Su Muzhe
Bangyan of Zhou Dynasty in Song Dynasty
Burn agarwood to relieve the heat.
Birds call out for the clear sky, and they peek into the eaves at dawn.
The first sun shines on the leaves and the rain lasts. The water surface is clear and round, and the wind lifts them one by one.
My hometown is far away, when will I go?
I live in Wumen and have been traveling in Chang'an for a long time.
Do you remember each other in May? In a small boat, I dreamed of entering Furongpu.
Brief Analysis
Although this poem describes the feelings of living in Bianjing for a long time and thinking about returning home in the summer, it is famous for its depiction of the wind god of lotus.
The first part describes what I felt, heard and saw after I woke up. The first four sentences describe the characteristics of time and season. They may seem ordinary, but in fact they are quite ingenious and meticulous in their writing. Although the sentence "burning agarwood" can form a picture of smoke, this sentence is not a description of action, but a description of the sense of smell. As soon as the author woke up, he smelled the agarwood lit last night still filling the room, and the sweltering heat had disappeared. The sentence "eliminating the summer heat" includes a tactile reaction, which is the first feeling the author had after waking up. "The birds call the sky" is the second feeling after waking up, which is written from the auditory aspect. The summer heat has disappeared and the weather has cleared up, so the birds are also very active, and their noisy chirping reveals the joy brought by the clear weather after the rain. The artistic conception of this poem is roughly the same as "I sleep in spring without realizing the dawn, and I hear the singing of birds everywhere". The difference is that this poem is written about the early morning in midsummer, while Meng Haoran wrote about "spring dawn". "Invading dawn and peeking over the eaves" is the third feeling after waking up. It is written from the visual aspect and further supplements "Hu Qing". After the author heard the chirping of birds, he immediately opened his eyes and looked out the window because he was concerned about the weather. What he saw first was the birds standing on the eaves and looking down against the evening light. Peeping, while calling each other non-stop. "Speech" here is not only the sound, but also focuses on depicting the movements of shaking the head, opening the mouth and trembling the tail when the bird sings. This is a visual image. The last four sentences are the first level. The three sentences "The sun rises above the leaves and the rain falls" are the second level. These two sentences are the key points in the poem and what the poet saw when he came outdoors. "Chu Yang" inherits "Qing" and "Su Yu" inherits "Shu". The brilliance of the rising sun is reflected on the lotus leaves, further visualizing and concreteizing the word "Qing". "Su Yu" is evaporated and dried , not only embellishes the word "Qing", but also captures the seasonal characteristics of "Shu". This sentence is like a close-up shot, even the raindrops on the lotus leaves and the process of the raindrops being "dried" are also captured in the picture. The image is so realistic! "The water surface is clear and round" is an expansion of the sentence "on the leaves". The author zoomed the camera far away, looked down at the entire lotus pond, and finally photographed the round lotus leaves covering the water surface. Then, he pulled down the lens, changed the angle, and took horizontal photography. The lens slowly advanced on the water: the graceful lotus leaves seemed to be held high by someone, swaying in the morning breeze. They all retreated in front of the camera. These three sentences captured the colorful and lifelike images of the lotus from different angles and sides. Wang Guowei praised these sentences in "Human Words": "You can really get the lotus." The divine reasoner. "
In the next part, I write about my nostalgia for my hometown. The first four sentences are about returning home. Change the first two sentences to pretend to be delayed. The writing style changes from real to imaginary, from the lotus in front of me to the distant hometown, leading to Deep nostalgia. The two sentences "Live in Wumen and travel to Chang'an for a long time" carry forward the imagination of space at two points: one is "Wumen" and the other is "Chang'an", but the lotus still connects the two places. The three sentences of "May" describe sleepwalking. These three sentences further narrow and concretize the two isolated points. "Wumen" turns into "Yulang", and "Chang'an" turns into the word "May". It is a long thread that connects time. One end of it connects to the past and the other end connects to the present ("Zhushu"). It even involves the author's dream. "Dream into Furongpu" finally shortens the distance between time and space, making the author want to return. The heart is satisfied for a moment. The next piece is lyrical, describing the dream and the scene in love, and echoes the beginning of the sentence with a reverse arm, complementing the picture of "the water is clear and round"
The content of this poem is very interesting. It is simple, with sixty-two words in total, and it only writes about lotus and the love affairs related to lotus. However, the author is good at gathering the image of lotus and the love affairs related to it, and highlighting them from different aspects and angles. , As a result, the author's beauty is clearly displayed in front of the reader, giving the reader an immersive experience. What is valuable is that every sentence in it has an action or visual quality, and almost every sentence can form one or several pictures, forming shots with different angles. The connecting medium between the shots is almost compressed to a unique and tiny size by the author. Degree. The author's emotions and aesthetics are expressed through the combination of pictures, shots, and montage.
This poem takes the lotus as the focus, and then spreads out from this point. Focus on this point and wrap it up. The whole poem can be divided into four layers. The first four sentences of the first part are one layer, which expresses the atmosphere of the morning after the May rain. The last three sentences depict the wind spirit of the lotus. The first four sentences of the second part are one layer. , respectively overprinting two different locations, "Wumen" and "Chang'an", and the last three sentences summarize and conclude the scattered aspects of the previous layers with "Dream into Furongpu".
Zhou Bangyan is a master who is good at using artistic language. He often uses beautiful words to create vivid images. Sometimes he is meticulously carved, rich and sophisticated; sometimes he uses allusions to melt the poetry and lyrics of the ancients. However, this poem neither uses allusions nor incorporates previous poems. Instead, it mainly uses words extracted from life, accurately and vividly expressing the wind spirit of lotus, and expressing my own nostalgia, with a calmness. Elegant, natural and fresh charm.