original text
The layout of hotels in Luzhen is different from other places: they are all big counters facing the street, with hot water inside, which can warm wine at any time. People who go to work often spend four coppers to buy a bowl of wine after work in the afternoon and evening. This was more than twenty years ago, and now every bowl has to rise to ten pence. Standing outside the cupboard, they drank hot drinks and had a rest. If you are willing to spend an extra penny, you can buy a dish of salted bamboo shoots or fennel beans as a drink. You can buy a meat dish for a dozen pence. But most of these customers are short-sleeved gangs, and they are generally not so rich. Only people in robes walk into the house next to the shop, ask for wine and vegetables, and sit and drink slowly.
I have been working as a waiter at Xianheng Hotel in Zhenkou since I was twelve years old. The store said that I was too stupid, and I was afraid that I couldn't serve the customers in the gown, so I did something outside. Although the customers with short coats outside are easy to talk to, they also have a lot of nagging, which makes people confused. They often have to watch the yellow rice wine scooped out of the jar, see if there is water at the bottom of the pot, and see the pot put in hot water. chàn can rest assured that it is difficult to pour water under such serious supervision. So a few days later, the shopkeeper said I couldn't do it. Fortunately, the person in charge of the recommendation was very generous. Without being dismissed, he changed to a boring position specializing in warm wine.
I have been standing at the counter all day, taking charge of my duties. Although there is no dereliction of duty, I always feel a bit monotonous. The shopkeeper looked at lost face, and the customers had nothing to be humorous about, which made people look lively. Only Kong Yiji could laugh when he got to the store, so he remembered.
Kong Yiji was the only one standing drinking and wearing a gown. He is very tall; Blue and white face, often with some scars between wrinkles; A shaggy gray beard. Although I am wearing a robe, it is dirty and torn. It seems that it hasn't been mended or washed for more than ten years. He is always full of big talk when talking to people, which makes people half understand. Because his surname is Kong, others gave him a nickname, Kong Yiji, which comes from the semi-understood word "Shang Da Ren Kong Yiji" on red paper. As soon as Kong Yiji arrived at the store, all the drinkers looked at him and smiled. Some shouted: "Kong Yiji, you have added a new scar on your face!" He didn't answer. He said to the cupboard, "Heat two bowls of wine and ask for a plate of fennel beans." I will pay a lot of money. They shouted loudly again: "You must have stolen from others again!" Kong Yiji opened his eyes and said, "How can you make people innocent out of thin air ..." "What innocence? I saw with my own eyes what book you stole and hung it up the day before yesterday. " Kong Yiji blushed and the veins stood out on his forehead, arguing that "stealing books is not stealing ... stealing books! ..... how can you steal the matter of a scholar? " The incomprehensible words such as "the gentleman is poor" and "the villain is poor" caused everyone to laugh: the air inside and outside the store was filled with joy.
Listening to people talking behind their backs, Kong Yiji also read books, but in the end he didn't go to school and couldn't make a living; So I became poorer and poorer, ready to beg. Fortunately, I wrote a good hand, so I copied books for others and got a bowl of rice. Unfortunately, he also has a bad temper, that is, he is lazy to drink. After sitting for less than a few days, people disappeared with books, paper, pens and inkstones. If so, several times, no one asked him to copy the book. If there is no law in Kong Yiji, it is inevitable to do some stealing occasionally. But in our shop, his character is better than others, that is, he never defaults; Although there is no cash occasionally, it will be temporarily recorded on the chalk board, but it will be paid off within one month, and Kong Yiji's name will be erased from the chalk board.
Kong Yiji drank half a bowl of wine, and her red face gradually recovered. Someone asked, "Kong Yiji, can you really read?" Kong Yiji looked at the person who asked him and showed disdain. They went on to say, "Why can't you even get half a scholar?" Kong Yiji immediately a face of depression, face was full of gray, he said something. This time, it's all nonsense, and some don't understand. At this time, everyone laughed: the inside and outside of the store were full of happy air.
