The style of this poem is strong, violent, and tense.
"Tiangu" is a poem in Guo Moruo's first collection of poems "Goddess", which was first published in Shanghai's "Current Affairs News·Xue Deng" on February 7, 1920.
Tengu is originally a thing in folklore. The ancients often called the lunar eclipse phenomenon "Tengu eats the moon". In one of his novels "Lunar Eclipse", the poet once wrote about the custom in his hometown of Sichuan countryside of beating bells and drums to drive away the heavenly dogs and rescue the sun and moon during the lunar eclipse:
"Every time when I was a child, When there is an eclipse of the sun or moon, it feels like some kind of disaster has happened. All the temples in the village have to ring bells and drums, and the adults also ask us to knock on the walls of our homes to make noise. After eating, the bells and drums are beaten to frighten away the heavenly dog ??and save the sun and the moon. This is a folk legend in our Sichuan countryside, and I am afraid it is a legend in China since ancient times. As far as I can remember. According to: "Zhou Li", "Di Guan" and "Drummer" to save the sun and moon, he ordered the king to use drums. The Chun Guan servants also praised the king's drums to save the sun and moon. The Qiu Guanting family also had a bow to save the sun and an arrow to save the moon. "Gu Liang Zhuan" also said that the emperor saved the sun with five soldiers and five drums, the princes had three soldiers and three drums, the officials struck the door, and the soldiers struck the watch. This shows that the custom of saving the sun and the moon has been very similar to this since ancient times. They said: There are two wolves in the sky, one is Hati and the other is Managuam. Hati eclipses the sun and Managuam eclipses the moon. The people make noises to drive them away. Two wolves rescued the sun and the moon."
Features
This poem fully reflects the romantic style of Guo Moruo's poetry.
1. The metaphor is novel and vivid. Tengu originally only existed in folklore, but poets used it as an idol to admire and praise. The image of the Tengu in the poem has become a symbol of the old times, old traditions, and rebels of the old world. It has become a symbol of the liberation of personality with unlimited energy and the creators of the new world, new society, and new future. The use of this metaphor not only vividly expresses the poet's strong desire to express his personality and pursue liberation, but also gives people a refreshing feeling in the poetic imagery. In addition, the poet compares "I" to "the light of X-rays" and "running like electricity", etc., which also reflect the characteristics of the era that advocated science at that time.
2. The imagination is bold and unique. The image of Tengu is very ambiguous in the legend, but in the poem, it is embodied as the image of a fully liberated individual "I" with unlimited energy. At one moment he swallowed up the moon, the sun, and all the planets. At another moment he became the light of the moon, the light of the sun, and the light of all the planets. At another moment he was running, screaming, burning, and was in the center of his nerves. Running up, down the spinal cord, and up in the brain all show the boldness and strangeness of the poet's imagination.
3. Emotions are unrestrained and passionate. The whole poem is written in the tone of "I". The poet uses the Tengu to describe himself, and expresses his inner pride through the Tengu's extraordinary power of swallowing up the universe. The poem is full of strong emotions from beginning to end and has a strong subjective color.
4. Pay attention to rhythm and rhythm. This poem is also very distinctive in terms of language form. The poet mostly uses short sentence patterns and combines them with refrains, parallelism and other techniques to create a strong melody, rapid and powerful rhythm, and a crushing and overwhelming sound. momentum. In addition, the language of the poem is free and generally rhymes, which shows that the poet attaches great importance to the sense of rhythm.
The poem "Tengu" has four stanzas. The first stanza uses "swallow" as the key word, showing the life characteristics of a "Tengu" absorbing all things in the world. Look at this Tengu, it swallowed up the sun, the moon, all the planets, and even the entire universe. After swallowing all these, it finally became itself, "I will It’s me.” Who is this "Tengu"? In fact, it was Guo Moruo himself. In the land of Japan, he feasted on the world's outstanding ideological and cultural delicacies. He "swallowed" Goethe, "swallowed" Nietzsche, and "swallowed" Copernicus and Darwin. After "swallowing" Spinoza, he became a modern man with rich thoughts and strong subjective consciousness. This "Tiangu" is not just Guo Moruo, he includes all the Chinese people in modern Chinese history who seek the truth to save the country and pursue modern knowledge and culture. He is Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo... Isn't China's modern thought and culture created by the joint efforts of this group of "Tiangu"?
In the second stanza of the poem, the "Tengu" that swallowed the entire universe begins to show its energy to the world. After it has swallowed up all the stars in the universe, it emits shining brilliance. This is not only macroscopic light: "the light of the sun", "the light of the moon", "the light of the planet"; it is also microscopic light: "X Light of light”. In short, it represents the place of all light, and it is the sum of the energy of the entire universe. If the first stanza of the poem is about the storage of energy, the second stanza is intended to describe the flash of vitality; the first stanza focuses on dynamic description, and the second stanza is a static portrait. Storage and flashing, dynamic and static, weave the image of a giant with a broad mind and infinite creative potential.
The third stanza is the most exciting part of this poem. The "Tengu" who has absorbed the essence of the sun and the moon and accumulated the energy of the entire universe, at this time, the subjective consciousness emerges lushly. He needs to surge, erupt, and fully display his vitality and creativity.
He then seemed like electricity, like the sea, like a blazing fire, running, roaring and burning crazily. Here, the poet wrote the image of a lyrical protagonist with a distinct subjective consciousness. This lyrical protagonist is exactly a "phoenix" after experiencing nirvana, which uses its "continuous destruction, continuous creation and continuous efforts" ( The extraordinary power of Guo Moruo's "Standing on the Earth and Broadcasting Numbers" shows to the world the vigorous youthful passion and strong desire to create of modern youth and modern cultural people. This passion and desire are so strong that the lyrical subject reaches an irrational level. degree. The experience and feeling of modernity have filled the inner space of this lyrical subject, making him completely forget about the objective existence of the external world. He only feels that he is lonely, independent and extremely powerful. There is only a capital "" on the display screen of the entire universe. I" is reflected. The Tengu who fell into irrationality took the capital "I" as the only object of destruction and transcendence. It peeled off the skin of "I", ate flesh, sucked blood, bitten the liver, and finally even had fun in "I"'s thinking world. , releasing endless vitality and passion, showing the free spirit of fully extending and expressing one's personality.
After a period of frantic running, roaring and burning, the "Tengu" returned again. In the calmness, it cried out in surprise, "I am me!" This magical Tengu, although It has been filled with infinite creativity, but has not found a suitable place to release it. It has objectified itself as a temporary vent target, but it cannot fully reveal its personal talents. Guo Moruo, the "Tiangu"-like poet, also Wandering in a foreign country, he was unable to return to his homeland in time to serve the country loyally, and he was unable to apply what he had learned to the actual construction of the motherland. Guo Moruo, as a poetry writer, and Tengu, as the lyrical protagonist, merge into one here. They both feel very clearly that their blood is gushing out, difficult to control, and may "explode" at any time. The last stanza responds to the first stanza of the poem, and ends with the line "My, I'm going to explode", which makes the whole poem full of tension and adds rich meaning.
(Zhang Deming)