Appreciation of Ruan Ji's "Eighty-two Poems about Huai" (I)! ! !

Editor's brief introduction Author: 1, life and character Ruan Ji, a writer and thinker in the Three Kingdoms Wei period. Word heir, Liu Chenwei (now Henan) people. His father Ruan Yu is one of the seven famous sons of Jian 'an. At that time, he and Ji Kang were called one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. I am proud of my appearance, my ambition is declining, I am proud of myself, I am willful and unruly, but my emotions are intangible. Or read a book behind closed doors and stay indoors for months; Or climb the scenery and forget to return after a day. Read a lot, especially ancient. Drinking can make sound and play the piano well. When he gets carried away, many people say he is stupid. ("Jin Shu? Biography of Ruan Ji) has been devoted to saving the world for a long time and belongs to Wei and Jin Dynasties. There are many reasons in the world and few celebrities know all the facts. The reason is nothing to do with the world, so drinking is common. Wendi (Si Mazhao) wanted to propose to Liang Wudi (Sima Yan) at first, but he was drunk for 60 days and couldn't stop. ("Jin Shu? Biography of Ruan Ji can also be blue eyes, and people who look at customs can look with white eyes. Ji Lai hanged himself, lost his eyes and retired with joy. I'm glad my brother Kang heard about it, but I prepared wine and made a piano. I was happy, but I saw my eyes. ("Jin Shu? Biography of Ruan Ji II. The representative work of Ruan Ji's creation is Eighty-two Poems about Love. These poems were written not at one time and one place, but for a lifetime, with the general title of "Yong Huai". Poetry expresses feelings, makes comments and writes ideals. His main works include 82 poems, which express inner anguish, expose the darkness of reality and are full of cynicism. Due to the political environment at that time, Huai Shi used metaphors, myths and legends in a large number, expressing his feelings in the mountains and rivers, expressing his feelings in the present and satirizing the present with the ancient. This poem is profound and obscure. Ruan Ji inherited the fine traditions of The Book of Songs, Chu Ci and Jian 'an literature, and made great contributions to the development of five-character poems. His prose "Biography of Mr. Adult" satirizes the hypocrisy and greed of secular mediocrity, and his writing is extremely spicy. There are books 13 volumes, which have been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Ruan Infantry Collection was compiled, and the neighbor wrote Ruan Infantry's Poems on Huai River. When appreciating Ruan Ji's poems, the editors used a lot of metaphors, myths and legends, lyricism with scenery, satirizing the present with the ancient, etc., and expressed the inner world of cynicism and depression in a tortuous and obscure way, forming a long and meaningful artistic style. Ruan Ji is the representative of "the beginning sound". His 82 poems "Yong Huai" are very famous lyrics. Some of these poems reflect the poet's infinite loneliness, pain and anger under the cover of all kinds of drunkenness and madness in a sinister political environment. Some poems show the poet's fear of political risks and hope to avoid the world. Some poems satirize the present by borrowing from the past, pinning their criticism or feelings on current politics, and showing the poet's concern for state affairs; There are also some poems that mock the affectation and hypocrisy of etiquette people. Generally speaking, Ruan Ji's poem "Yong Huai" takes "worrying but being sad alone" as the main tone, which has a strong lyrical color. In art, metaphor, sustenance, symbolism and other techniques are often used, forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation and sadness, obscurity and twists and turns". This is the first of Ruan Ji's 82 five-character Huaihe poems. Poetry expresses the poet's complex emotions such as anger, sadness, loneliness and anxiety. However, despite the poet's sigh of "sorrow alone", he never directly broke the "sorrow", but "directly quoted the situation to show people", and contained his own inner feelings in the image description. Leng Yue's cool breeze, lonely wilderness and sleepless nights have turned invisible "troubles" into intuitive images, as if they were in front of people's eyes and ears. Readers can feel the poet's lonely and angry mood from the "situational tone" shown in the poem. But that kind of "worry" is just an emotion, an experience and a feeling. People can appreciate the loneliness and bitterness contained in it, but it is difficult to grasp its specific content. The remarkable feature of this poem is that "words are heard in the sky, and feelings are sent outside the eight famine". In fact, if we can thoroughly understand Ruan Ji, this poem is not difficult to understand. Ruan Ji is in the political whirlpool of fierce struggle between Sima Shi and Cao Shi. The political situation is sinister, and in order to save himself, he has to be careful, empty and deal with it. Born in troubled times, Ruan Ji often used drunkenness