Original text:
An autumn night in the mountains
Author: Wang Wei (Tang Dynasty)
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Second, the rhyme rules:
The rhyme of ancient poetry is loose, which can rhyme with the change of adjacent rhyme.
There are strict rules for the rhyme of modern poetry, which can be summarized as follows: the first sentence can be bet or not, and the next sentence must be rhymed. But there are exceptions, such as Jiang Xue of Liu Zongyuan.
Even sentences rhyme.
There are 2468 rhymes in metrical poems and 24 rhymes in quatrains. Whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, the first sentence may or may not rhyme. For example:
A Letter to Han Chuo (Du Mu), the Magistrate of Yangzhou
There is water in the green hills, and the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River is withered in autumn.
Where does the Jade Man teach oral sex at Bridge 24 on a moonlit night?
The first 124 sentence rhymes. Another example is:
Leyou Tomb (Li Shangyin)
In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
The first sentence doesn't rhyme, but two or four sentences rhyme. Generally speaking, it is common that the first sentence of five-character poems does not rhyme, and it is also common that the first sentence of seven-character poems rhymes. For the rules of whether the first sentence rhymes or not, please refer to Table ④ of Pingping.
General flat rhyme
In order to maintain the harmony of phonology, modern poetry generally balances phonology, and most modern poems also meet this requirement. However, there are still some typical works about phonology, such as Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrain "Jiang Xue", the full text is in tune (short sound): there are no birds in the mountains, and there are no footprints in the thousand paths; A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. Whether this poem is read with the rhyme ending of the ancient entering tone or with the rhyme of ie and ue in Mandarin today, there is no doubt about it.
Rhyme at the end
In principle, there should be no rhyme changes in modern poetry, especially in poetry examination, poetry to be written and poetry with limited rhyme in science examination room. However, because the rhyming system used in scientific research does not fully conform to the spoken phonology of the Tang Dynasty, some vowels have been merged or separated, and it is more likely that some poets can't change their local accent and write poems with it, so there are still works that have been replaced by neighboring rhymes in their poems, such as Du Fu's Five Cases:
I live in my old grandson's house, simple and ancient style. When ploughing and chiseling, clothes are the same as the world.
Get up early at home and worry about your country and people. I wish you a good year. When it comes to the relationship between monarch and minister, there are many books.
Note: In sentences 2, 4 and 8, "Feng", "Tong" and "Zhong" are flat tones and "Dong" rhymes; In the sixth sentence, "feng" rhymes with "winter"
Writing poems every day is different from taking exams, so don't criticize the author, especially those who write poems with ancient rhymes in the future.
The first rhyme borrows the neighboring rhyme.
The rhyme of classical poetry can be mixed with the rhyme of neighboring rhymes, such as Dong Yi and Er Dong, Si Zhi and Wu Wei, which are called tongyun. However, in the rhyme of modern poetry, in principle, only words with the same rhyme can be strictly used. Even if there are few words in this rhyme (called narrow rhyme), it can't be mixed with words in other rhymes, otherwise it is called rhyme. But if the first sentence rhymes, you can borrow adjacent rhymes. Because the first sentence can be put or not, you can bend the rules. For example, "Drunk to Send Ba Shen Liu Sou to the Army":
Wine is thirsty for Qingjiang River, and I prefer to wash my stomach.
Soft sand leans on the seat, and Leng Shi wakes up drunk.
Picnics are accompanied by accounts, and Huayin is happy.
Several cups are missing. They have all been sent to Shen Ming.
This song "Ting Xing Ling Ming" consists of nine tones, but the first sentence borrows the word "Qing" from Ba Geng.
This is called borrowing neighboring rhymes, which was popular in the late Tang Dynasty and even formed an atmosphere in the Song Dynasty.
Please refer to Tongzhuan Guyun and 108 Pingshui Yun.
avoid
1, avoid rhyme
That is, the same rhyme word appears repeatedly in the rhyme of a poem, which is a big taboo.
2. Avoid synonyms.
For example, a poem uses "flower", "flower", "fragrance" and "fragrance" at the same time.
Step 3 avoid rhyming
Most ancient poems were written according to the official rhyme, and many words that we thought were homophones were included in different rhymes in the official rhyme, such as "winter" and "east". If you are juxtaposed in the same poem, it is rhyming. This is mainly due to the change of ancient and modern pronunciation, so it is unnecessary to emphasize this point today.