Lin Xiangru was a native of Zhao in the Warring States Period. King Huiwen of Zhao got rare jade and jade, and Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, defrauded fifteen cities. So the prince of Zhao asked Lin Xiangru to enter Qin with Choi. Seeing that the king of Qin had no intention of keeping his promise, he finally returned it to Zhao intact. The article takes "Lin Xiangru's perfection, everyone calls it, and everyone believes it if he doesn't dare", which means that he disagrees. Then, starting with the analysis of the present situation of Qin and Zhao, it is pointed out that Zhao has many faults, and Lin Xiangru's successful return to Zhao is "a perfect day". Wang Shizhen's remarks are offensive, and all impure things are empty.
In the first paragraph of the article, the author thinks that "not everyone believes" Lin Xiangru's statement of "returning to Zhao intact". Cut to the chase and make no secret of it. Then, point out your own point of view and expand the full text. The whole story of "Full Return to Zhao" in Historical Records began with Qin's "Willing to invite Yi Bi with fifteen cities" and finally "Qin will not give Zhao Cheng, and Zhao will not give Qin Bi". On this basis, the author asserts that although Qin is strong and Zhao is weak, Qin is "affectionate and unwilling to see". In other words, Qin's original intention at that time was just to get Choi, and he did not intend to attack Zhao as an excuse. From the beginning, the author focused on the essence of the event, rather than entangled in the dazzling specific plot, and reached a convincing conclusion based on historical facts. However, the author did not demand the ancients in hindsight, but gave Zhao two choices about the truth and intention of Qin State. There are different reactions to Qin's threat: "fear" and "fear". In a word, paranoia is unreasonable; Everything is needed to convince people. Zhao's virtue and nothingness, fear and Fu Wei are beyond reproach. What the author wants to criticize is Lin Xiangru's contradictory practice of "being afraid and playing tricks on anger". In other words, no matter how brave Lin Xiangru is, he should not do something like "100,000 Wu Anjun people crush Handan". The author jumped out of the trap of looking at the overall situation of the individual to find the source of the original work, which is the eyes and ears of new readers.
In the third paragraph of the article, the author confusedly combines "virtue" and "fear" into four judgments, covering all possible situations of Zhao State, and convincingly draws the inevitable conclusion of the so-called "two words determine the ear"-"giving" or "giving". The premise of recognizing the author is to recognize his conclusion, which is the power of logic. In the third paragraph, all the authors, Lin Xiangru, drew up a speech to the King of Qin, which was powerful because it contained the dilemma of taking the city as a treasure to make people disgusted, deceiving Zhao not to give it to the city and breaking faith in the world. The only way for the king of Qin to get rid of this dilemma is to return the jade. This paper is less than 400 words, but it contains several strict logical reasoning. If outstanding historical knowledge is the main body of this article, then it is supported by powerful logic.
In the last paragraph of the article, in order not to make readers suspicious, the author used the saying that it was an act of God, implicitly saying that although Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao intact, it did not mean that what he did was correct, and the bad consequences did not happen, but just an accident. The ancients said, "Man proposes, God disposes", and the author used it here just the opposite.
Throughout the full text. The first sentence of the article reveals the main idea of the full text. "Everyone calls it" and "everyone who dares to give it believes" are put forward in opposition, which naturally leads to the following. The main part of the article is the second paragraph and the third paragraph. The author first discusses "emotion" and then analyzes "reason". In the aspect of affection, Qin and Zhao grasped the words "gain" and "fear" to explain Lin Xiangru's mistake of "being afraid of making him angry". When analyzing "Li", we should first break and then establish various concepts, and clearly distinguish the word "Qu" from the word "Zhi", thus proving the absurdity of "making people run away and return to Qin". The two levels of "emotion" and "reason" are successively significant, and the author's thinking is clearly visible.
Literary appreciation
The characteristics of China's ancient prose are well reflected in his On the Return of Lin Xiangru to Zhao. Prose is characterized by the combination of concise and refined language. The so-called "seeking simplicity" means fewer words and shorter space; The so-called "essence" means accurate language and incisive meaning. For example, the first sentence "Lin Xiangru's perfection, everyone shouted, not everyone believed." The combination of conciseness and conciseness in language succinctly published the author's argument. This article is a conviction-reversing article. The conviction article holds independent opposition, which is convincing because of its lofty knowledge. At the beginning of this article, we denied the well-known historical fact that Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao intact, so as to take a warning. Then, the article expounds the reasons for denying it from three aspects. The article first analyzes the real intention of winning the prize in the Qin Dynasty with the empty name of fifteen cities, and accuses Lin Xiangru of "being afraid of making him angry" and losing his wisdom. Then, the article focuses on Lin Xiangru's so-called theory of merit, which first made it clear that Qin and Zhao had "no merit", and then made suggestions for Lin Xiangru, pointing out that Lin Xiangru's "using force to control people" was "restoring Qin" and broke his promise to the people. Finally, the article analyzes the consequences of being a perfect match, whether it is the destruction of the country or the loss of interests. In this way, the article is step by step, thus forcing the conclusion of the full text: "Lin Xiangru's income is in jade and heaven." The "day" here refers to the objective situation at that time. At this point, the article can draw a conclusion. The author lists two things, namely "strong pool" and "soft Lian Po". On the surface, it has little to do with the above, but in the sentence "the more you get, the better you use it", it reflects the author's writing intention. The author thinks that Lin Xiangru's so-called "wisdom" and "courage" are not all about Zhao, but all about himself. What he did was nothing more than the tactics of the military strategist, and actually touched the essence of the military strategist. Therefore, the aftermath of the conclusion of this paper is by no means a dispensable continuation of the mink pen, and it has a particularly profound intention. In composition, it is necessary to combine scattered gathering with gathered gathering, order the subject and object, balance the palm potential, express the beauty of rhythm, know the density and scattered gathering, know the size and melody, control roundness, echo when opening and closing, and strive to follow the words naturally. Aesthetically speaking, it is a combination of practicality and aesthetics.