to save himself in the complicated political struggle at that time. "I am sad." It shows the poet's loneliness, disappointment and melancholy. Ruan Ji "originally had the ambition to help the world and belonged to Wei and Jin Dynasties. There are many reasons in the world, and few celebrities have all the people. The reason is that they are isolated from the world, so drinking is common (Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin). Just as he was drunk for 60 days and made Wendi propose to Emperor Wu, and finally stopped talking (ditto), "binge drinking" was just a means for him to escape from reality, but his inner pain could not be removed. The description of "driving alone, not relying on the road, relying on the track and crying" in the history books is the profound expression of his painful heart. So this poem, as long as you look at his "loneliness" and "independence", it is not difficult to "winding path leads to a secluded place". At the beginning of this poem, the poet introduced the reader to a lonely and desolate night scene: "If you can't sleep at night, you sit up and play the piano", while the poet who "drinks heavily is a common thing" finds it difficult to sleep when all living beings are dreaming. He put on his clothes, sat up and played the strings to express his feelings. This is learned from the real scene. However, we might as well regard this "night" as the night of the times. In this long night, "everyone is drunk and I wake up alone", the great loner, played an epoch-making poem. "The British wind cuts Yun Ni and makes a strange sound" ("Sixty-one") Oh! These two poems are actually translated from Wang Jie's poem Seven Wounded Poems: "You can't sleep alone at night, but take clothes and play the piano." The poet further described the sleepless night. A Qing man Wu Qi said: "The word sword comes from the word thin ... there is only a thin curtain in the hall. ..... If the curtains in class are thin, you can miss the moonlight. Because of this, the wind seeped in and blew me up "("Conclusion of Selected Poems of the Six Dynasties "). Furthermore, we can also feel the poet's theme from the superficial meaning of this painting. The poet's description of the bright moon and the cool breeze set off his nobility. Writing "thin curtain" and "blowing my chest" is really chilling. Although this is not the romantic realm of Qu Zi's "going to Kunlun to eat jade", the spirit of being unique, dangerous and not being understood by the secular is the same. In five or six sentences, the poet focuses on the description from the perspective of vision and feeling. Five or six sentences not only further increase the images of "lonely rainbow" and "flying bird", but also add the sound of "horn" and "voice" to the picture. This wailing "lonely rainbow" and "flying bird" are not only the poet's eyes, the scene in front of him, but also the symbol of the poet's self. It flies alone in the long night, singing sad songs. "Northland Forest" refers to the Book of Songs, and refers to the morning breeze, which makes the northland forest overcast. If you don't see a gentleman, you will worry about Qin Qin "(Qin Feng Morning Wind), which implies the meaning of missing and caring. "Northland Forest" and "Outfield" together further constitute a desolate and cold realm. At the end of the two sentences, "What were you thinking when you were wandering? You are only sad when you are worried. "The poet's brushwork reverts from the nature of the object to the subjective self, just like Zhuang Zhoumeng's feeling about butterflies. His heart is full of emotion, but there is nowhere to tell. He may think a lot: "How generous a strong man is, and he is determined to conquer the Eight Wastes" ("Poets will never be comforted, only infinite worries, lonely wandering and eternal sorrow. Looking at the whole poem, it seems to be "chaotic and unprovoked" (in Shen Deqian) and "like a clear cloud coming out of a hole, the volume is uncertain" (in Wang Fuzhi's words), but if we grasp the theme of the poet's "sadness in the heart", we can understand that this "masterpiece" is spoken in the eyes and ears, and the feelings are sent to the table of eight shortages ".Zhong Rong's evaluation of Ruan Ji's poems in" Poems "is not correct. I can't sleep at night, get up, sit and play the piano, the moonlight shines on the thin curtains, the breeze blows my skirt and wails in the wild. What can I see when the birds hovering in Beilin are singing? Everything is a sad sight. It's late at night, but I still can't sleep (why on earth). Anyway, since I can't sleep, get up and play a tune to pour out my thoughts (Ruan Ji Dan Qin). How can that thin curtain block the green light of the bright moon! Alas, it's just that the night wind gently blows my skirt (the author's melancholy can be seen here). In that vast Yuan Ye, there came the cry of lonely geese (the author must be very lonely at the moment), and birds started singing in the northern Woods. Wandering in the yard for a long time, it seems that I didn't see anything. In fact, my own loneliness made me feel a little sad.