The following article lists various types of inversion sentences:
Types of "Inverted Sentences" in Ancient Poetry
Mamaochang
When reading ancient poems, if the word order is abnormal and you can't understand it, you should consider whether it is inverted. In order to help you interpret it smoothly, let's first talk about the types of inverted sentences in ancient poetry.
First, verb inversion. such as
① "The bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves bend in front of the fishing boat." (Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains)
(2) "It's hard to know Chixian Day in the long night." (Mr. Mao Zedong, Mr. Huan Xisha and Mr. Liu Yazi).
"Gui Huan Nv" is the inversion of "Gui Huan Nv" because the subject is "female" and the predicate is "Gui". Similarly, "getting off the fishing boat" is the inversion of "getting off the fishing boat" It means "laughing in the bamboo forest, but the woman who washed clothes came back;" The water lotus is shaking and the fishing boat is coming from a distance. " (2) Put the subject "Eat fresh and sweet" at the end of the sentence. The normal word order should be "it's hard to know the night in Chixian County".
Second, the predicate object is inverted. For example:
(1) "The grass is far but not near." (Han Yu's Early Spring)
2 "Swallows fly and are surrounded by green trees." (Su Shi's "Die in Hua Lian")
Example (1) should be "Seen from a distance, the grass color is near, but there is no" Predicate "Seen from a distance" falls after the object "grass color". The sentence "trees around people" should be "trees around people", and the predicate "around" should be put after the object "people" in turn.
Third, the attributive and the head word are reversed. For example:
(1) "An De Guang Sha Wan" (Du Fu's "Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage")
(2) "What time is the remnant star? When the geese pass, they lean against the building. " (Zhao Wei's "Looking at Autumn in Chang 'an")
The head word is "Fu" and "Wan Jian" is the attributive of "Fu". The normal word order should be "An De Wan Jian". Example 2 "the number of remnant stars" should be "the number of remnant stars", and "the number of remnant stars" is the attribute of "remnant stars", which is inverted after the prefix; "One" is the attributive of "flute" and should be placed in front of "flute".
Fourth, the adverbial and the head word are inverted. For example:
(1) The Monk Knocks at the Door (Jia Dao's Li Ning's Seclusion)
(2) "Swallow Wan Li is like a tiger" (Xin Qiji's "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia")
Example (1) "Monks knocking at the door under the moon" should be "Monks knocking at the door under the moon". The adverbial "under the moon" falls after the central word "knock". Example 2 "swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" should be "swallowing Wan Li like a tiger", and the adverbial "like a tiger" falls after the central word "swallowing".
In addition, there are two kinds of inversion sentences with less frequency, which are discussed here.
5. The guests are upside down. Such as: "severe frost and orchid" ("Peacock flies southeast")
"Lan" is the subject, "knot" is the predicate and "frost" is the object. The word order of the subject and object of the original sentence is reversed, and the normal word order should be "Lan first frost in the courtyard", which means "Lan first frost in the courtyard".
Six, complement and head inversion. Such as: "Clouds on the ridge are covered with floc hats, and bronze pheasants are hung on the trees on the first day." (Su Shi's "Xincheng Road")
The normal word order should be "a clear sky with a wadding hat on the ridge and a bronze pheasant hanging from the head of the first tree." It means "the clear clouds hang down the mountains like catkins, and the heads of trees hang like bronze finches on the first day." As complements, "on the ridge" and "on the tree" are inverted sentences in the capital.
Although the inverted sentences in ancient poetry are more complicated, we need not be afraid. As long as we use grammar knowledge to find out the subject, predicate, object and definite complement in the sentence and restore the inverted word order to its original position, it will be much easier to interpret.