In ancient times, there were four tones: level, up, go, and enter
Yinping and Yangping are equally divided. Yinping has one tone and Yangping has two tones. "Shang" has three tones, and "go" has four tones. Nowadays, it is no longer called "ruru four tones", but there is still this way of reading, such as "Zhu Qingsha white bird flies back (huai)" "Huan" and "Qingshanguo Waixie (xia)", the "Xie" is the character that enters the tone. Ping means "Yin Ping" and "Yang Ping", and 廄 means "up", "go" and "in"
Archaic poetry
Ancient poetry is generally called Gufeng, which is written according to the style of ancient poetry. , the form is relatively free and not bound by the rules.
Judging from the word count of poems, there are so-called four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Four words are one sentence with four characters, five words are one sentence with five words, and seven words are one sentence with seven words. After the Tang Dynasty, four-character poems became rare, so they were usually divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as Wugu; seven-character ancient poems are referred to as Qigu; those using both three, five, and seven characters are generally considered Qigu.
There are no rules for the obliqueness of ancient poetry. The poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties was completely free. After the Tang Dynasty, ancient poetry was influenced by rhythmic poetry, and some emphasis was also placed on the level and obliqueness. Based on this point, ancient poetry can be divided into two types: one is pure ancient style, and the other is ancient style with rhythm.
The pure ancient style is basically free. However, after the Tang Dynasty, some poets deliberately avoided rhythmic verses when writing ancient poetry, which inadvertently created a trend to make ancient poetry as different from the form of rhythmic poetry as possible. This gives the sentences of ancient poetry some characteristics.
As mentioned before, Sanping Tune is a form exclusively for ancient style, which has become one of the characteristics of ancient style. In addition to the three-level tone, the last three characters end in Pingzheping; there are also two rarer ones, which end in Zhejiang or Zhepingzhu. This means that for sentences with flat legs, the principle is to use flat tones for the third character of five characters or the fifth character for seven characters; for sentences with oblique feet, the principle is to use oblique tones for the third character of five characters or the fifth character of seven characters. Looking at the rhythm of the whole sentence, the rhythm of most sentences does not alternate between plain and oblique, but overlapping and oblique. That is to say, the second and fourth characters of Wugu are both oblique, or the second and fourth characters of Qigu are both equal; There are also words in which the fourth and sixth characters are both flat or flat. For example, Du Fu's "Sui Yan Xing":
The clouds are already dusk and there is a lot of north wind, and there is white snow in the Dongting of Xiaoxiang. When the weather is cold and the fisherman's net is freezing, don't shoot the wild geese with their mulberry bows. Last year, rice was expensive for the army, but this year, rice is cheap, which greatly hurts farmers. High-motivated officials are tired of wine and meat, and this generation is empty. The people of Chu value fish more than birds, so don't kill Nan Feihong in vain. It is said that men and women are flirting with each other everywhere, cutting off kindness and forbearing love, but returning rent and mediocrity. In the past, money was used to catch private castings, but now lead, tin and bronze are allowed. Carving clay is the easiest to get, and if your likes and dislikes don't match your appearance, you will be confused. The horns are played on the city walls of all nations, when will this sad song end?
Fifteen of the eighteen sentences in the poem meet the four three-character ending requirements discussed above; in particular, seven of the ten flat-footed sentences are in three-flat tone, which is particularly noteworthy. . There are nine sentences that meet the requirements of folding flat and folding. There are only two verses left ("This year's rice will be greatly damaged" and "The city of all nations will blow all the horns"). It can be seen from this that there is a big difference between the pure ancient style Ping and Ze and the rhythm poetry.
The ancient style of incorporating rhymes is exactly the opposite of the pure ancient style. Poets use rhymed sentences as much as possible. The main reasons why the ancient style of entering rhymes is different from rhymed poetry are: (1) the number of sentences is uncertain; (2) flat rhymes and oblique rhymes alternate; (3) there are often four sentences with one rhyme change. This situation generally only exists in Qiyan ancient style. For example, in Wang Bo's "Tengma Pavilion", the sentences in both oblique and oblique rhymes are basically in rhythm. It is almost like two rhymed quatrains connected together, but one of them is a quatrain in oblique rhyme. This kind of alternating oblique rhyme and flat rhyme, with four sentences changing rhyme, later became a typical example of the ancient style of rhyme. Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Regret" is basically in this form, as well as his "Pipa Xing" and Yuan Zhen's "Lianchang Palace Ci", etc., all adopt this form. This is what is commonly known as "Yuanheti".