Introduction 1.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty was also an outstanding poet in the Five Dynasties. The word shigemitsu, the first name from Jia, number Zhong Yin. Xuzhou (now Jiangsu) people, said Huzhou (now Zhejiang) people. The sixth son of Yuan Zong Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Song Jianlong succeeded to the throne in the second year (961). In the eighth year of Kaibao, the country broke the Song Dynasty, and was captured to Bianjing, where he was made a general and disobeyed orders. Later poisoned by Song Taizong. Although Li Yu is incompetent in politics, his artistic talent is extraordinary. Li Yugong has certain attainments in calligraphy, painting, fine melody, poetry and writing, especially in ci. There are about 32 existing Li Yu's ci poems, which can be divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, mainly to reflect court life and love between men and women, with narrow themes; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu's memory of the past was full of his own feelings because of the deep pain of national subjugation, and the achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period. Among them, masterpieces including Young Beauty, Langtaosha, and Black Night Cry were all made at this time. Most of the ci poems in this period are sad and sad, mainly describing the scene of looking far away from the fence and returning to the dream, and expressing the infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past" Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China's Ci, and has a great influence on later generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but through the concrete and sensible personality image, he reflected a certain artistic conception with general significance in real life, which pushed forward the creation of ci and expanded the field of expression of ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, ci, books and paintings. His ci is mainly collected in Two Main Ci Poems of Southern Tang Dynasty. Time in office (961-975).
Introduction II.
In the history of China's poetry, people like Wen Tingyun, Wei Zhuang and Feng Yansi can all be regarded as outstanding pronouns in the Tang and Five Dynasties, and their literary achievements are obvious to all. However, as a master of Ci, Li Houzhu, a poet of the tragic emperor, is the only one.
Li Yu, the late master, was named Congjia at first. His nicknames are Zhong Yin, Zhongshan Hermit, Zhong Feng Hermit, Zhong Feng Bailian Jushi, etc. He is the sixth son of Lord Li Jing. He was gifted in Minhui, and his appearance was outstanding. He was "rich in forehead and teeth, with a heavy pupil". It is said that Emperor Shun was a heavy pupil, so everyone with a heavy pupil was an emperor's image. The late master was good at calligraphy and painting, proficient in temperament and sentimental. He was born at a time of political chaos in China, which was called Five Dynasties and Ten Countries in history. In the Central Plains area, the orthodoxy of the Tang Dynasty was inherited by the Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Wu Dynasties, and around the periphery, it was the Ten Kingdoms.
when Zhu Quanzhong usurped the Tang dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, he changed his title to Liang, and Yang Xingmi, the Huainan provincial envoy of the Tang dynasty, also proclaimed himself emperor according to Yangzhou, with the title of Wu. Yang Xingmi succeeded his second son, Yang Wei, but the power fell to Xu Wen. Xu died, inherited by his adopted son Xu Zhipatent, but he usurped Wu Zili, established Jinling as its capital, and changed his name to Dr.. Dr is the grandfather of the deceased.
Li Jing, the father of the late Lord, was a man with "brilliant spirit" and "elegant appearance". He had little interest in politics. He had planned to build a study under the Lushan Waterfall as a hermit, but he didn't expect it to happen. He succeeded to the throne in the fifth year of Sheng Yuan. He is a very literate monarch in literature and art, and his palace contains a wealth of Mo Bao classics. Li Houzhu grew up in such an environment, imperceptibly, and finally created a colorful artistic atmosphere.
Li Yu is incompetent in politics, but his artistic talent is extraordinary. Li Yugong has certain attainments in calligraphy, painting, fine melody, poetry and writing, especially in ci. There are about 32 existing Li Yu's ci poems, which can be divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, mainly to reflect court life and love between men and women, with narrow themes; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu's memory of the past was full of his own feelings because of the deep pain of national subjugation, and the achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period. Among them, masterpieces including Young Beauty, Langtaosha, and Black Night Cry were all made at this time. Most of the ci poems in this period are sad and sad, mainly describing the scene of looking far away from the fence and returning to the dream, and expressing the infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past" Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China's Ci, and has a great influence on later generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but through the concrete and sensible personality image, he reflected a certain artistic conception with general significance in real life, which pushed forward the creation of ci and expanded the field of expression of ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, ci, books and paintings. His ci is mainly collected in Two Main Ci Poems of Southern Tang Dynasty. Time in office (961-975).
