I wrote an ancient poem silently in the exam, which was written by Li Yi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
The sand is like snow in front of Huile Peak,
The moon outside the city is like frost.
I don't know where to play the reed pipe.
I want to recruit people all night.
The word "reed" in "I don't know where to play the reed pipe" was written as a bamboo prefix by quite a few students.
what about this? I'm not used to copying, because I think it's too low and lacks wisdom. Still have to find a way to let students know both why and why, and explain the ins and outs clearly. So, start looking up relevant information.
reed pipe: instrument name. A musical instrument made from the stem of reed is a kind of musical instrument played by Hu people.
this explanation of "reed pipe" in "Han Dian Wang" coincides with my original understanding, and it happens to be "I don't know where to play the reed pipe, but I want to recruit people all night."
so, I began to speak.
Many students write the word "reed" of "reed pipe" as a bamboo prefix. Obviously, they don't understand this word. The so-called reed pipe should be a simple musical instrument made of reed stems. My hometown is in the north, where there are few reeds, but when spring comes, children will pull out the cores from the branches of newly sprouted willows, leaving the skins to make simple whistles, which can blow out sounds.
We see that "reed" and "reed" are both grass prefixes, and because reed is a herb, we use grass prefixes.
There is also the word "reed" in some poems that we have learned or are familiar with, for example:
Su Shi's "Riverside Scene in Hui Chong" says that "Artemisia selengensis has short reed buds all over the ground, which is the time when puffer fish want to go up." The reed buds here are the tender buds of reeds.
Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip includes: "my quarters, near the River Town, are low and damp, with bitter reeds and yellowed rushes all about the house." The yellow reed is a kind of reed.
In Sikong Shu's "Jiang Cun Yi Shi", there is a saying: "Even if the wind blows away overnight, it will only be near the shallow water of Luhua."
In Hu Lingneng's "Xi Han Shao Fu Visit", there is a saying that "children are not used to seeing chariots and horses, and go out of the depths of the reed flowers to hide."
reed is a common plant, so it appears in many ancient poems. It should be noted that many of us mistakenly think that the white hairs clustered under reed flowers are reed flowers, and the ancients thought so. In fact, it is just like flowers, not real reed flowers.
after all this, I feel a little proud, and even feel perfect. Because this statement adheres to the principle of consistency when I explain typos, starting from the source of words and starting from the context, trying my best to explain it to students, and also learning new things by reviewing the past.
however, it didn't take long for things to turn upside down. When correcting the diagnosis of typos handed in by students, I found that a student quoted such a piece of information when analyzing this typo in "Reed Pipe".
reed pipe, which originated in ancient Persia (now Iran), is a common musical instrument in ancient western regions. It was introduced to the Central Plains in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was very popular from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty.
if you follow this encyclopedia entry, the cold sweat will soon come down.
The reed pipe body is made of bamboo or copper. The bamboo reed pipe is made of local "Jingzhu", about 19 cm long, with seven holes, and a reed whistle is installed at the upper end.
This introduction subverts my original cognition. Although reed is used as the raw material, reed is obviously not the main body, but the main body is made of bamboo. Moreover, in the introduction, it is specifically said that "the reed pipe is good at playing slow, tearful and touching music."
Finally, this entry also supplements Bai Juyi's poem "Listening to the Reed Pipe" as evidence. "The new reed pipe is suffocating, and the ancient bamboo branches are desolate. Like singing in the ape gorge, doubt blowing in the wild goose gate. ..... "
So, am I wrong? If you think about it carefully, it is really possible.
There are two reasons:
First, if it is only a simple musical instrument made of the stem of reed, it may not make a loud sound, it may not spread far, and it may not "play the reed pipe somewhere", resulting in the effect of "recruiting people to see their hometown all night". Even if there are some exaggerated factors in "longing for hometown", a considerable number of people can hear it.
second, from the experience, a simple musical instrument made of the stem of reed is generally light and simple in tone, so it is impossible to play touching and sad music.
then, after careful consideration, I found more and more problems.
The title is on hearing a flute at night from the wall of shouxiang. Why does the poem say "I don't know where to play the reed pipe"? What is the relationship between this "flute" and "pipe"?
Is the "reed pipe" the "reed flute" as explained in the textbook below? Are they the same thing? The names of musical instruments that often appear in poetry, such as Lu Jia, Hu Jia, Qiang Di and Qiang Guan, and what kind of musical instruments are they?
Since reed pipe is made of bamboo, why is it called reed pipe? Maybe it's a deliberate embarrassment for me, so it's okay for me not to explain the etymology to the students, but the students will be more confused if I explain it.
......
With these questions, I studied again, consulted all kinds of materials, and discussed with Miss Xiao Ma, a new graduate student in the Chinese Language Group. She gave me a lot of materials very enthusiastically, so I made many new discoveries. It turns out that before I raised these questions, many people had done special and in-depth research and textual research on it.
sort it out and draw some conclusions.
1. In the process of historical development, the tendency of homogenization of musical instrument names is more and more obvious. The names of these instruments can often be used universally by poets in their poems. There is often a phenomenon that two musical instrument names refer to the same musical instrument in poetry. It's similar to what we call playing trombone, cornet, horn and even trumpet and suona.
