The south, who was exiled to Lingnan, cut off contact with relatives, survived the winter and experienced a new year.
The closer I get to my hometown, the more timid I am, afraid to inquire about people from home.
I left my hometown and went to Wuling. After a winter, it was spring again. I haven't contacted my family for a long time because of the inconvenient transportation. Now I cross the Han River and go back to my hometown. How do I know that the closer I am to home, the more nervous I am. Because I am afraid of hurting my good wishes, I dare not ask about my hometown when I see my fellow villagers.
Appreciation: This poem was written when Song fled Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) and passed through Hanshui River (referring to a section of Hanshui River near Xiangyang). Poetry is homesick, but on the contrary. The closer I am to my hometown, the more afraid I am to inquire about the news of my hometown, for fear of hearing bad news, which hurts my good wishes. The language is extremely shallow and profound; Describe the psychology and post it in detail; There is nothing artificial, nature is the most beautiful.
The first two sentences trace back to the relegation of Lingnan. It's hard enough to denounce the wilderness, not to mention breaking up with your family and knowing each other's lives and deaths. What's more, this case has passed for a long time. The author has no three meanings: the separation of parallel space, the cut-off of audio books, and the long time. Instead, it was presented step by step, which strengthened and deepened his loneliness and depressed feelings during his exile, as well as his yearning for his hometown and relatives. The words "broken" and "complex" seem indifferent, but in fact they are very intentional. The isolated situation of the author when he was trapped in the relegation room, the life scene of losing any spiritual comfort, and the unbearable mental pain are all vivid and tangible. These two sentences are straightforward, easy to accept, nothing surprising, and often easy for readers to let go. In fact, its position and role in the whole article is very important. With this background, the next two excellent lyrics have a root.
Song's hometown is in Fenzhou (now near Fenyang, Shanxi) and Hongnong (now southwest of Lingbao, Henan), which is far from the "Hanshui" in the poem. The so-called "close to home" is just from the psychological habit, just like people living in Beijing today feel "close to home" as soon as they cross the Yellow River (Song did not escape to his hometown this time, but lived in Luoyang). Naturally, it seems that these two sentences should be written as "I am more eager to ask people near my hometown", but the author wrote it completely out of nature: "Now, close to my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question." After careful consideration, I think that only in this way can we meet the "prescribed scene" revealed in the previous two sentences. Because the author has been banished to a distant place, he hasn't heard from his family for a long time. On the one hand, he misses his family day and night, on the other hand, he is always worried about their fate and that they will encounter misfortune because of their own ties or other reasons. The longer the Le Shu is broken, the more this yearning and worry will develop towards the two poles, forming an ambivalent psychological state of yearning for Le Shu and fearing its arrival. This ambivalence, especially after crossing the Han River and getting home soon, has further dramatic development: the original worry, anxiety and vague premonition seem to be confirmed by an acquaintance on the road at once and become a living cruel reality; The long-cherished wish of reuniting with family members will be shattered immediately by the ruthless reality. As a result, "more passionate" has become "more timid" and "eager to ask" has become "afraid to ask". This is the inevitable development of psychological contradiction under the special situation of "breaking the voice from the mountain". Through "feeling more timid" and "dare not ask", readers can strongly feel the poet's urgent desire to restrain himself at this time and the mental pain caused by it. This description is true, emotional and chewy.
Song was demoted to Longzhou this time because he fawned on Zhang Yizhi when he was in Wuhou, which can be said to be culpable of punishment. But readers of this poem often arouse some kind of emotional resonance. One of the important reasons is that when the author expresses his thoughts and feelings, he has given up all the life materials related to his special experience and identity, showing only a special psychological state produced by a person who has lived in a foreign land for a long time and has not heard from him for a long time near his hometown. However, this kind of psychological feeling is extremely typical and universal. The phenomenon that image is greater than thinking often seems to be related to the typicality and generality of works. This poem is an example. People love to take a poem from Du Fu's Shu Huai: "It's been October since I sent the book. I am afraid of this news, I have no heart! " Compared with this poem, this just shows that feelings with completely different nature can sometimes be expressed in a similar way, and the objective life content they summarize can be compared.
