Qu Ping (about 340 BC-about 278 BC) was originally named Qu Yuan; Last name is Qu. At the end of the Warring States Period, a native of Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) was a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong. Although Qu Yuan was loyal to Chu Huaiwang, he was repeatedly rejected. After the death of King Huai, Xiang Wang was exiled because he listened to slanderers, and finally died in the Miluo River. Qu Yuan is one of the greatest romantic poets in China, and also the earliest known famous poet and world cultural celebrity in China. He initiated the style of "Chu Ci" and the tradition of "vanilla beauty". His representative works include Li Sao and Nine Songs.
Qu Yuan was a great poet and politician in the Warring States Period. His lofty patriotism and selfless fighting spirit are his personality characteristics. He loves the motherland and people, and sincerely hopes that Chu will become strong and realize the great cause of reunifying China. The image of Qu Yuan is a great patriotic image. He is the ideal of the people, the embodiment of light and justice, and the soul of the Chinese nation. His noble political sentiments and ideals, tenacious will to struggle, strong integrity and character have saturated the great and long-standing historical spirit of our nation, showing the infinite strength of the nation, and also showing the author's strong revolutionary style of love, hate and fighting.
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Sima Qian (BC 145-87) made Historical Records the first biographical general history in China history, which had a great influence on later generations and was praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and a poem without rhyme was beautiful". Sima Qian only wrote historical records all his life, and his father, Sima Tan, was Taishiling (equivalent to the post of director of the National Library now). Sima Qian lived a poor life in his hometown in his early years. In the sixth year of Jianyuan, after Dou Taihou's death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stopped at Huang Lao's words, and was punished by hundreds of people, thus re-launching the respect for Confucianism. This is the famous "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". In the second year of Yuan Shuo in Han Dynasty, Sima Qian moved from xia yang to Chang 'an, and then moved to Beijing with his family, learning Shangshu from Kong Anguo and Chunqiu from Dong Zhongshu. Then he inherited his father's career and became a Taishiling. In BC 104, Sima Qian presided over the revision of the calendar, and at the same time officially began to write Taishi Gongshu. In the second year of Tian Han (99 BC), he pleaded for Li Ling who surrendered to the Huns because of the "Li Ling incident", so he bluntly angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and thought that he was defending Li Ling, so he went to prison. In prison, Sima Qian worked hard for self-improvement, endured unbearable pain and continued to write historical records. After Sima Qian was released from prison, he served as a secretariat official, continued to write books with indignation, and finally completed the Historical Records in 9 1 BC. In 87 BC, Sima Qian died at the age of 56. The cause of Sima Qian's death is still an unsolved mystery because it is not clearly recorded in historical materials.
If Sima Qian insists on the spirit of "recording", he must face the reality and record it, which will inevitably lead to the problem of "taboo". However, when he wrote biographies for characters, he did not stick to the conventions of traditional historical books, but recorded his own thoughts and feelings about historical facts. From the supreme emperor to the nobility, to the ministers, to the local governors, etc., Sima Qian will certainly not obliterate their magical brilliance, but what is outstanding is to expose their decadent ugliness and exploitation and oppression of the people. In particular, it exposed the evils of the ruling class in the Han Dynasty. Although he was a courtier of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian did not hide his fault at all. He profoundly exposed and criticized the falsehood of the activities of worshipping ancestors and visiting immortals that prevailed at that time. In the book Enchanting Zen, he vividly described the absurd and boring behavior of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who was superstitious about immortals and tried his best to pray for elixir. Sima Qian wanted to provide historical reference for feudal rulers, which reflected the real history and was very valuable. In the spirit of record, Sima Qian chose characters not according to his official position or social status, but according to his actual behavior. For example, he wrote many biographies of low-level people such as forest rangers, businessmen, doctors and advocates for Excellence. In Sima Qian's mind, these people all have merits. Sima Qian initiated a writing method that always tells a person's life story. Paying attention to "being a man" and its complexity is Sima Qian's brushwork. In his biography, he put his point of view in an objective factual narrative and expressed his love-hate attitude towards the characters. Take Xiang Yu as an example. Sima Qian sympathized with him and wrote this failed hero with great enthusiasm. He not only praised Xiang Yu's bravery, but also criticized his lack of ambition and cruelty. However, in Biography of Xiang Yu, Sima Qian did not comment on it, but his love and hate for Xiang Yu were fully revealed in the narrative. This is the greatest feature of Sima Qian's biography, that is, the unity of authenticity and tendency.
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Mao Zedong: A great Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, strategist and theorist, the main founder and leader of the Chinese Production Party, the People's Liberation Army of China and People's Republic of China (PRC). Hunan Xiangtan people.
In foreign policy, he put forward the "Three Worlds" strategy and the important thought that China will never seek hegemony, and began to open up a new situation in foreign work, creating favorable international conditions for China's modernization. Although Mao Zedong made serious mistakes in his later years, as far as his life is concerned, his contribution to the China Revolution is indisputable, far greater than his mistakes. His contribution is the first, and his mistakes are the second. He is still revered by the people of China. Five years after his death, the China * * * Production Party made a comprehensive evaluation of all his revolutionary activities and revolutionary thoughts in the form of a resolution of the Central Committee. As the development of Marxism in China, Mao Zedong Thought is still the guiding ideology of our party. His main works are included in Selected Works of Mao Zedong (four volumes) and Collected Works of Mao Zedong (eight volumes).
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Zhuge Liang (July 23, 65438+081—August 28, 234), a native of Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments. Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple. In addition, Du Fu, a great poet, also has the classic Shu Xiang handed down from ancient times.
Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang is also concerned about the country, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing people on their merits, obeying the power system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength! Guanzi: the law is strict and the people are happy, and the people are exhausted without complaints. Its soldiers come and go like guests. They don't fight or hunt, just like in the country. Its use of troops is also like a mountain, advancing and retreating like the wind. On the day when the soldiers came out, the world shook, but people were not worried. China people have been singing and thinking for decades after Liang's death. For example, in the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius said that "harmony can also make the south" and Zhuge Liang was thoughtful. Liu Bei: "Lonely with Kong Ming, fish with water. May you say nothing. " "As long as you are ten times as long as xelloss, you can be safe and finally achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Animation" Zhuge Liang Si Mahui: "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Feng Chu here. " Meng Huo: "Gong, Tianwei also, Nanren no longer rebelled." Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country." Ye Liu: "Zhuge Liang is a wise politician and a prime minister." Xu Shu: "This person can see it right away, but he can't compromise. The general should be in charge. " "Zhu Gekongming, Wolong also" Yang Hong: "The western soil is salty, and Zhuge Liang can make the best use of his talents." Ma Liang: "Your brother should praise the world in time, and his career should glorify the country. This is far away. It is appropriate to change her husband's consideration with elegance, judge her own value with clarity, and be simple with talent. If it is the sum of light and distance, it is the world of virtue, so that the time is closed to listening, the world is obedient to the Tao, the sound is high and wonderful, and the voice of political power is positive and beneficial to things. The two have nothing to do. This is the harmony between strings and teeth. " Fan Jian: "If you smell evil, you should correct it instead of praising it. The letter of reward and punishment curses the gods. " Zhang Wen: "If Zhuge Liang sees the plan, he will know that God's will is at work, and he will be blessed by the court to push his heart forward." Sima Yi: "Zaizan is really a genius in the world. Yang Zancheng said to Zhuge:" Being loyal to the martial arts and being brave, making contributions to the riverside and going to Wu has the right to be true in the world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. In Youzhou, the four generations of Yi Sui came to the enemy court many times to show off their strength and study big countries, which they hated. " Longhe: "The situation is excellent, Germany and Fan are far and near, and their reputation is all over the world. Sima Yan: "It's very kind of me to have this person to help me. How can I work today? "Fu Gan:" Zhuge Liang knows change, but he is right and has a plan. Just watch it. "Guo Chong:" Jincheng Guo Chong believes that if you are smart, you will be surpassed and your achievements will not be good. Those who are confused by the five civilizations are not known to the world, and Bao and others cannot get it back. "Fufeng Wang is bold and aggressive." Liu Chan worshiped Zhuge Liang's imperial edict: "The chief culprit in the battle of street kiosks was Ma Su, but you led me to bring disgrace to oneself, which seriously violated your wishes and resigned." . The year before last, Yao Shi smashed Xinmeile Co., Ltd.; At this age, Guo Huai fled; The surrender of Bian and Qiang, the revival of the two counties and the ferocity of Weizhen are obvious. Today, Fang was harassed, but Yuan Xie was not an owl. You have been entrusted with a great responsibility. You are doing the heavy work of the country, but you have lost yourself for a long time. That's why you beautify Hong Lie. Since you are the prime minister, you should not resign. ""Only you are civil and military, honest and sincere, and trust orphans. You can bow for me, and then you will be quiet and chaotic; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized and impressed, and Weizhen has been barren, and will make great contributions to Iraq and Zhou Zhirong. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Alas! Emperor Kangxi: "Zhuge Liang Yun: Do your best until you die." . Only Zhuge Liang can be such a minister. Sun Qiao in Tang Dynasty: "The marquis of Wu has been dead for almost 500 years. The people of Liang and Han dynasties have a strong legacy so far, with temples and worshippers, and their love for the people has been so long. "In the Western Jin Dynasty, Mei Tao praised Tao Kan, saying," The machine god is like Wei Wu, and the loyalty is like Kong Ming. Chang Qu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "Governing the country is courtesy to the people, no complaints, no lynching, no tears. "Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said," Zhuge Liang will not die, and the rites and music will flourish. " "Tang Cui Wen" recorded what Shangqi said in Preface to the Inscription of Wuhou Temple in Zhuge: "If official books and temples are eaten, they will become a code that will not be published. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it looks like a powerful god. In the old days, if there was a drought, people all over the country would pray for clouds and rain, which meant survival without anyone benefiting and sharing life and death. Death is immortal, but it is more expensive than life. "
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Zhu Ziqing, whose real name is Qiu Shi, has a pen name of Yu Jie, White Elephant, White Water and White Matter. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 65438-0898 in Donghai, Jiangsu. His original name was Zhu Zihua, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu. He is a modern essayist, China educator, writer, poet, scholar and democracy fighter. 1920 graduated from Peking University and later came to Tsinghua University to teach. Because three generations have settled in Yangzhou, he graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School (now Yangzhou Middle School) and worked as a teacher in Yangzhou, so he called himself "Yangzhou native". He also taught at Taizhou Middle School in Zhejiang Province, planted wisteria by himself, and later became the school flower of Taizhou Middle School.
Mao Zedong described him as "showing the heroism of our nation". During the Kuomintang rule in Beijing, prices soared, and professors at Peking University could not live any longer. The Kuomintang distributed relief food to people from the US military. And a group of professors represented by Mr. Zhu would rather starve to death than receive relief food. At that time, Zhu Ziqing was already bloated and weak because of hunger, but lying in bed, he said to his family, "Don't go." So Mr. Zhu passed away. On Zhu Ziqing's Failure to Receive American Relief Grain 1