Hangzhou West Lake is located in the west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, in the center of Hangzhou. It is a famous lagoon, formerly known as Wulin Water, also known as Xizi Lake. The other three sides are surrounded by mountains, covering an area of about 6.5 square kilometers, with a length of about 3.2 kilometers from north to south and a width of about 2.8 kilometers from east to west, and the circumference around the lake is nearly 15 kilometers. The average depth of the West Lake is 2.27 meters, and the water capacity is about14.29 million cubic meters. The lake is divided by Gushan, Bai Causeway, Su Causeway and Yang Gongdi. According to the size of the area, it is divided into five water surfaces: Waixi Lake, Xili Lake (also known as "Houxi Lake" or "Houhu"), Beili Lake (also known as "Lixi Lake"), Hu Xiaonan (also known as "Nanhu Lake") and Yuehu Lake, of which Waixi Lake has the largest area. Gushan Mountain is the largest natural island in the West Lake. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway pass through the lake, and three artificial islands, Zhou Xiaoying, Hu Xinting and Ruan Gongdun, stand in the middle of the West Lake. The Leifeng Pagoda in Zhao Xi and the Baoyu Pagoda in Baoshi Mountain are separated by the lake, forming the basic pattern of "one mountain, two pagodas, three islands, three dikes and five lakes" [1] Speaking of the origin of the West Lake, there are many beautiful myths and legends and folk stories. Legend has it that a long time ago, Yulong and Jinfeng in the sky found a piece of white jade on Xiandao near the Milky Way. They pondered together for many years, and white jade became a bright pearl. Wherever this orb goes, trees are evergreen and flowers are in full bloom. However, when the orb was discovered by the Queen Mother, the Queen Mother sent heavenly soldiers to take it away. Yulong and Jinfeng hurried to get the orb, but the Queen Mother refused, so a fight broke out. Unexpectedly, when the Queen Mother's hand was suddenly released, the pearl fell to the earth and became a sparkling West Lake. Yulong and Jinfeng also descended to the world and became Yulong Mountain (Jade Emperor Mountain) and Phoenix Mountain, guarding the West Lake forever. In fact, West Lake is a lagoon. According to historical records, as far back as the Qin Dynasty, West Lake was still a bay connected with Qiantang River. Wu Shan and Baoshi Mountain, towering in the north and south of the West Lake, were two headlands that surrounded the cove at that time. Later, due to the influence of tides, sediment accumulated at two headlands and gradually became sandbars. Since then, the sandbar has expanded in three directions: east, south and north. Finally, Wu Shan and the sandbars of Baoshi Mountain are connected to form an alluvial plain, which separates the bay from Qiantang River, and the original bay becomes an inner lake, thus the West Lake was born.
Su Shi (Dongpo), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, chanted "I want to make the West Lake the Daming Lake in Zhejiang" in his famous poem "Drinking Chu Qing after the rain on the lake".
Compared with calligraphy, light makeup is always appropriate. After the eternal farewell, West Lake has the reputation of Xizi Lake. It was a peerless beauty of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with dozens of lakes named after West Lake in the world, only West Lake in Hangzhou deserves such a high reputation. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the West Lake was extremely prosperous and gorgeous. Jiangnan ruling group did not want to restore their homeland, but indulged in lakes, mountains and luxuries, spending money like water and reveling. So the West Lake is called "selling gold pot", which is very appropriate and very spicy.
1). The Ten Scenes of West Lake: formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, basically distributed around the West Lake, and some of them are located on the lake: Xiao Chun in Su Causeway, Feng He in Qu Yuan, Autumn Moon in Pinghu, Canxue in Broken Bridge, Wenying in Liulang, fish watching in Huagang, sunset in Leifeng, clouds inserted in the two peaks, midnight bell in Nanping and moon reflected in Santan. Together, the ten scenic spots of the West Lake can represent ancient times. (2) Ten Scenes of the New West Lake: 1985 was selected by Hangzhou citizens and the people of the whole country after repeated deliberation by the expert selection committee. They are: Yun Qi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Run Mooncherry, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Tobacco Tree, Wushan Tianfeng, Ruandun Huanbi, Huanglong Cui Tu, Huangyufeiyun and Gem Leave (3). Ten New Scenes of West Lake:
They are: Lingyin Zen, Liuhe Tingtao, Qixia of Yue Tomb, Sunny Rain by the Lake, Qiancibiao Middle School, Song Wan Academy, Di Yang Jingxing, Santai Yunshui, Meiwu Chunzao, and North Street Dreaming. West Lake Forest Attractions: Wu Yunqi, Yanxialing, Wuyun Mountain, Wengjiashan, Leshui Cave, Wu Shan City God Pavilion, Phoenix Mountain and Lion Peak. Liu Kangyi's "Legend of the Lakeside" Jinfeng Yulong picked fairy pulp and the beads fell into the clear water. Santan town takes the snakehead monster, and Liuhe holds the red sun. Shuang Hu rushes to the clear spring, and the other peak flies to protect the Buddhist temple. It is said that nine days is picturesque, how can it be comparable to the Qiantang River on earth?