Song was born in Xian Qingyuan (656? ~ 7 12), no prominent family background. His father Song Ling Wen set out from his hometown, determined to study and make friends. Li Shuo's exploration of etymology is multifaceted. He is not only "rich in words, skillful in writing, magnificent and unique, and is known as the three best in the world". When he was in Tang Gaozong, he was the master of Zuo Xiaolangwei and the master of Dongtai in charge of old books, and his reputation was not bad. Under the influence of his father, Song and his younger brothers, Song Zhixun and Song Zhixun, were diligent and studious since childhood, and each had a unique father. Song Zhiyong was brilliant, Song Xun was good at Cao Li, and Song was a professional writer, which became a much-told story at that time. In the second year of Shang Yuan (675), the tall and handsome Song Jinshi boarded the "Longmen" and embarked on the right track of his official career.
Song Wenzhi's spring breeze is the day when Wu Zetian actually mastered state affairs. Wuhou accepted "Zhenguan" and made great efforts to select talents, not sticking to one pattern. Song and Yang Jiong were called into the Museum of Internal Literature in the name of talents, and were soon enfeoffed to join the army in Luozhou (now the northeast of Luoyang, Henan). In the second year of Yonglong (68 1), he joined Yang Jiong as a bachelor of Chongwenmen. In the autumn of the first year of God-given (690), Wuhou proclaimed himself emperor, changed the title of Zhou, and called Song and Yang Jiong to Luoyang Xige. 15 years, Song quickly became a bachelor of five products from the internal education of Jiupin Zhengtang, and was admired by the world. The post of bachelor in Tang Dynasty was favored by the advisers and attendants of the Emperor of Heaven in literary language. Song, who came from a humble background, was grateful and proud of it, and regarded it as a shortcut and guarantee to get ahead. He said in the preface to "Visiting Princess Taiping from Jiulongtan to Seek the Banquet of King Anping": "I am less pregnant with Shang Wei, and I have been working in Lingqiu for a long time. I have practiced the paradise of the past and can't stay long; What can I do to climb the king's laurel tree? " This is a typical expression of his mentality. Wu Hou's elegant movement, Song cleverly thought of culture for luck. On a trip to Longmen, Luoyang, the marquis of Wu ordered the minister to write poems. Zuo's poems were written first, and the marquis of Wu gave him a robe. He also presented the poem "Longmen Yingzhi" in the Song Dynasty, saying that "both arts and sciences are beautiful, and the left and right are called good". Wuhou took the Oriental Qiujin robe and handed it to him. This capture not only embodies Wuhou's advocacy of Song De's poetic style, but also shows the creative direction of Song at this time, which has a great impact on his reputation and status. During the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Song not only traveled to Henan from the post-Wu Dynasty, but also flattered the near-lucky concubines, consorts and friends of the Hou Dynasty, feeling that "the ambition is only to achieve, but to forget." This pursuit and life made him gradually indulge and degenerate, and consciously or unconsciously fell into the political whirlpool of power struggle and interest struggle within the ruling group. In the later years of Wuhou, Song was successively transferred to the positions of Shang Shu, Cheng and Zuo. After Wu Meichen, he and his brother "love their talents with elegance" and invited him and his friends Du, Yan, Shen Quanqi, Wang Wujing, Yin Yuankai, Fu Jiamo and Liu to preview. Song, Yan and many other branded Zhang Fuwen entered the collection and fell in love at first sight. Shucheng, who lived in Chang 'an for two years (703), moved to Li Si. In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), the Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and the King of Dianshan forced Wu to retreat, killing them, and friends such as Ying, Song and Du were all relegated. Song Wenzhi relegated Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) to join the army. Everything is difficult, and he longs for the glory of the past. The following spring, he secretly fled back to Luoyang. He found that his friend Zhang Hewang and other prime ministers, Wu Sansi (at the time of Zhang Jian) made people snitch, and he was appointed as the main book of Hung Hom. "This was deeply laughed at by just people." In July of the first year of Jinglong (707), the prince killed Wu Sansi and his son and died. Song praised the achievements of Wu and his son in the above table. Please build a monument in SHEN WOO, Tang Zhongzong, and find out the admirers. The following year, he was transferred to the post of Foreign Minister and worked with a group of scholars such as Du, Wu Pingyi, Shen Quanqi and Yan in the Xiuwen Pavilion. "He cited many examples and many famous people." At that time, the cronies of the imperial court fought for power and position. Because he was attached to Princess Anle, Princess Taiping was jealous of him and suggested Zhongzong. In the third year (7O9), Yu Jinglong moved him to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
During the period, Song was deeply touched by political turmoil and personal humiliation. When he came to a fresh and beautiful water town from a decadent court, he began to purify his mind and sublimate his realm. After sincerely praising Dayu's eternal virtues of water control, disaster relief and saving people, he wrote in Yuezhou: "The king is the heart first, and pleasure is the virtue." After entering politics, just avoid it. Enlighten by watching the mirror water and help bamboo arrows to be straight; Pay tribute to God's rest and look forward to man's rest. "Reflects the ideological and emotional changes. As a result, he climbed mountains in Yuezhou and visited people's livelihood. His poetry creation was "quite independent" and began to turn into a healthy and fresh track. "Everyone is spreading satire in the capital. However, just as Song began to embark on the road of "rebirth", another palace coup drove him to the wall. In June of the first year of Jing Yun (7 10), Li Longji, king of Linhai County, and Princess Taiping killed Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle, established Tang Ruizong, and sent Song and Wu Sansi to Qinzhou (now the northeast of Qinzhou, Guangxi), then pardoned and changed to Guangxi. In August of the first year of congenital (7 12), after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, Song was granted death in the immigration office, ending his last life journey.
