So Odysseus tied the crew to the boat and moved on. Soon, he arrived at the island of nomadic giants and was imprisoned in the cave of Polyphemus, a man-eating cyclops. He brutally murdered six of Odyssey's teammates. Cyclops is Poseidon's son. Odysseus pierced the giant's eye with a sharp huge wood, tied the living companions one by one under the ram's stomach and escaped from the hole.
Since then, Poseidon has been his enemy, making waves all the way and deliberately hurting people. They fled to Fengshen Island, and Fengshen gave them a bag to put all the headwinds in and let them go home smoothly. Unexpectedly, when the ship was approaching home, the sailors thought that their pockets were full of gold and silver, and they opened them while Odysseus was sleeping. As a result, all kinds of Fengshen roared and blew them to Fengshen Island. Fengshen refused to help them again, and they let the boat drift to Giant Island.
The giants living here sank the 1 1 ship of the fleet with huge stones, and they also used harpoons to catch drowning people to satisfy their hunger. Odysseus' ship survived because it didn't dock. He led the sailors to the witch Calker Island, and Calker turned some of his companions into pigs. Thanks to God, Odysseus defeated the witch and was treated by the witch. In order to find his way home, he went to hades with the help of the witch, and learned his future from the prophecy of the prophet Tiresias.
Then Odysseus met the ghosts of many old comrades-in-arms and talked with the ghosts of Agamemnon and Achilles. After that, they continued to sail and successfully passed the enchanting bird island with attractive songs. Odysseus lost six companions, who came from the sea god Shula and the great vortex Kalibudis.
On Apollo Island, Zeus sank the ferry with thunder, because his companions ignored Odysseus' warning and slaughtered the cattle, which angered Zeus. Most people died, and he was washed to the mythical island of calypso alone and placed under house arrest for seven years.
At the same time, more than 100 aristocratic children were entrenched in Odysseus' palace and proposed to his beautiful wife Penelope. They ate and drank all day and consumed his property. Penelope has always been loyal to her husband. In order to refuse suitors, she prepared mourning clothes for her father-in-law on the pretext that she could remarry after knitting. So she knitted during the day, tore it apart at night, repeated it back and forth, delaying the time. The son of Odysseus, Telemarcos, got the secret instructions from the goddess Athena and left home to find his father.
He first looked for Niesto in Pyrrhus, but got no news. Finally, he learned that Odysseus was still living in Menelaus, on the island of Calypso mythology myth. The gods on Mount Olympus sympathized with Odysseus' fate and sent the angel Hermes to ask Calypso mythology mythology to let Odysseus go back. The goddess reluctantly let Odysseus leave the island on a raft. Odysseus sailed at sea for 17 days, and the mountains in his hometown were faintly visible. Unfortunately, Poseidon found it and smashed his raft.
Odysseus drifted to Scria with the help of the gods. Nausicaa, the king's daughter, washed clothes at the seaside according to Athena's instructions. She found Odysseus and took him back to the palace. The king held a banquet in his honor. During the dinner, the singer sang the story of the Trojan War, including Odysseus' own heroic deeds. Hearing this, he couldn't help hiding his face and crying. At the request of his master, he told his experience in the past ten years. King Araunas was deeply moved by Odysseus' story and sent a boat and many sailors to send Odysseus home.
Athena turned Odysseus into a beggar in rags, and then sent him to the shepherd hunter's house to meet his son Telemarcos. Taylor Marcos told his father about his family, and the father and son discussed the plan of going home for revenge.
The next day, the father and son returned to the palace one after another, and Odysseus, who was in rags, was insulted and begged alms from the suitor. That night, Penelope was told that Odysseus was still alive, and only the old wet nurse who washed Odysseus' feet recognized his master from the scar on his foot. The next day, Odysseus used the contest in the hall to kill all the suitors, and the family finally came together.
Extended data:
This paper attempts to provide a new understanding perspective for Odyssey, which tells a person's way home, that is, to go deep into the specific situation faced by Odysseus to find the driving force behind it. Here, they are just two recognizable concepts: humanity and sense of destiny; The former is embodied in the multiple identity confirmation experienced by the protagonist, while the latter gains externalization and independence through the presence of God's will.
What this article wants to explain is that in the world of Odyssey, these two concepts complement each other, and it is this unique fusion that provides eternal spiritual reference for people in different time and space.