At these times, I can echo the smile, and the owner will never blame me. And when the owner sees Kong Yiji, he often asks him this question, which makes people laugh. Kong Yiji knew he couldn't talk to them, so he had to talk to the children. Once said to me, "Have you ever read a book?" I nodded briefly. He said, "read this book, ... I will test you." How to write fennel for fennel beans? " I think, do beggars deserve to test me? I turned my back and ignored it. Kong Yiji waited for a long time and said earnestly, "Can't you write? ..... I'll teach you, remember! These words should be remembered. When you become a shopkeeper in the future, you should use it to write accounts. " I thought to myself that I am far from the level of the shopkeeper, and our shopkeeper never takes fennel beans; Funny and impatient, he replied lazily: "Who wants you to teach? Isn't it just a word from the grass? " Kong Yiji is extremely happy, with two fingers long nails knocked on the counter, nodded and said, "yes, yes! ..... There are four ways to reply words, do you know? " The more impatient I became, I walked away with my mouth pursed. Kong Yiji just dipped her nails in wine and wanted to write on the counter. When he saw that I was not enthusiastic, he sighed again and looked sorry.
"How about zai? Not much. "
On several occasions, the children in the neighborhood laughed and rushed to the scene and surrounded Kong Yiji. He gave each of them one. After eating the beans, the child was still wandering, staring at the plate. Kong Yiji panicked, held out five fingers to cover the plate, bent down and said, "Not much, I don't have much." Straightening up, he looked at the beans, shook his head and said, "No more, no more!" how much is it? Not much. "So this group of children got separated in laughter.
Kong Yiji is so cheerful, but without him, others will live like this.
One day about two or three days before the Mid-Autumn Festival, the shopkeeper was slowly checking out, took off his pink board and suddenly said, "Kong Yiji hasn't been here for a long time. I still owe nineteen dollars! " I think he hasn't come for a long time, too. A drinker said, "Why did he come?" ..... he broke his leg. "The shopkeeper said," Oh! " "He's still stealing. This time, I lost my mind and stole it to Ding's house. Did you steal anything from his house? " "What happened later?" "how about it? Write a defense first, then fight, fight until midnight, and then break your leg. " "What happened later?" "Then I broke my leg." "How about a discount?" "Why? ..... who knows? Maybe it's dead. " The shopkeeper stopped asking, but slowly calculated the account.
After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the autumn wind is getting colder every day, and it's almost early winter. I have a fever all day, so I must put on a cotton-padded jacket. There were no customers in the second half, so I sat with my eyes closed. Suddenly I heard a voice, "Warm a bowl of wine." Although the voice is extremely low, it is very familiar. No one was there when I watched it. Standing up and looking out, Kong Yiji sat on the threshold under the counter. His face is black and thin, and his figure is out of shape; Wear a worn-out jacket with legs crossed, put a cattail bag under it and hang it on your shoulder with a straw rope; When he saw me, he said, "Heat a bowl of wine." The shopkeeper also put his head out and said, "Kong Yiji? You still owe nineteen dollars! " Kong Yiji was very unhappy and replied on his back, "This ... will be paid next time. This time it is cash, and wine is better. " The shopkeeper smiled and said to him as usual, "Kong Yiji, you stole again!" " But this time, he didn't argue too much, just said, "Stop joking!" " "Make fun of? How can you break your leg if you don't steal it? " Kong Yiji whispered, "Break, fall, fall ..." His eyes seemed to be pleading with the shopkeeper, so don't mention it again. At this time, several people had gathered, and the shopkeeper smiled and said, I'll heat the wine and take it out and put it on the threshold. He took four pence out of his tattered pocket and put it in my hand. When he saw that his hand was covered with mud, it turned out that he had come with this hand. Soon, after drinking, he sat and walked slowly with this hand in the laughter of others.
I haven't seen Kong Yiji for a long time since then. At the end of the year, the shopkeeper took off the powder board and said, "Kong Yiji still owes nineteen dollars!" On the Dragon Boat Festival the following year, he said, "Kong Yiji still owes nineteen dollars!" I didn't say anything until the Mid-Autumn Festival, and I didn't see him at the end of the year.
