Liangzhou Ci (1)
Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why does Qiangdi complain about Yangliu? (2)
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. ③
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Zhihuan, 688-742, Ji Ling, ranked seventh. His ancestral home was Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and Wu Zulong moved to Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang, Shanxi). He used to be the main book of Hengshui, Jizhou, and lived at home for fifteen years because of slander. In his later years, he became a lieutenant in Wen 'an County (now Hebei Province) and died in the official residence. He is generous and broad-minded and good at writing frontier poems. He once sang with Gao Shi, Wang Changling, Cui and others, and became famous for a while. Jin Neng, as an epitaph, called it "Song from the army, song out of the fort, thinking about the bright moon, so small that the cold wind sounded, spread the movement and spread it to the people." There are six quatrains in the whole Tang poetry, all of which are well-known works.
To annotate ...
(1) Liangzhou Ci: Yuefu Poetry Collection (Volume 79) and modern lyrics include Liangzhou Song, which is quoted from Yuan Yue: "Liangzhou, the name of Gongqu, is Guo Zhiyuan, the governor of Kaiyuan West and Dongliang." Kuang Longyou, a native of Liangzhou, ruled ancient Tibet (now Wuwei, Gansu). This poem uses the tune of Liangzhou, not singing Liangzhou. (2) There is a "folding willow" in the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " ③ Yumenguan: In the west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province.
Appreciation of Liangzhou Ci
The Book of Songs takes the "lonely city" as the center and the vast and magnificent background as the background. Some people think that the first sentence "Yellow River goes straight up" is very confusing, and it is easy to change "Yellow River" into "yellow sand". However, "the yellow sand is straight up", and the sky is dark. Can you see "white clouds"? In fact, "the Yellow River goes straight up" is not difficult to understand. Both Li Bai and Wang Zhihuan wrote about the scenery looking west along the Yellow River. The difference is that Li Bai's vision is far and near, so he created a strange sentence "How does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky?" Wang Zhihuan's eyes are near and far, so he shows the wonder of "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Looking west, the Yellow River goes from east to west and goes straight into the white clouds. This is a vertical description. "Wan Ren Mountain" rises abruptly at the junction of water and sky, and the mountain is connected with the sky, which is a vertical description. Just where the water meets the sky and the mountains meet the sky, "an isolated city" is faintly visible. This is a unique picture shown in this poem.
The first two sentences focus on scenery writing, while the last two sentences focus on lyricism. However, the feelings of the last two sentences have been bred in the scenes of the first two sentences. A lonely city has a sense of desolation. The vastness of the background reflects its sadness; The grandeur of the background highlights its desolation. The feelings of people in the "lonely city" are even more so. This "isolated city" is obviously not a residential area, but a garrison. Recruiters who live here come here to defend the frontiers along the Yellow River in Wan Li. Living in a "lonely city" for a long time, will you feel homesick? This leads to three or four sentences. In addition to the "Six Songs of Zheyang" that Qiangdi played, the homesickness was clearly visible. The beauty is that you don't say homesickness, but you say "complaining about willow." What are you complaining about? Judging from the sentence, it is because the willow has not turned blue. Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu" "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain, without flowers and cold. Smell the willow in the flute, but never look at the spring scenery, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of the word "resentment" Poetic and graceful: when I heard the song of breaking willow leaves, I naturally remembered the scene of breaking willow leaves when my relatives left home, which reminded me of my homesickness; From the memories of my relatives folding willows to the present reality, I feel that the willows in my hometown have already brushed the ground. I also saw a little spring scenery in "No Wind" in Lonely City, which reminded me of my homesickness. The poem is so euphemistic and profound, but the poet's meaning is not enough. He starts with "unnecessary" to build momentum for the conclusion of the sentence, and then ends with an explanation of the reason for "unnecessary", which means that since the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow, the willow outside the customs will naturally not spit leaves. What's the use of just "complaining"? Huang Sheng's Excerpts from Tang Poems says, "Wang Longbiao's" Playing the Qiang flute is more worrying for Wan Li "and Li Junyu's" Playing the reed flute somewhere makes people look at their hometown overnight "are all the same, but not as good as this one. Because of its implication, he only used the word' why'. The artistic charm of this poem lies in its magnificent scenery and profound lyricism.