Yishan
(Gushan) Gushan is located in the West Lake of Beiwai, with an altitude of 35 meters and an area of about 0.22 square kilometers. It's Qixia Mountain.
The branch of the beautiful scenery of the West Lake (10) is also the largest island in the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xian Chun's Annals of Lin 'an (Volume 23) said: "An island stands tall and has no attachment, which is the victory of lakes and mountains." Today, there are lush forests on the mountain, and many historical sites have been preserved. The east and west sides of Gushan are connected with the lakeshore by Bai Causeway and Xiling Bridge respectively, and there are many places of interest on the island. Therefore, people in Hangzhou call it "lonely mountain is not lonely", "I am alone", "bridges are broken constantly", "friendship is broken", "long bridges are not long" and "family ties are long". The main landscapes on the lonely mountain include Zhongshan Park, Zhejiang Museum, Wenlan Pavilion, Xiling Printing Factory, Hefangting, Qiujin Tomb, Lou Yu, Mucai Pavilion (Su Xiaoxiao Tomb) and so on. Sun Yat-sen Park was originally the royal garden of the Qing Dynasty, 1927. In memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the park was named "Zhongshan Palace"
Panorama of West Lake (5) Garden ". When the park enters the door, there are two big characters "Lonely Mountain" on the stone steps, among which there are no solitary characters. People guess it means "lonely mountain is not lonely". He Fangting, located in the northeast corner of Gushan Mountain, was built to commemorate Lin Bu, who was famous as a "wife crane" in Song Dynasty. Zhejiang Provincial Museum is located at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, with a collection of 65,438+10,000 cultural relics. Since 2004 1 free to the public. Wen Lan Pavilion is located in the northwest corner of Zhejiang Museum. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt to store the Sikuquanshu, imitating the format of the Wen Yuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Xiling Printing Society was founded at the southern foot of 1904 Gushan, named after Xiling Bridge. It is a famous stone carving, calligraphy and painting art group in modern China. There is also the Hang Cheng time-honored hotel "Louwailou" on the island, which is famous for cooking "West Lake Vinegar Fish" with grass carp caught alive in the West Lake.
Erdi
(Bai Causeway, Su Causeway) Bai Causeway starts from the Broken Bridge in the east, passes by the Golden Belt Bridge in the west, and meets the Gushan at the "Autumn Moon in Pinghu", which is about 1 km long. It was called Baishadi and Sandi in the Tang Dynasty, and it was also called Gushan Road and Shijintang in the Song and Ming Dynasties. In ancient times, Bai Causeway paved the ground with white sand, then changed to asphalt pavement, and planted green peaches and willows on both sides, which is the best viewing spot to enjoy the panoramic view of the West Lake and surrounding mountains. The Broken Bridge (see "Broken Bridge Canxue" for details) is located in the east of Bai Causeway. In the folk story Legend of the White Snake, Broken Bridge is the place where White Snake and Xu Xian meet, so it is the most famous bridge in the West Lake. The Golden Belt Bridge is located on the west side of the broken bridge, also known as Hanbi Bridge. Qing Yongzheng's Record of the West Lake Volume 8: "The old wooden frame of the Golden Belt Bridge is a beam, and the Emperor Saint Zuren (referring to Emperor Kangxi) is near the lonely mountain, and the royal ship turns to Lihu Lake." It was rebuilt in the third year of the Republic of China (19 14). 192 1 year, cement concrete arch coupons were added while the bridge was broken. The existing bridge is a stone arch bridge, with a length of 8. 1 m, a width of 8.6 m and a clear distance of 5.9 m. Su Causeway, formerly known as Su Gongdi, starts from Nanshan Road at the foot of Nanping Mountain in the south and reaches Yuewang Temple East in the north, crossing the lake. The dam is 2797 meters long and 30-40 meters wide. There are six stone arch bridges in Shang * * in Su Causeway, from south to north: Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu (according to textual research, it is suspected that it is the fault of Pu Shu) and Duhong. Xian Chun's Lin 'an Annals in the Southern Song Dynasty (Volume 33): "Now, Jun Lake was opened on Dongpo, and a long dike was built due to grass accumulation. From south to north, it crossed the lake for several miles, with flowers and willows planted in the middle and six bridges in the middle, which was destroyed by walkers ... In the next ten years, Lv Huiqing was the county commander. In the fifth year of Xianchun, the court gave money to the minister, saying that friends should be increased. ..... 20 feet high, 750 feet wide and 60 feet wide, with nine old pavilions on the embankment and hundreds of flowers and trees. " "A Brief Introduction to Lake and Mountain in Qing Dynasty" Volume III: "In the second year of Yongzheng, the country was built at the same time as Baisha Dike, and flowers and trees were planted in five years." "New Records of the West Lake" Volume 4: "Today, mulberry plants, the so-called Su Causeway willow, have been cut down." 1950 The dike body is raised and widened, and a trail along the lake is built with seats.