I didn't see him at last-maybe Kong Yiji really died.
Written in 19 18 winter.
Make an appreciative comment
Kong Yiji, a short story by Lu Xun, is a traditional masterpiece in junior middle school texts. No matter what version it is, you should choose it. This novel has been frequently read and updated for many years, and its artistic value should not be underestimated. This novel was written in the winter of 19 18, and published in the April issue of 19 19 in New Youth magazine. The novel reflects the tragic fate of an old intellectual under the feudal imperial examination system. The novel was published on the eve of the May 4th Movement. The feudal monarchy was overthrown, but the feudal forces still ruled the country. Although the feudal imperial examination was abolished, feudal education was still very toxic, and feudal cultural education was still deeply rooted, poisoning the broad masses of the people.
On the eve of the May 4th Movement in China, due to the influence of the October Revolution, the new culture movement led by Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and other early China capitalists lashed out at feudal ideology and culture, and the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal May 4th Movement was about to break out. Lu Xun was a member of the New Culture Movement, and later became the greatest and most heroic standard bearer of the New Culture Movement and the New Culture Army. With a sharp pen as a weapon, he made the most ruthless and violent attack on feudal ideology and morality and feudal culture. His first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman, written at the beginning of 19 18, lashed out at the feudal system of cannibalism, and on the cultural front, issued the first clarion call for people to attack feudal fortresses. 19 18 winter, he wrote his second vernacular novel Kong Yiji, which exposed the poison of the feudal imperial examination system and accused the feudal ruling class of evil. The two novels published by Lu Xun on the eve of the May 4th Movement played a positive role in promoting the May 4th New Culture Movement.
First, subtle layout.
(A) the first-person narrative
The novel is written in the first person, which not only makes the story appear true and cordial, but also profoundly reveals the center of the article. Because even a teenager despises Kong Yiji, it shows that the society is indifferent to the unfortunate people. Writing with the waiter's eyes can not only show sympathy for Kong Yiji, but also affect the expression of the center. The article intercepts a period of Kong Yiji's life, and concentrates the plot that best shows Kong Yiji's life, personality and fate in several scenes, thus making the story condensed and concise. Through the boy's eyes, the author used several close-ups to show Kong Yiji's appearance, despised and laughed at him, and then turned to the description of Kong Yiji's dismembered and dying. The simple story shows an extremely profound theme according to the author's ingenious artistic conception.
(B) carefully selected background
The novel centers on Xianheng Hotel. Besides Kong Yiji, there are people here who give me "me", shopkeepers, short-sleeved clothes, long-sleeved clothes, and others. They surrounded Kong Yiji and shouted at Kong Yiji at will. Xianheng Hotel is the activity space of Kong Yiji and the epitome of feudal society in China. Look at the specific description of the novel:
"The hotel pattern in Luzhen is different from other places: they are all big counters on the street, with hot water inside, and you can warm wine at any time. People who go to work often spend four coppers to buy a bowl of wine after work in the afternoon and evening. This was more than twenty years ago, and now every bowl has to rise to ten pence. Standing outside the cupboard, they drank hot drinks and had a rest. If you are willing to spend an extra penny, you can buy a dish of salted bamboo shoots or fennel beans as a drink. You can buy a meat dish for a dozen pence. But most of these customers are short-sleeved gangs, and they are generally not so rich. Only people in robes walk into the house next to the store, ask for wine and vegetables, and sit and drink slowly. "
Through the description of the layout of Xianheng Hotel, the article explains the social background of the story naturally and skillfully, and vividly and profoundly exposes the social reality of class opposition and disparity between the rich and the poor. The shopkeeper's different attitudes towards the "short coat gang" and "long gown guest", and the monotonous and suffocating atmosphere in the store made people feel the indifferent and hypocritical relationship between people in the society at that time, and Kong Yiji was "the only one standing and drinking and wearing a long gown". Living in such a social environment, such a special identity doomed the inevitability of Kong Yiji's tragedy.
