there is no way for mountains and rivers to return to doubt, and there is another village.
The flute and drum are close to the Spring Club, and their clothes are simple and antique.
from now on, if you take a leisurely ride on the moon, you will knock on the door with a stick all night.
Lu You was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He worked hard all his life and wrote an amazing number of poems. According to him, "ten thousand poems in sixty years." Up to now, more than 9,3 poems of Jiannan have been preserved, ranking first among the two Song poets. The main content of these unique poems is just as Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in the Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty: "On the one hand, people are indignant, and they want to avenge the country, restore the lost territory and liberate the occupied people; On the one hand, it is leisurely and delicate, chewing out the deep and eternal taste of daily life and ironing out the twists and turns of the current scene. " The content described in this song "A Tour of Shanxi Village" belongs to the latter.
This unique poem was written in the early spring of 1167, the third year of Song Xiaozong's main road. At that time, Lu You was retiring from office and living at home. A year ago, Lu You actively supported the Northern Expedition of Zhang Jun, the general who fought against gold in the second year of Longxing (1164). After Fu Li's defeat, he was also pushed out by the landlords and capitulationists in the imperial court. On the charge of "urging Zhang Jun to fight", he was sentenced from Longxing House (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) to be dismissed from office and returned to Li. Lu You's feelings when he returned to his hometown were quite complicated, with anguish and anger intertwined, but he was not disheartened. The patriotic sentiment of "Generosity is still strong" (Wen Yu) made him feel hope and light in rural life, and poured this feeling into his poetry creation.
This poem is entitled "Traveling to Shanxi Village". According to the second poem of "Youqi" in volume 32 of "Jiannan Poetry Draft", it is self-explanatory: "The main road (in the second year) began to inhabit the three mountains of Jinghu Lake." This place is a typical small village in the south of the Yangtze River, about nine miles south of Shaoxing, and its place name is Xicun. Here, the beautiful environment with beautiful mountains and clear waters has certainly aroused the poet's interest, and the excellent poems written in ancient times about rural life have cultivated the poet's soul. Tao Yuanming, who is famous for initiating the pastoral school, once inspired the poet by describing the true scenery in his poem "Returning to the Pastoral Residence". Meng Haoran, a poet who was good at singing landscapes and idylls in the Tang Dynasty, wrote his masterpiece "Passing the Old Man's Village", which brought the poet a feeling of pure beauty in peace. These are all beneficial nutrients that Lu You learned from his poetry creation. Let's read The Village of Old Friends first:
preparing me chicken and rice, old friend, you entertain me at your farm. The green woods were around the village, and the green hills lay outside the city. Open the window and face the valley vegetable garden, hand over the glass to chat about the crops. When the ninth festival comes, please come here to see the chrysanthemum.
Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Village" and Lu You's "Visiting Shanxi Village" are both about rural scenery, but their artistic ideas are different. The former mainly writes about the immediate scene of "you entertain me at your farm", while the latter focuses on what you saw and heard in the village. Therefore, when we appreciate Lu You's poem, we must firmly buckle the word "you" in the title of the poem, so as to grasp the context of the poem and appreciate the poet's unique artistic ingenuity.
Fang Dongshu in the Qing Dynasty said in Volume 2 of Zhao Wei Zhan Yan that Lu You's first seven laws "started with a visit to the village, and Xu Yan's secluded situation and beautiful customs are willing to make frequent appointments". Judging from the structure of the poem, this is in line with reality. The poet uses concise brushstrokes to spread the whole article around the word "you", which not only writes clearly, but also outlines a bright and beautiful rural scenery map in the south of the Yangtze River.
"Don't laugh at the farmer's wine and wine, and keep enough chickens and dolphins in good years (tún)". At first glance, it seems dull, just like "preparing me chicken and rice, old friend, you entertain me at your farm", as if it were an ordinary note, effortless. However, from the first sentence here, the poet wrote that he had visited the village and suddenly came to the farmhouse. The host warmly stayed the guests, rendering the happy atmosphere after the bumper harvest of the farmhouse, which made a powerful foreshadowing for the following travel and lyricism. "Lajiu" refers to rice wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month (December of the lunar calendar). This is a gratifying sight after the bumper harvest of rice. After drinking in the spring, wax wine looks a little cloudy, but it has the mellow beauty of famous wine. What's more, the farmer's host is so hospitable and has a rich meal! Dolphin, refers to the pig, here "full of chicken and dolphin" is to describe the extremely rich dishes that farmers entertain guests.
