It is expected that this year's happiness will be strong, but it will still be wasted.
If you don't get presbyopia every year, you won't get sick if you are anxious.
Poetry annotation
Precautions:
Also: Xiao Deng Wanhua passed on to see Haitang in ancient times.
[Note] (1) quasi-standard: expected. (2) waste: live up to it. East wind: Spring breeze.
Spring has come, and it is expected that there will be a lot of fun to enjoy this spring, but I didn't expect that this year, like previous years, failed to live up to the beautiful scenery this spring. See that I never have eyes to watch the brilliant flowers every year. I am either sick or worried, so I am in the mood to see flowers!
Yang Wanli (1 127- 1206) (Note: According to the Records of Yang Lingyuan written by Yang Wanli's son at the end of the Official Document, "Your late father was born on September 22nd, the first year of Jianyan ....... In the second year of Jubilee, Bing Yin was free from illness on May 8th. His diction is very clear, which is consistent with Yang's time in his poems such as Hao Zhai Ji and Qiu Yi. Accordingly, Yang Dang was born in the first year of Jianyan (1 127). Most of the old theories are based on the record of "83-year-old death" in the Biography of Yang Wanli in Song Dynasty, because it is wrong to assume that Yang was born in the sixth year of Xuanhe (1 124). ), the word court show,no. Chengzhai, Jishui, Jiangxi. Shaoxing has been a scholar for twenty-four years and has served as a local official in Zhangzhou and Changzhou. He worked as an assistant in the East Palace and got a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion. He repeatedly criticized state affairs, and he was too proud of Alta Han. Therefore, he was dismissed from office for fifteen years and died of grief.
Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, Lu You and You Mao are called "Four Poets of ZTE". At that time, both Yang and Lu were famous. You Mao's handed down works are few and his achievements are not high; Although Yang and Fan can't compare with Lu You, they can all get rid of the cage of Jiangxi Poetry School and have their own characteristics in thought and art, so they are worthy of being outstanding poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The main difference between Yang Wanli and Jiangxi Poetry School is that he absorbed the theme directly from the natural scenery, instead of renovating the book text, so he said, "Don't listen to his words, just listen to his days." He is particularly interested in nature. Everything in nature, big and flowing, small and playing with bees and butterflies, is put into poetry. He thinks that "the things in the mountains are the poems" and "the poems without mountains are safe", and says, "If the wind and smoke are not good, why are there new sentences?" As for nature, he observed it carefully, understood it deeply and described it vividly, so that Jiang Kui had a joke that "mountains and rivers are afraid to see you everywhere". Therefore, as far as the subject matter is concerned, his poems mainly describe natural scenery, which can best reflect the artistic characteristics of his poems. Yang Wanli is a poet with changeable inheritance and creation. He started as a Jiangxi school in his early years, and then turned to criticize the shortcomings of Jiangxi school in his middle age, burning less than a thousand copies of "Jiangxi style" and making his own moves. In the preface to the Collection of Xi in Beijing, he once talked about this transformation process: "Giving poems began to learn from the lords of Jiangxi, not only the five-character method of Houshan, but also the seven-character quatrains of the old man in the Mid-levels, and later learned the Tang Dynasty." ....................................................................................................................................................... ........................, therefore, embarked on the creative path of imitating nature, thinking that "learning poetry should be thorough and detached, and trusting hands should be detached" (He Tianlin); Instead of imitating the ancients, he wants to surpass them: "Let's rest under the fence, and Xie Tao will stand out before he leaves." ("Postscript Xu's Poems on Recent Work in the Province") thus formed its own unique style. This is what Yan Yu called "Yang Chengzhai Style" in Cang Shi Lang Dialect.
One of the characteristics of "Chengzhai Style" is full of humor. This is mainly inherited and developed from Tao Qian's Zi Zi, Du Fu's Man Xing and the humorous fan style of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian. Poems such as Laughing at Bees, Laughing at Dragonflies, Laughing at Children and Laughing at the Stars and Moon are rare in general poetry collections. However, he often feels angry and sarcastic in humorous teasing, such as "mocking Huai Feng": "Don't sweep the sky and fog, just roll the waves!" Another example is "Looking at Ants": "To what extent can micro-bodies be spoiled? After a chase, the car is full! " Second, the imagination is rich and novel. He is good at capturing the characteristics and metamorphosis of natural scenery and highlighting it by anthropomorphic methods to make it vivid and interesting. For example, he wrote about floating clouds with "a peak was suddenly stolen by clouds", wrote about strong winds with "I killed the reed flowers and refused to rest", and "willows on both sides of the strait were used as a defense" to associate frontier soldiers. Third, it is a natural and lively language. He inherited ancient and modern folk songs as well as the traditions of Bai Juyi, Zhang Ji and Du Xunhe. His language is very simple, and he absorbed many slang and proverbs in his poems. Such as "procrastination", "hurry-scurry" and even "eating a few knives" are inevitable. Compared with the Jiangxi School's search for uncommon classics, the use of new words, the use of dangerous rhymes and the creation of strange sentences, this can be said to be a liberation. These three characteristics are often intertwined, and look at the following poem:
Wild chrysanthemums and wild moss each cast money, and gold and copper compete for beauty. Heaven supports poor poets, only buying sorrow and not buying fields. -"Playing with a Pen"
The boatman only believes in the boat flow and does not plan the foreshore. However, he was surprised and made three spins, turning the stern into the bow. -"Looking at Jin Huashan from Xiahengshan Beach"
The cliff is steep, the tiger's mouth is broken, and the rotten beach is thundering. Deductive flow is more windy, such as holding an iron boat. "Fengbo suggested that you have a drink, so why would a bad drama surprise you! Can you help me? " -shore willow turned to shake hands! -"Fengbo"
The first one is about the scenery in front of us, and the second one is about daily life. Both of them have implications, but they are not poor and pedantic. The third song shows the unique style of "honest house style" more intensively. He said, "I have never been worried" and that "poets cannot be grinded since ancient times". We should understand the poet's optimistic attitude towards life from this poetic style.
Yang Wanli is also a poet who cares about the fate of the country. "whoever talks about eating clouds on the moon will lead the main heart if he has something on his mind" ("the picture of Liu Jian Yun"), which is his own way. So he also has some works that directly express patriotic feelings, such as "Four quatrains when I first entered the Huaihe River":
The boat is far away from the beach in Hongze, and it's hard for people to go to Huaihe River: why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is Tianya!
Ships on both sides of the strait are running backwards, drifting with the flow, and it is difficult to negotiate. Only the Oulu in the sky can be seen freely, flying freely between the north and south shores.
These two poems were written by Yang Wanli in the first year of Xichun (1 190) when he was ordered to welcome the Kim family. The author sees that the Huaihe River, originally the heart of the motherland, has now become the boundary of Jin and Song Dynasties, and people on both sides of the strait have lost their freedom of communication and formed an enemy country, which makes them feel extremely sad. Because of the combination of the scenery in front of him, he can "have endless meanings and can be seen outside the words", which also shows his attainments in quatrains. In addition, some sentences such as "Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jinshan", "The end of the great river is the shame of others, and the end of Jinshan is the worry of others", "The first mountain in the southeast of Xu Yijun" and "The ditch outside the ditch is old, and the water has moved to the Huaihe River today" also reveal his patriotic feelings.
Yang Wanli also wrote some poems reflecting farmers' working life, such as "Song of Transplanting Rice" and "Zhi Zhu Ci", expressing deep sympathy for farmers' suffering: "Half an inch of barren hills and bare soil, the land tax is not full!" However, such works are few in his existing 4,000 poems, lacking Lu You's passionate and generous enthusiasm, and the exposure is not as concrete and profound as Fan Chengda's. This may be related to his artistic view. He once said: "It is good to have a poem that is full of taste." ("Zhai Cheng Shi Hua")
Generally speaking, Yang Wanli was a writer with his own face in the Southern Song Dynasty. His main achievement and contribution lies in his artistic style. He absorbed the sketch technique of folk songs, rebelled against the rigidity of Jiangxi poetry school and created a lively and natural "sincere style", which is worthy of recognition. However, similar to Jiangxi Poetry School, although he also admired Du Fu, he failed to emphatically inherit Du Fu's realistic spirit. What he loves is the pastoral poems of Tao, Xie, Wang, Meng, Wei and Liu, especially Wang Wei's Collection of Wangchuan, which he thinks is just a collection of poems. Therefore, most of his poems are "chasing the wind month by month", which rarely reflects the social reality and is out of proportion to the difficult times in which he lives. This made it impossible for him to make a thorough change in Jiangxi poetry school from the ideological content and creative direction. Due to the subdivision of subject matter, his wit is often vulgar and boring, and his creative attitude of blindly imitating nature and abusing spoken language has also led him to write a lot of rough works. Poems like "one to three cups, one, two, three, four, five" are really not brilliant.