Yukio Mishima
(Zhou Xiaoying, Hu Xinting, Ruan Gongdun) Santan silver moon Scenic Area is located in the southwest waters of Waixi Lake, including Zhou Xiaoying and three gourd-shaped stone pagodas on its south side, which are famous for enjoying the moon and water gardens. Now the whole island covers an area of about 7 hectares, and the water surface accounts for 60%. Zhou Xiaoying was originally named Baoning Temple in Shui Xin, also known as Hu Xin Temple. It was a beautiful place to enjoy the moon on the lake in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its garden architecture and landscape layout were basically formed in the early18th century. In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli, Qiantang made Nie Xintang appear on the water conservancy road, built ridges around the beach, and became a lake in the lake, thinking it was a place of release. In 39 years, Yang Wanli continued to build the outer ridge, and in 48 years, the regulation was perfect. "Seen from the air, the whole island is like a huge Tian Zi, which constitutes the spectacle of' there is an island in the lake and a lake in the island'. Zhou Xiaoying is a typical water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The main attractions are Zhejiang Pantheon, Jiuqu Bridge, Nine Lions Stone, Wang Kaiting, Tingting, Bamboo Trail leading to a secluded spot and our soul mate pavilion. The Three Towers on the Lake were built in Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty for five years (1090). At that time, Su Shi was dredging the lake, and the location was different from now. According to the documents in the early Qing Dynasty, these three towers were built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The top of Shisan Tower is gourd-shaped, the tower body is spherical, 2 meters above the water surface, and it is hollow. Five small round holes are evenly distributed around the tower body, and the tower foundation is an oblate stone pedestal. The three towers are distributed in an equilateral triangle, and each side is 62 meters long. Hu Xin Pavilion Hu Xin Pavilion is located in the center of West Lake. Records of the west lake in Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, Volume 9: "The pavilion is in the middle of the whole lake. There are three pagodas outside the ancient temple in the middle of the lake. During the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty, temples and pagodas were destroyed. Nie Xintang's "County Records" said: There are three pagodas outside Hu Xin Temple, of which the South Pagoda is abandoned, and it is the North Pagoda Infrastructure Pavilion named Hu Xinting. Rebuild Desheng Temple at the base of the old temple and release it. Accordingly, the old Hu Xin Temple is today's release pond, and today's Hu Xinting is the base of the three pagodas. "Three Volumes of Hushan Essays: Ming Dynasty" Xu Ting reconstructed nudity according to a four-year investigation in Wanli, which was called "too empty". Li Jian Sun Long is surrounded by stones and pavilions, but they are collectively called' the pavilion in the middle of the lake'. The national dynasty was renovated on a large scale, and railings were carved on the left and right wings and the floor above ... "In the twenty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong wrote the book" Bright and Clean Middle Edge ". After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the former site of Xiqing Pavilion was converted into the Temple of Wealth and Guanyin Hall. 1980, the island was engraved with the stone tablet "Insect" (the middle part of the traditional Chinese word "wind"), which means "boundless wind and moon". Ruan Gongdun Ruan Gongdun is located in the west of West Lake, and the pavilion is in the middle of the lake. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), when Ruan Yuan, the governor of Zhejiang, dredged the West Lake, he piled up dredged silt into islands, commonly known as "soft beaches". The island is 34 meters long from north to south and 33 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 0.57 hectares. For a long time, there are no buildings on the island, and the trees are overgrown with weeds, which has become the habitat of migratory birds. When the West Lake was dredged during the period of 1952- 1958, riprap was added around the island, and the area was slightly widened. 1977 Embankment was built around the island, which expanded the area again and filled with foreign soil. 198 1 year, more than 1000 tons of soil was added to the island, and a "small building with a green garden" was built. There are buildings such as Yiyun Pavilion (Ruan Yuanhao's "Yuntai") and Yunshuiju on the island. 1982, the first fishing area of West Lake is opened on the island, where tourists can enjoy tea and fish. Since 1984, the antique tour around Bizhuang has been held on the island, which is very popular in the West Lake night tour.
There are many poems describing the West Lake through the ages, such as Dawn from Jingci Temple to Linzifang by Song and Yang Wanli, "The lotus leaves are infinitely colorful and the lotus flowers are of different colors." It can also be said that it is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.