"There is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and there is another village." This is a well-known sentence. Its beauty lies not only in its skillful description of difficult scenes and antithesis, but also in its "language becomes magnificent when it is idle", which is natural, philosophical and chewy. Taking this natural scene into poems has long been described by poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei's "Shimen Jingshe in Lantian Mountain": "I love Yunmu Xiu from afar, but my first suspicion is different; An Zhiqing turned around and suddenly connected with Qianshan. " In the hands of poets in the Song Dynasty, it was also described, such as Wang Anshi's On the River: "There is no road around the green hills, but suddenly Qian Fan looms". There is also Qiang Yanwen, a poet whose age is close to that of Lu You. His poems have the charm of the Tang Dynasty, and he once wrote the poem "There is no road at first sight in the distant mountains, and there is a village gradually in the winding path" <; sup> ①< /sup> . But in the development of artistic conception, it can be said that these poems are far inferior to Lu You. Through the word "doubt", the above sentence depicts the feeling of being lost in Xuxingshan Village and the surrounding mountains overlapping and running water lingering. The next sentence is a continuation of the beautiful spring scenery that you can see when you walk around. In this way, the image of feeling and the image of vision are organically combined to form a beautiful, moving and wonderful picture. Poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties commented on these two sentences: "Like a projectile, it is not only good at writing difficult scenes." This evaluation is insightful. This couplet is not only extremely natural, but also shallow and rich in meaning; It seems easy, but unexpected. Therefore, it has been widely loved by people for thousands of years, and now it has become a widely circulated idiom. When people recite these two poems, they not only appreciate the indescribable beautiful natural scenery of the mountain village, but also realize the enlightenment of its philosophical thought-as long as people face up to reality, face many difficulties and obstacles, don't shrink back, don't be afraid, dare to open up and forge ahead, then the front will be a brand-new realm full of light and hope.
"Xiao and drum follow the Spring Club, and their clothes are simple and ancient.". Poetry changed from scenery description to lyricism, and from scenery outside the village to feelings inside the village. "Spring Club" is a custom in ancient China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Yuanliang's "Guang Ji at the Age of Years" said that "the last five days of beginning of spring were the Spring Festival Society". That is, the fifth day in beginning of spring is Spring Festival Society Day. When this day comes, the sound of flute and drum playing in the village resounds through the sky, filled with a festive atmosphere. Villagers also have to offer sacrifices to the land gods to pray for a bumper harvest in farming. This simple ancient custom was still very popular in the rural areas of Jiangnan at that time. The poem not only reflects the farmers' desire for a bumper harvest, but also expresses the poet's sincere feelings of loving rural life.
"from now on, if you take a leisurely ride on the moon, you will knock on the door with a stick all night." This is the summary of the whole poem, and it is also the expression of the mood of roaming in the mountain village. How does it feel to visit the village? The charming scenery of the mountain village and the simple and pure beauty of the village customs left a beautiful and unforgettable impression on the poet. What about the future? The poem ends with the feeling of frequent night trips, and the aftertaste is endless. If the ending of Meng Haoran's poem "wait till the Mountain Holiday, I am coming again in chrysanthemum time" is very straightforward, then the ending of Lu You's poem is more tactful with a pen. The poet confides that if there is an opportunity to go out on a moonlit night in the future, I will knock on the door at any time with a cane to talk. This conclusion points out the theme of the poem about visiting the village, and "knocking at the door at night" echoes the first sentence "peasant" at a distance, which is not only complete, but also more intriguing.
This poem, which describes the daily life of the rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River, has a common theme, but the difference is that it is novel and ingenious in conception, simple in description, and naturally interesting without smearing words. The poet sticks to the word "you" in the poem, but does not describe the process of visiting the village in detail. Instead, he cuts out the fragments of the experience of visiting the village and reflects it through a level of depiction in each couplet. The first poet traveled to the farmhouse, the second wrote about the scenery outside the village, copied the events in the village, and the last wrote about frequent night trips. Although the writing has its own emphasis, it runs through the village and harmoniously unifies the beautiful natural scenery of the mountain village and the simple villagers' customs in a complete picture, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception and