with silk fences and beautifully made. A man named Shao Zizhong framed a picture of corn into a roll and gave it to a famous artist to leave Mo Bao. Because silk fabrics are rough and difficult to write, unskilled people dare not want them. Shu Su Tie was published in Huzhou (Zhejiang) in the Song Dynasty. Where are the prizes? In August, 1953, Mi Fei asked lin xi to invite him to visit Tiaoxi on the outskirts of Taihu Lake. Linxi took out the Shu-Su scroll and treasured it, which was written by Mi Fei. Mifei was bold and did her best, and wrote eight songs of her own in one breath. This post is changeable in pen, hidden in the front, clear in thickness and varied in posture, which fully embodies his unique style of "brushing words" Because Shu Su was rough and went all out to write, Dong Qichang wrote a postscript to Shu Su Tie: "This volume is like a lion fighting an elephant. Go all out to cooperate for life. " In addition, because silk fabrics are not susceptible to ink and there are many dry pens, the ink color is distinct from beginning to end, and it is even more exciting to rush to spring. The Shu Cycas was collected by famous collectors such as Xiang, Dong Qichang and so on in the Ming Dynasty, fell into the hands of Xiang, Wang and Fu Heng in the Qing Dynasty, and later entered the Qing Dynasty, and is now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan.
Cai Xiang (10 12- 1067) was born in Xinghua (now Xianyou, Fujian). Tiansheng was a scholar in the eighth year (1030), and successively served as a collator of Guan Ge, a remonstrator, a history museum, a patent for intellectuals, a bachelor of Longtuge, a bachelor of Privy Council, a bachelor of Hanlin, a third secretary, and a bachelor of Central Duanming Hall in Song Dynasty. I also worked as a transshipment ambassador on Fujian Road (now Fuzhou, Fujian) and learned about Quanzhou, Fuzhou and Fujian. He gave the assistant minister of does a gift of "loyalty". Cai Xiang is honest, trustworthy and knowledgeable. There are four great calligraphers in the history of calligraphy: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai.