Du Mu's "Three Quatrains on Passing the Huaqing Palace" and Su Shi's "Lychee Sigh"
One of Du Mu's "Three Quatrains on Passing the Huaqing Palace"
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Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery and thousands of doors opening one after another on the top of the mountain.
The red concubine on horseback smiled, but no one knew it was lychee.
Literary Appreciation
The poem is divided into three sections, each section has eight sentences. The first paragraph describes the tribute of lychees in ancient times. In history, lychees were used as tributes. The most famous ones were during the Yongyuan reign of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty and the Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The four sentences "Shili" describe that during the reign of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court ordered lychees to be delivered to Jiaozhou, and a short-distance post station was built to transport them quickly. Countless people delivering lychees fell to death on the road from exhaustion. The four lines of "Flying Car" describe that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Sichuan to bring lychees and sent flying cavalry to deliver them. When they arrived in Chang'an, they were still as fresh as if they had just been picked. The court smiled for the sake of concubine Yang, regardless of how many people died for it. This paragraph grasps the characteristics of lychees that change color in one day, fragrant in two days, and tastes in three days. It makes a fuss about the speed of transportation and points out that the imperial court wasted no time on human life for the sake of satisfying the taste. This point has been described in Du Mu's "Passing the Huaqing Palace Quatrains" "The concubine riding on the red dust is laughing, no one knows it is the lychee coming". The lines "Knowing it is the lychee and the longan coming" and "The beauty in the palace is so beautiful" in Su's poems are from Du Mu It comes out in poetry. However, Du Mu's poems are exquisite, while Su's poems use fu style, which is solid, broad and profound. They are different from each other.
The eight sentences starting from "Yongyuan" are the second paragraph, which turns into discussion and emotion. With great indignation, the poet criticized the rulers' shameless debauchery and punished Li Linfu and others for flattering others. The people hated him so much that they were willing to eat his flesh alive. He lamented that there were no famous people in the court who dared to remonstrate directly like Tang Qiang. minister. Then, he thought that he would rather God did not give birth to such delicious treasures, which would make the people unbearable. As long as the weather is good and people can have enough food and clothing, it will be fine. The layout of this paragraph is very clever. The sentence "Yongyuan" summarizes the Han tribute litchi incident in the first four sentences of the first paragraph, the "Tianbao" sentence summarizes the Tang tribute litchi incident in the last four sentences, the sentence "so far" discusses the Tang incident, and the sentence "no one" The sentences discuss the affairs of the Han Dynasty, intersecting each other, and combining them in various ways, and then use the four sentences "I wish" to conclude the poem, linking the past and the future.
The eight sentences starting from "Don't you see me" are the third paragraph, writing about current events. From the treacherous officials in ancient times, the poet thought of the treacherous officials in recent times; from the lychees that harmed the people in ancient times, the poet thought of the various tributes that harmed the people in recent times. The poem further extends the above-mentioned exclamation and uses reality to prove it. First it talks about Wuyi tea and then Luoyang peonies. This paragraph of lashing out against the rulers has the same meaning as the first and second paragraphs, but because it is about immediate matters, the criticism is very measured. The poem accuses the treacherous ministers but not the emperor, which is a tradition for poets to keep taboos from their lords. Just like Du Fu's "Northern Expedition" "If you don't hear about the decline of Xia and Yin Dynasty, you will punish Da Da", which writes about the Anshi Rebellion and acquitted Xuanzong; "Changsha", which writes that talented people were demoted, but said that the emperor was generous. Su Shi also used this "Spring and Autumn Writing Technique" here. Obviously, he was not only opposed to the flattery of the flattery, but he was also very dissatisfied with the emperor's acceptance of the tribute from the flattery and his practice of following the example, which caused the people to suffer. This section, like the sudden rise of a strange army, suddenly completely put aside the lychees sung by the poem, and mixed in the immediate events, casually, and extensively developed, and the twists and turns are clear, making people overwhelmed. However, the vitality in the poet's chest pours out in one fell swoop, opening and closing in and out, very much like Du's poems.
The whole poem is narrated and discussed, not restricted by title, and has the nature of poetic history, so it was praised by Qing Fang Dongshu and others.
Su Shi's "Lychee Sigh"
Lychee Sigh
Ten miles away there is dust and ashes, and five miles away there is a fire.
When we were leaning against each other in the pit and valley, we knew it was lychee and longan.
The speeding car crosses the mountain falcon and crosses the sea, and the wind branches reveal their leaves as if they were newly picked.
As soon as the beauty in the palace lost her beauty, she was shocked and bloodied for thousands of years.
Yongyuan litchi came to Jiaozhou, and Tianbao paid tribute every year to get it.
To this day, no one wants to eat Lin Fu’s meat, but no one has raised a glass of wine.
I hope that God will take pity on the innocent child and not give birth to a beautiful creature with sores.
It is a blessing that the rains and winds can bring good harvests, and that the people will not be hungry or cold.
Don’t you see it, there are millet sprouts by the Wuyi River, and Cai Xiang is favoring him.
Everyone has their own idea of ????competing to buy new pets. This year, the best products will be used as official tea.
I don’t have enough of these things, so how can I nourish my mouth and body?
The Prime Minister of Luoyang was loyal and filial to his family, but unfortunately he also entered Yao Huanghua.
Vernacular translation
There is a post station on Wuli Road and Shili Road. Horses transporting lychees raise dust in the sky and rush like sparks; people who fall to death in the pits and valleys on the roadside overlap with each other. , people all know that this is the passage of lychee and longan. The speeding car passed over many mountains, like a falcon flying across the sea; when it arrived in Chang'an, the green branches and leaves seemed to have just been picked from the trees. The beauty in the palace grinned happily. The dust raised and the blood splashed are still unforgettable a thousand years later. The lychees in the Yongyuan year came from Jiaozhou, and the lychees in the Tianbao year came from Fuzhou. People still want to eat Li Linfu's flesh alive today. Who would bring wine to commemorate Tang Boyou? I just hope that God will take pity on the common people and not give birth to such a beauty and become a scourge to the people. I only hope that the weather will be favorable and the crops will be harvested, and that the people will be protected from hunger and cold, which is the best auspiciousness. Have you not seen the famous tea millet sprouts by the Wuyi River, with Ding Wei in the front and Cai Xiang in the back, caged and sealed as tribute to the officials? Everyone has their own ingenuity in competing to buy new pets, so this year's competition has become a tribute tea.
Does our monarch lack these things? I only know how despicable it is to satisfy the emperor's oral and physical desires! It's a pity that Qian Weiyan, who stayed behind in Luoyang, came from a family of loyalty and filial piety, so he also paid tribute to peonies for his favor!