Pastoral Joy (Part 6)
Wang Wei
The peach red contains the rain, and the willow green contains the morning smoke.
The flowers have fallen, the children have not swept away the house, the orioles are singing, and the mountain guests are still sleeping.
"Pastoral Music" is a poem composed of seven six-character quatrains. It describes the author's pleasure of retreating to Wangchuan Villa to be close to nature, so it is titled "Wangchuan Six Characters". Here is one of them. The poem writes about spring "sleep", "orioles' cries", "flowers falling" and "falling rain", which is easily reminiscent of Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn". There are so many similarities in the life content of the two poems, but the artistic conception is very different. Comparing each other, it is easiest to see the two distinctive features of Wang Wei's poem.
The first characteristic is the painting shapes and colors, and there are paintings in the poems. This does not mean that Meng's poetry has no paintings, but Meng's poetry focuses on freehand brushwork. Although it also mentions flowers, birds, wind and rain, it does not describe it in detail. Its scenery is indirectly understood by readers from the poetry. Wang Wei's poem is completely different. It not only has a large composition, but also has specific and vivid colors and detailed descriptions, allowing readers to see the picture first and understand it later. Writing peach blossoms, willow silk, and warblers' crows captures the characteristic scenery of spring. Here, peaches, willows, and warblers are all specific references. They are more specific than the general mention of flowers and birds in Meng's poems, and are easier to evoke intuitive impressions. Writing "Wind and Rain at Night" through "Suyu" and "Morning Smoke" obviously has the same artistic effect. On the basis of outlining the scenery, there is also coloring, and the use of the two color words "red" and "green" makes the scenery bright and pleasing to the eye. Readers will see a dark and bright picture before their eyes. "The peaches are blooming, their flowers are shining brightly", coupled with "the willows are still lingering", the scenery is pleasant. After the coloring, there is a further layer of rendering: the dark red and light red petals are slightly tinged with overnight raindrops, making the color softer and more lovely. The air after the rain is clear and fresh, filled with the fragrance of flowers, which makes people's hearts enchanted; Ruowu's shisha is even more charming. After layers of rendering and meticulous description, the poetic scene has become a meticulous and colorful picture; in contrast, Meng's poems look like freehand paintings without coloring. One is wonderful in being colored, the other is wonderful in being colorless. Meng's poem starts from "Spring sleeps without realizing the dawn", meeting people first, then entering the country. Wang Shi is just the opposite. He only meets people after entering the country. Because there is "Suyu", there are "flowers falling". The fallen flowers should be swept away, but "the children of the house have not swept them away." The reason for not sweeping is because people haven’t gotten up yet in the early morning. Isn't this scene of no one paying attention to the falling flowers all over the ground particularly peaceful and interesting? This is exactly the realm Wang Wei prefers. The word "Unswept" was obtained intentionally or unintentionally, without any effort and without a trace. At the end, it is written that "the orioles are crying", but the orioles' crows do not disturb their dreams, and the mountain guests are still sleeping soundly. This is a fascinating picture of "spring sleep without waking up to dawn". But there are subtle differences with Meng's poetry. Meng's poetry starts from "spring sleep without realizing the dawn". In fact, people have woken up, so there is the pleasure of "hearing birds singing everywhere" and the suspense of "knowing how many flowers have fallen". Its artistic conception It can be summed up by the word "nao" in "spring is noisy". This poem is written at the end of spring sleep, when people sleep soundly and peacefully, knowing nothing about the world outside themselves. Although there is movement and sound in the falling flowers and orioles, it only makes the residence and state of mind of the "mountain guest" more and more peaceful, so the artistic conception mainly focuses on the word "quiet". Wang Weizhi's "joy" is also here. People say that his poems have a Zen flavor, and they are not wrong. The idea of ??advocating silence has an inherent negative side. However, Wang Wei's poetry is valuable because of the difference between its tranquility and solitude. He can use movement and stillness to complement each other, and write out the life and interest in stillness, which still leaves people feeling fresh, clear, and beautiful. Tang poems have the characteristics of comprehensive artistic conception, but there are still two types of specific expressions. One is biased towards the meaning, allowing people to indirectly feel the scenery, such as Meng's poem "Spring Dawn"; the other is biased towards the situation, allowing people to understand the situation from the situation. To the author's intention, this is what the poem is. And emotions arise from the environment, and there are paintings in the poems. This is the most significant advantage of this poem.