2. If we carefully distinguish reed pipes, reeds, reed flutes, etc., there are differences in the production of different materials, different processes, and different times have their own development and changes. Therefore, it is not accurate to interpret "reed pipe" as "reed flute" in textbooks from the perspective of the study of names and things. It is better not to explain, just say "reed pipe".
3. The ancient "reed" and "bamboo" can be called each other. "Reed" and "bamboo" are similar in shape. About the ancients thought they belonged to the same species. Moreover, there is a plant like Arundo donax now.
Of course, there are many contradictions in all kinds of materials consulted, and we can only choose the good according to our personal judgment.
In fact, before I went deeper into what kind of musical instrument "reed pipe" is, I had many new gains and discoveries when I was looking up information.
For example:
Is "reed bud" a tender bud of reed, or is it "asparagus" as mentioned in some reference books or online materials. Although I often eat asparagus, I really only eat pork. I have never seen a pig run. I don't know what kind of plant it is.
whether "yellow reed" is a reed or a woody plant similar to the "cotinus coggygria" mentioned today, and what is the phenological relationship between "low humidity in the ground" and "with bitter reeds and yellowed rushes all about the house"?
Many notes in "where maple-leaves and full-grown rushes rustled in the autumn" directly interpret "water lily" as "reed flower". What are the similarities and differences between "water lily" and "reed"? Furthermore, the "water lily" in "water lily" is different from reed.
"Lu" was originally a pictophonetic character, and its sound side was "Lu", but why is it written as "Hu" now? There are also donkeys, stoves, Lu, etc., and those who really take "Lu" as the sound side, such as "Qi, Perch, Lu, Yi, Wei, and so on.
If the white hair of reed is not really a "reed flower", what is a real reed flower?
in addition to these, it is further clarified that different musical instruments have different timbre characteristics and can interpret different styles of music, thus deeply understanding the relationship between music in related poems and the theme of poems.
One question after another, which is closely related, is like Lu Xun pulling out the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. In a hundred herbs garden, although he didn't find a piece that looks like a human being, the process is fun enough and enjoyable enough.
if I hadn't tried to make it clearer to the students, I would have slipped by when I was reading these things myself, and I wouldn't think deeply. For this word, I consulted a lot of materials, and also asked my college classmates, biology teachers and colleagues for help. It took me more than ten hours. It is this process that makes me more deeply understand what is called "learning from teaching".
should I tell the students all the materials I have consulted and the contents I have gained?
of course, but not all of them, not in detail, but selectively. Since the previous question about "reed pipe" was wrong, it is necessary to correct it.
First, I will take the students to review how to talk about "reed pipe" in the last class, and why "reed" must be written as a grass prefix instead of a bamboo prefix. Most students have memorized it. I changed the subject and told them that although the reason seemed perfect, I was wrong. After hearing what I said, all the students were surprised.
Next, I simply combed out my recent gains in the process of searching for information for them, and thus I emphatically shared some of my experiences.
do I want them to remember all the knowledge I have learned? No, I didn't mean it. I just took this as an example to tell them how to find (raise) problems, study them and solve them. Don't be satisfied with answering the teacher's questions, answer the questions in the test paper. The truly valuable questions can't be completely solved at once. You should learn to make peace with them and move forward with them.
In many cases, it is not the most important to get an exact answer, but it is more important to ask a valuable question, and it is more important to get happiness in the process of thinking and studying the problem. Only in this way can we lead the learning to a deeper level. This is active learning with internal drive, not passive learning relying on external forces.
then, I shared another poem with them.
butterflies dance in pairs,
insect cicada trees sing.
The bright moon is calling in the sky,
The yellow dog lies in the flower heart.
It is said that this poem was written by a scholar. When Wang Anshi saw it, he felt good after reading the first two sentences, but he couldn't help laughing after reading the last two sentences. What's going on? How can the bright moon crow? How can an animal as big as a yellow dog lie in the heart of a flower? Obviously, it's nonsense.
So, with a stroke of his hand, Wang Anshi changed the last two sentences to "The moon shines in the sky and the yellow dog lies in the shade of flowers". In this way, the meaning of the text is completely straightened out and clear. After the revision, Wang Anshi also felt very proud.
however, things have reversed.
After a long time, Wang Anshi went to the scholar's area, and accidentally found that there was a small bird named "Mingyue Bird" with a clear call, and a small bug named "Yellow Dog Bug" which often crouched in the stamens.
It turns out that Wang Anshi was wrong, not the scholar. Wang Anshi made a mistake in this matter because of his preconceptions and limited knowledge.
Finally, I tell students two things:
1. It is better to have no books if you believe in them. -
When we find a problem and try to solve it, we should consciously consult all kinds of materials. But you can't easily believe it when you find the information. You need to compare and confirm a number of different information, and you should choose the good and follow it.
2. There is a sequence of knowledge and skills, and there is a specialization in skills-Han Yu's Teacher's Notes
Don't take whatever the teacher says as right, and sometimes the teacher is wrong. What a teacher can teach students is definitely not just knowledge, but more importantly, the attitude and method of learning. Only in this way can "a disciple need not be inferior to a teacher, and a teacher need not be superior to a disciple".