Volume 8_5 On September 1th, I wrote an occasional book about Li Yu
When I woke up in the rain and autumn, I felt uneasy. Yellow flowers can't be beautiful in the cold, and
the red leaves are beating against the drums. Back to the world, I can be disgusted with vulgarity, and I have not forgotten my affection.
since my temples are white, I am surprised not to learn from An Ren.
Volume 8_6 Autumn Warbler Li Yu
The remnant warbler knows nothing about autumn, but she still swims alone across the secluded forest. The old tongue leans its ears in every way, and
a little darker yellow enters the smoke stream. Living late, sharing the same sorrow with Lu, clear and bright as sheng, broken in the ground.
Mo Geng stayed to go home, showing his sadness and sorrow.
Volume 8_7 starts with Li Yu, the wall of the mountain house
When the mountain house is first ill, it is light at first sight, and the brown stick towel is called leisure. When the furnace is turned on, the fire will warm up deeply, and
the ditch will draw a new stream. For the time being, Peng Juan' an is rotten, and in the end, Zongyuan asks that there is no life.
who can be tired of serving in the dust, greedy for fish and dragons to build a strong name.
Volume 8_8 sent Deng Wang's twenty brothers from Yimu Xuancheng to Li Yu
, and it was even slower to take care of them, so I was reluctant to take them away. The waves invade the sorrow, and the light ripples.
The chaotic mountains congeal and hate the color. What is your passion? I'm going west on a dry day.
There are many places near the river, so there is no need to embrace sadness.
Volume 8_9 Crossing the Zhongjiang River and Looking at Shicheng, Li Yu wept
Jiangnan Jiangbei's old hometown has been a dream for 3 years. Today, Wuyuan Palace is neglected, and
Guangling Taidian is desolate. There are thousands of pieces of sorrow in the cloud cage, and tears flow when the rain hits the boat.
there are four brothers with 3 people, so it's hard to sit around and think about it.
Volume 8_1 Elegy of Li Yu
The pearls break the treasures in front of the eyes, and the flowers wither in the world. I didn't hate it in my heart, but I lost my palm.
jade barnyard grass is still a residual medicine, and the incense has been stained with dust. Before mourning, you will feel later, and there is no tears to touch the towel.
the beauty is the same as the fragrant trees, and the floating dangerous roads are slightly the same. It is sad to implement the spring, but it is also bitter and rainy.
where's the beauty now? it's gone. There is no place to ask, and it takes a thousand years to thank the east wind.
Volume 8_11 Mourning Poem for Li Yu
It's hard to get rid of it forever, and I feel lonely and painful. The rain is silent in late autumn, and worry leads to an increase in illness.
think before swallowing the wind, and spend your time blindfolded. The empty king should miss me, and the poor son is lost at home.
Volume 8_12 Feeling for Li Yu
Seeing the old branches of tung flowers again, the first floor is misty and rainy.
If you are sad, you won't feel sad.
there is no more charming posture in the layered city, and the festive season is full of sorrow.
There is an old smoky moon in those days, and moths are crying in Furong City.
Volume 8_13 Plum Blossom Li Yu
Diligently transplanted, with a small bar on the curved sill. * * * about heavy fang day, also worry not sheng yan.
stop the wind and open the way, and irrigate the cold spring by the moon. Unexpectedly, before and after the flower, the moth eyebrows are not complete.
References: Baidu knows
Li Yu-a poet who became a poet after the national subjugation
versatile
Li Yu was the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, with a heavy word, and his first name was Congjia, and he was named Zhongshan hermit, Zhong Feng recluse, Lianfeng layman and Zhong Feng. He was the sixth son of the Lord in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and was called Li Houzhu in history. His grandfather was Li Yang, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Li Yu was different from others since he was a child, especially in his appearance, his forehead and teeth, and his eyes were heavy. According to physiognomists, he was very rich. Li Yu is versatile, not only outstanding in writing, but also good at calligraphy and painting, and has a deep attainments. Plus, he is kind, so he is loved by everyone. According to the general order, he didn't have a chance to be an emperor, but his five brothers all died young, so Li Yucai was named the king of Wu, became a prince and became the heir to the throne.
a few years before Li Yu succeeded to the throne, the national power of the Southern Tang Dynasty went into decline. His father finally ceded the territory of Jiangbei in the face of the powerful offensive of the later Zhou Dynasty, and the Southern Tang Dynasty and the latter Zhou Dynasty confronted each other across the Yangtze River. However, in the face of the strong development momentum of the latter Zhou Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty just obeyed the fate and was unable to save the defeat.
The young emperor had no strategy
After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu's father moved the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty to Nanchang and established Nandu. He and the civil and military ministers moved there, leaving Prince Li Yu in Jinling. A few months later, Li Yu's father died of illness, and Li Yu officially succeeded to the throne at the age of 25. Li Yu believed in Buddhism so much that he was used by the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Yu used the money in the palace to recruit monks, and there were as many as ten thousand monks in Jinling. After Li Yu retired from the DPRK, he and the queen put on monk's clothes and read scriptures. The monk committed a crime, and instead of punishing him according to law, he was asked to recite the Buddha and then be pardoned. After the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty heard about it, he selected a articulate, intelligent and eloquent teenager, and went to Li Houzhu to discuss life and life with him. Li Houzhu believed it and thought it was a rare real Buddha. Since then, he has paid little attention to governing the country and keeping the country safe and the border guards, but has been chanting Buddha all day.
Li Yu is essentially a scholar and a talented poet. He is very interesting and pays attention to luxury and ostentation. His calligraphy, painting and articles are excellent. In short, he is an excellent scholar. But in the emperor's seat, he didn't have the heroic spirit and ambition of unifying the world like the emperor, especially Zhou Shizong, so he was not interested in military affairs. Even if a general mentioned it, he tried to suppress it. Lin Renzhao, who stayed in Nandu, said that he was willing to lead tens of thousands of people to the north and recover the old land. Lin Renzhao also drew up an excuse for Li Yu: when he started to fight, Li Yu sent a message saying that Lin Renzhao had defected, so that the Song Dynasty would know that in the future, if things were successful, it would be the country, and if they failed, they would kill his family, and Li Yu would not have to bear any responsibility. Just like this, Li Yu has thought of a good excuse plan, and he didn't agree. He only knew how to read Buddha, add words, lead a drunken life and wait for the arrival of death. He didn't dare to engage in war with the north in the second week, even wuyue, which is weak in the east. Lu Jiang once said to him, "wuyue is our enemy, and he will definitely attack us with the Song Dynasty in the future and be his accomplice. We should kill him first to avoid future troubles." Li Yu said, "wuyue is a vassal of the Northern Dynasty. How can it act rashly and send troops to attack?" Lu Jiang said: "I ask your majesty to denounce it in the name of territorial rebellion, and then beg wuyue for reinforcements. When their reinforcements arrive, your majesty will send troops to stop it, and then I will lead the troops to sneak attack and destroy wuyue in one fell swoop." Li Yu simply won't listen. The ministers of civil and military affairs had to wait with him for the Northern Song army to clean up the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Degrade and seek stability
After the Southern Han Dynasty was destroyed in the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu was extremely frightened. He presented it to Song Taizu, changed the Tang Kingdom to be the king of the south of the Yangtze River, and then degraded the political power himself. His book was not called imperial edict, but was renamed religion, and the central administrative agency also changed its name, such as Shangshu Province.
Although I don't like overhauling my military equipment or going north, Li Yu's ci has made great achievements. His father was very talented, and his words were well added. Under the influence of his father and the rich cultural environment at that time, Li Yu's words rose to a new height. In addition, Feng Yansi, his favorite minister, was also good at adding ci, and learned skills between monarch and minister, and finally finished the territory study, but the achievements of ci occupied a very important position in the history of ancient China literature. To sum up Li Yu's ci, we can find a rule, that is, it is divided into three stages. The first is to describe the luxury and affairs in the palace, the second is to reflect the extremely sad mood, and the third is to write words that reflect the feelings of national subjugation when he was under house arrest after national subjugation. This is the highest achievement of Li Yu's ci, but he died in a short time.