(c) insert in the narrative sequence
The novel is not straightforward and has no twists and turns, but it does not affect its fascinating. The novel mainly adopts the way of sequential narration, intercepting two main fragments, which constitute the backbone of the novel, but the interpolation content is indispensable and is the branch of the novel. The main contents of the narrative are: Kong Yiji's life, copying books, stealing books and being beaten by Ding. These seemingly insignificant plots are the essential details of the novel.
Second, fleshy characters.
(1) poor Kong Yiji.
Kong Yiji is a contradictory unity. He is sad and pitiful. Kong Yiji wears a gown and drinks standing up, which is the contradiction between his economic status and spiritual orientation. His low economic status prevented him from becoming a "gown guest" of Xianheng Hotel. The invisible high wall built by the tangible "arc counter" is something that Kong Yiji can never cross, but it is his dream to achieve this leap, and the dirty and torn gown that he can't take off is actually the materialization of his inner desire. The dislocation of spiritual pursuit is undoubtedly the greatest tragedy of Kong Yiji's life. He pursued something he shouldn't pursue or could never pursue. He is tall, but not diligent; He can read, but it is difficult to make a living; He never breaks the contract, and even if he breaks it, he will definitely pay it back; He ignored my cold face and taught me to study hard; He sincerely shared the small dish of fennel beans with the children, which reflected Kong Yiji's inner innocence and kindness. The "four cash" he paid for the last glass of wine is the best demonstration of Kong Yiji's pursuit of personal integrity. But he trampled on his personal dignity because he was lazy, petty, pretentious and pedantic. This split personality seems unreasonable, but it is actually the most reasonable design of Kong Yiji's tragedy by Lu Xun. It was Kong Yiji's innocence and kindness that aroused our inner sympathy for him, and how powerless and pale this innocence and kindness was in the social environment at that time. In the ruthless ridicule of the shopkeeper, in the cheerful laughter of the "short coat gang", in the cold eye of the young man "I", it was torn and destroyed in Ding's beating. Under the influence of feudal educational thought, this kind of innocence and kindness is so ridiculous: pursuing lofty and becoming a thief, pursuing honesty and sophistry, and pursuing what you want is stifled by what you want. This indifference to innocence and kindness, this tearing of innocence and kindness, and this strangulation of innocence and kindness are exactly Mr. Lu Xun's best interpretation of "tragedy"-destroying beautiful things for others to see.
(B) insensitive jacket gang
The "short coat gang" in the novel is poor, but it is not the poor object of the author, but the role of accomplice. Together with shopkeeper Ding, they laughed at Kong Yiji. They are victims themselves, but they are unaware of it. Instead, they become perpetrators, which shows that they are insensitive. This is another theme to be revealed in the novel. There is only one Kong Yiji, insensitive and pedantic. The terrible thing is that Qian Qian's absolute short coat is numb.
The numbness of short-sleeved gangs in novel writing is mainly reflected by writing their smiles. There are two kinds of laughter in Kong Yiji: one is the laughter of long-sleeved characters and shopkeepers, who were crippled in Kong Yiji and particularly stimulated when they twisted on the verge of death. This laughter shocked the cruelty of the exploiting class, and this laughter shocked "the coma and cruelty of creating and enjoying the pain of others." The other is the laughter of shorts. Although Kong Yiji wore a gown, it was "dirty and torn, as if it had not been mended or washed for more than ten years". His "standing and drinking" shows that he has not squeezed into the ranks of long-sleeved customers, but is similar to the short coat gang. The political status and economic status of the short coat gang and Kong Yiji are almost the same. So, what does the short coat gang mean by laughing at Kong Yiji? Some articles think that the short coat gang's ridicule of Kong Yiji is a manifestation of the working people's contempt for Confucius and Mencius. It should be said that this is just one of the contents of laughter. The deep meaning of the short coat gang laughter goes far beyond this. Kong Yiji, a "bad karma native" who suffered greatly from the feudal system and feudal culture, should have received the sympathy of the equally unfortunate people. However, the "short coat gang" made him funny and happy, nicknamed him and laughed at his poverty. Kong Yiji's final appearance, in particular, was even more tragic. Kong Yiji broke his legs and climbed into the hotel with his bare hands. He was desperate, but the shopkeeper had to press the debt. In the face of this human tragedy, poor people are still one of the "laughing" newspapers. The author repeatedly described the ridicule of the short coat gang and expressed deeper thinking, mainly in two aspects:
First, revealing the "sufferings" of unfortunate people like the short coat gang is intended to attack the whole feudal system of cannibalism. Under the rule of feudal absolutism for a long time, feudal culture and Confucianism not only created such tragic figures as Kong Yiji, but also generally poisoned the oppressed people, making them numb, unconscious and even losing their basic sympathy. Lu Xun deliberately exposed this "disease", which just shows that it is not just Kong Yiji who needs to be "cured", but the whole society.