Aristotle's summary of the plot of Homer's epic Odyssey is not long: "There was a man who left home for many years, and a god kept staring at him, leaving him alone;" The situation of his family fell to this point: some suitors consumed his family's wealth and murdered his son; He came home from the storm, recognized some people and attacked himself. His life was saved and his enemies died at his hands. "
However, this seemingly simple plot, expressed by Homer in 12 105, constitutes one of the most important classic texts in western history, which can be traced back to many important motifs in the western spiritual world. They constantly echo in different time and space, making the Odyssey always have lasting charm.
This article was born under such circumstances: a modern China reader, a young man who is still wet behind the ears, and a woman with homesickness complex finally read Homer's poems by chance and wanted to write down her feelings. She can't distinguish various theories and schools in detail, and she doesn't know where her vision belongs. She can only try her best to stick to the text and face Odysseus' world.
First, the two-way structure
Before I begin to enter, I must briefly introduce the structure or clues of the Odyssey. They will be related to my later narrative, even though the predecessors have said it many times.
Generally speaking, there are several views that the Odyssey is a two-way structure. One is that Odyssey, including Odysseus, returns to his home, and Taylor Marcos looks outside until the two lines overlap at some point and start a new plot. This is easy to see from the structure of the book Odyssey, that is, after the gods agreed to let Odysseus return to China, the story began with his son Telemarcos-the first four volumes of the epic were given to him.
The fifth to twelfth volumes * * * are about Odysseus' roaming abroad. From the thirteenth volume, the two met until * * * completed the epic in the twenty-fourth volume. There is also a view that Odysseus has multiple two-way relationships with a god, a pursuer and nature (storm). Aristotle's another explanation of the dual structure of the Odyssey is that "good people and bad people get opposite endings".
This paper also holds that the Odyssey has a two-way structure, but it is slightly different from the previous views. Standing at both ends of the structural line are neither father and son, nor Odysseus and many objects, but a word that can be regarded as a state: home and wandering. Odysseus, the wanderer, longed to be a man in his home, and his family also longed to receive the wanderer. The unity of the two sides in the process of returning home depends on mutual identity confirmation, that is, discovery and being discovered (or temptation and being tempted), which constitutes the two-way structure of Odysseus' story of returning home.
The gods played an important role in the smooth development of both directions. They represent a kind of inevitability and ensure the meaning of the destination of going home-here, the meaning of home. If we look at the volume structure of the Odyssey from this perspective, we can understand that the 24 volumes of the book are only divided into two parts. The former 12 volume tells about a lost state and a new search for identity when people in their homes and vagrants are separated, while the latter 12 volume tells about the necessary mutual confirmation when people in their homes and vagrants reunite.
The necessity of this structural division in this paper lies in that by transforming "homeland" and "displacement" into a state as the background of Odysseus's "returning home", two important factors contributing to the realization of this "returning home" can be highlighted (pictured). This enables us to understand Odysseus' ten-year experience in the situation he faced, instead of using our own experiences or experiences to find some confirmation or analogy in Odysseus' world.
Second, the postscript
By analyzing the two opposing States of "homeland" and "displacement" with the logical clue of "returning home", we separate two key elements from Odysseus' journey: the confirmation of identity and the presence of God's will. In the Odyssey, we can see such a strange blend: not only is the world of God incompatible with the world of man, but God has also begun to "delegate power" to mankind-even those heroes who are eager for immortality and transcendence have begun to gradually confirm their qualities, weaknesses and relationships as human beings.
However, the significance of this confirmation of human identity should not be overstated. It does not mark the awakening of the so-called "human subjectivity" consciousness, but only a hazy foreshadowing, or the end of a dream awakening. Odysseus, who has unnatural trust and dependence on life, probably can't understand Socrates' famous saying: "A life without inspection is not worth living"-his wit is used in the past, present and future: learning lessons, learning extensively and preventing being deceived, but not in life itself.
In the drama of life, God is still present and speaks. "Odysseus is glad to hear his heart" (24: 545). From this perspective, whether the protagonist is wandering at home or outside is basically secondary. They are just a shell, a symbolic ceremony. In the Odyssey, this ceremony involves the hero's transformation from god to man, and can also be expressed in other forms.
However, just as all ceremonies can only show a little touch on the theme that surprises them, Odyssey does not focus on specific knowledge, it is only enlightenment, leaving infinite interpretation to future generations to explain. If this paper can add a faint starlight to Odyssey and its already shining universe, it will achieve its goal.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Odyssey