Among the words describing the luxurious life of the court, The Jade House Spring is a masterpiece: the dawn of makeup is bright and the flowers in the spring palace are filed. The sound of the wind and the flute broke the water and the clouds were idle, and the song "Nishang" was rushed all over. Who is more fragrant in the breeze? Drunk patting the railing is not cut. Don't put the candle flowers red when you return, and wait until you step on the horseshoe to clear jathyapple.
There is also a song called "Huanxisha", in which the red sun is 3 feet high, and the golden furnace adds fragrance to the beast, and the red brocade lichen crepes with the pace. Beautiful women dance with golden hairpin, smell the flowers when the wine is bad, and smell the flute and drum in other halls.
As the monarch of a country, Li Yu has also implemented some benevolent measures to reduce taxes and relax penalties, which should be affirmed. However, he did not make progress in the face of strong enemies and actively prepared for the enemy. Instead, he drowned his sorrows by drinking and allowed the country to decline. The big historical situation is one of the reasons, but it is human-made. As long as he works hard, everything will always improve. Later, when the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to attack, Nantang was able to resist for more than a year, which showed that after a long period of economic development, the country still had great strength. If Li Yu made great efforts like the post-Zhou Shizong, Nantang would not have resisted the painful ending of falling into a country and being captured after only one year.
Li Yu didn't make great efforts, but used wine to drown her sorrows. However, the level of words written under this true emotion is still very high. The representative word in this respect is "Qing Ping Le": Don't come in the middle of spring, it's heartbreaking. The order of the fall may be like the Pfister of the snow, brush it away, and the flow down a full. The swan goose has flown back, and the journey is far away, and the dream is hard to form. The sorrow of parting is like the weed of spring, and the farther it goes, the more it is.
There is also a song "Meeting Huan": Going to the West Building alone without words, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the deep courtyard in the clear autumn. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, is to leave sorrow, especially a taste in my heart.
Although wine can temporarily wash away the sorrow, it is impossible to wash away the army in the Northern Song Dynasty with a few pots of wine, and the bad luck has finally come. In the autumn of the seventh year of Kaibao (AD 974), Zhao Kuangyin sent messengers to invite Li Yu to Kaifeng. Li Yu knew that if he went, he would never come back, so he said he was sick and didn't go. Soon, in winter, Zhao Kuangyin's army crossed the Yangtze River and surrounded Jinling. When the front-line soldiers fought to the death, Li Yu also wrote a word "Linjiang Fairy" in the palace: the cherry leaves in the spring, the butterfly flies over the light powder, the son-in-law cries at the west of the small building, and the jade hook hangs down. Don't lane lonely people scattered, looking at the residual tobacco downturn. The incense of the stove is idle, and the phoenix is empty. Looking back, I hate Yiyi.
It is said that Song Jun captured Jinling before the word was finished, and the last three sentences were added later. In the twelfth lunar month, Li Yu became a prisoner of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, he was escorted to Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin didn't kill Li Yu, because he was once a courtier to Song. Instead, he was given a disobedience. In fact, he was a veritable conquered people and conquered people who enjoyed advanced treatment.
Li Yu became a poet after the national subjugation
Unfortunately, the deceased country was lucky enough to become a poet
When he became a prisoner, Li Yu's life changed dramatically. Although he had no worries about food and drink, his identity was different after all, and he could not live and enjoy as he pleased. Coupled with the pain of national subjugation, all these personal experiences were integrated into Li Yu's poems, which gave birth to the most touching in the history of ci. There are three most representative words in this respect.
the first is "Yu Meiren": When is the spring flower and the autumn moon? How much is known about the past! The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the moon and the Ming Dynasty. Carved fences and jade bricks should be especially good, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sorrow can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward.
the second is "the order of scouring the sand": the rain outside the curtain is gurgling and the spring is fading. Luo Zhou can't stand the cold. I don't know if I'm a guest in my dream, but I'm greedy and happy all day! Alone, don't rely on the fence, unlimited mountains and rivers! It's easier to see when it's not. The flowing water is gone, and the spring is gone, heaven and earth!