Song is a famous contemporary poet, but he is not praised politically and his behavior is quite absurd. Due to the limitations of court poets, he was subject to ghostwriting and his ambition was low. Many of his poems praise merit, whitewash peace, be flashy and vague. But with the turmoil of life, contact with society and experience of life, he also created some good works, which are refreshing. Yang Jiong wrote "Sacrifice to Yang Yingchuan" after his death, which adopted four or four standards, using phonetic characters and fancy sentences. The content is concise, sad and sincere, which makes people cry. Compared with his ghostwriting "Sacrificing Liang for Zongshangshu" and "Sacrificing Lu for Zongshangshu Brothers", the feelings of the literati at that time were completely different.
As a scholar, Song was also spurned for his bad character, which was not only manifested in his attitude towards political snobbery, but also in a widely circulated murder case. Since ancient times, all literati have enjoyed writing. One day, Song saw the beauty of his nephew's poem "Flowers are similar year after year, but people are different year after year", so he wanted to keep it for himself and refused. So Song trampled him to death with a bag full of dirt, calling it "killing people because of poetry".
As a poet, Song Wenzhi was famous when he was young. "He was especially good at five-character poems, but he was second to none at that time." Judging from the works included in songji and Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, he had a good grasp of the genre at that time and was familiar with the use of famous articles and sentences. For example, the short song "Winter Clouds Lead Sima Cheng Town" V. Friendship sentence: "In the cold pool of the bright moon, youth is fading. This feeling is not for the laity, but for endless love. " The five-character ancient poem "Title Zhang Lao Pine Tree" is a metaphor for Gao Jie's sentence: "A hundred feet without an inch of branches, you will be lonely and straight all your life." Sifu sentence in He Ming Pian, a seven-character ancient poem; "MingHe unfriendly, if I would like to take it has been tianjin. Even the weaver girl will set up a machine stone and go to the city to sell hexagrams. " The five-word quatrain "Send Du Shenyan" expresses farewell: "I am sick and have to travel thousands of miles. The river bridge does not send each other, and Jiang Shuyuan is affectionate. " Lingyin Temple, a five-character poem, draws a beautiful sentence: "The building looks at the sea, and the door faces the Zhejiang tide." They are all fresh and frank, lyrical and sincere, picturesque. Song dynasty made great contributions to the melody of poetry by emphasizing comparison and preciseness. On the basis of the creative development of Qi, Liang Shenfang and Yu Xin from the early Tang Dynasty, he and Shen Quanqi tried hard to practice and summarize, so that all the systems of metrical poetry reached the stage of maturity and stereotypes, and the boundaries between classical poetry and modern poetry were drawn. In this form, they wrote masterpieces such as Watching the Jiangting Pavilion at Night, Sleeping in Xiangjiang River at Night, Inscribed on the Wall of an Inn in the North of Dayu Mountain and Du the Tomb of Dayu.
His father's name is Song Ling Wen. When he was a left general, Dongtai was a detailed bachelor. He is good at writing and calligraphy, and his muscles are extraordinary. He is called the "Three Musts". Influenced by his father Song, he is also good at poetry. He and the analytical Wei are also called "two unique skills" of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and the same as Shen Quanqi, and they are also called "Song Shen". In 675 A.D. (the second year of Emperor Gaozong), he was a scholar, and at the beginning he was divided with Yang Jiong. He used to be Fang Shangcheng Jian and Zuo Fengchen Inner Corner. He often attended banquets and wrote many poems. In the creative practice, the Song Dynasty refined the metrical rules since the Six Dynasties, perfected the five-character metrical poem system, and created a new style of seven-character metrical poems. He is one of the founders of metrical poetry.