Implicit and profound poetry can be understood in many ways. Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an, Volume II: "This poem is not as generous as the frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far from Wan Li." Li Zhi's A Brief Record of Poetry Changes further points out: "It is particularly appropriate to say that you are not as good as your manners, but that the spring breeze is not enough."
Judging from the story of "painting a wall and hanging a flag pavilion" in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by Xue Yongwei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, this poem spread all over the world and was hailed as a swan song soon after its release.
Wang Zhihuan, (688-742): Ji Ling was born in Bingzhou (now Taiyuan, Shanxi). Zeng Guan went to Wen 'an County (now Hebei Province). His frontier poems are as famous as Wang Changling and Gao Shi. There are only six quatrains left.
This is a vigorous and desolate frontier poem. Liangzhou Ci, the lyrics of Liangzhou Song. There are Liangzhou songs in Yuefu Poetry (Volume 79) and Modern Quci, which shows that it was introduced by the governor of Xiliang Prefecture during the Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong. Liangzhou is now located in Wuwei County, Gansu Province. The heroic and unrestrained singing of this poem brought us to the magnificent mountains and rivers in the northwest of the motherland. The beauty of the northwest frontier described in the poem is absolutely different from the softness, charm and brightness of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, but a kind of lofty beauty and rough beauty, which is enough to sublimate the spiritual world and make people feel the beauty of their own strength. This kind of beauty makes people feel the history and future immediately, and feel eternity and infinity immediately. The first two sentences of this poem can best express this aesthetic feeling. "The Yellow River is far away from the white clouds and is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain." The Yellow River, the cradle of the Chinese nation, has a long history. Looking from a distance, I saw it winding and running among the mountains. It seems to flow down from the sky, and it seems to flow down from the sky. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is the poet's true feelings. Didn't Li Bai also write the poem "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven"? This is no coincidence. In the endless land, the poet seems to see only two things: the Yellow River flowing on the ground and the white clouds floating in the sky. Poets are focused, empty and never lonely. The Yellow River and white clouds are bright and beautiful in color contrast. Water is flowing and clouds are flying, which makes people feel the pulse and breath of the universe.
The poet rolled his eyes slightly and saw other scenery between heaven and earth. A Lonely City, Mount Wan Ren. This is still so strong. The city is "isolated" and "one piece", but there are many mountains, as high as Wan Ren. The height of the mountain shows the smallness of the city, and the loneliness of the city is more obvious in the people on the mountain. Through this comparative description, the magnificent and vast beauty of the northwest frontier fortress of the motherland is displayed.
What did the poet write about the scenery in the last two sentences with such great courage for? Originally, I wrote about the people in the scene and expressed my deep feelings for the people in this vast frontier. This is the last two sentences of the poem. Qiangdi is a musical instrument with local color in the northwest frontier. The poet's mood was aroused when the sound of Qiangdi floated to the familiar melody of Yang Liuzhi in the wind. The flute is full of sadness and haunts lonely Shan Ye. That's the sergeant at the front line playing a farewell song. They once bid farewell to their loved ones in this heartbreaking music and embarked on a long journey. Now, as soon as this piece of music is played, it seems that the tears of wives and children and the sad faces of loving mothers will immediately appear in front of their eyes. But the poet comforted them: "Why should a strong brother complain about Liu? The spring breeze is just Yumen Pass. " Why do you borrow Yang Liuzhi to express your bitterness? You know, the spring breeze can't blow through Yumen Pass. These two sentences are about the desolation and injustice of the frontier and turn the mood into sadness. But this kind of sadness is not a general lament, but implies irony. Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an, Volume II, said: "This poem is not as generous as the frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far away from Wan Li." . It can be seen that the poet's real intention is not to exaggerate the cold outside the Great Wall, saying that there is no spring breeze there, but to use natural phenomena to imply that the supreme ruler living in the bustling imperial city doesn't care about recruiting people and doesn't give a little warmth to the soldiers guarding the border in Yumenguan.
This poem is a picture of the magnificent scenery in the northwest frontier, and it is also a sad song full of sympathy for the soldiers who went to war. The two are unified in just four poems, which are thought-provoking and thought-provoking, giving people a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the frontier fortress in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The whole poem sentence is wonderful, the scene blends, and it is absolutely wonderful through the ages.