Secondly, revealing the "suffering" of the unfortunate aims to awaken their consciousness. Lu Xun once said that the theme of his novels is "mostly taken from the unfortunate in a morbid society, aiming at revealing suffering and attracting medical attention". This shows that Lu Xun is not mocking the backwardness of the masses, but seriously thinking about and exploring the method of "healing", so that the masses can get rid of the shackles of feudal thought and shoulder the responsibility of transforming the whole morbid society.
Third, various forms of artistic expression.
A vivid description
The novel uses a variety of descriptive techniques to vividly show the image of Kong Yiji. The following is a detailed analysis of its vividness from the perspective of character description.
The first is the description of appearance. The novel mainly describes Kong Yiji's two appearances. The first time was when he first appeared: "Kong Yiji was the only one standing drinking and wearing a gown. He is very tall; Blue and white face, often with some scars between wrinkles; A shaggy gray beard. Although wearing a gown, it is dirty and torn. It seems that it has not been washed for more than ten years. " This paragraph says that he is "very tall", which shows that he still has the ability to work; "Green and white face" means that he is poor, malnourished and unwilling to work; "He often has some scars on his face" is a sign that he was injured by careless stealing, and it is also an important sign that he is going to decline. "A disheveled gray beard" not only shows that he is old and depressed. His robe is "dirty and torn, and it seems that it has not been mended or washed for more than ten years." It shows that he is poor and too lazy to be surprised by his financial situation and personality characteristics.
The second time I described Kong Yiji's appearance, when he appeared for the last time, I described it like this: "His face is black and thin, and his figure is out of shape; Wear a worn-out coat, cross your legs, put a bun under it and hang it on your shoulder with a straw rope. " "His face was dark and thin, his figure was out of shape, and he was wearing a tattered jacket." It means that he has no food and clothing and is at the end of the road. "His legs are crossed, with a sack under his body and a straw rope hanging on his shoulders" and "His hands are covered with mud" mean that his legs are broken and he loses his ability to live. The comparison of portraits before and after the broken leg shows the pain he suffered.
By describing Kong Yiji's appearance, the author reveals Kong Yiji's social status, ideological character and education.
The second is the description of language expression. There are mainly six sentences worth savoring. The first sentence is: "He always talks with people with dirty words, which makes people half understand." It shows that he is a scholar, pedantic and ridiculous. The second sentence is that Kong Yiji opened his eyes and said, "How can you make people innocent out of thin air ..." This shows that he is proud and afraid of being laughed at. The third sentence is that Kong Yiji blushed and the veins stood out on his forehead. He argued, "Stealing books is not stealing … stealing books! ..... Can a scholar's business be stolen? " Explain his self-righteous, pedantic, self-deceiving, arrogant personality. The fourth sentence is "Kong Yiji looked at the people who asked him, showing disdain for arguing", which shows Kong Yiji's self-righteous lofty character of "only reading high". The fifth sentence is "Kong Yiji immediately became upset and his face was covered with a layer of gray. What did he say?" This time it's all nonsense, and some don't understand. " It shows that Kong Yiji was deeply poisoned by the feudal imperial examination system, but he never realized it. The sixth sentence is "Stop joking!" "Fall, fall, fall ..." Ding interrupted but did not dare to say that the feudal imperial examination system poisoned his spirit and destroyed his body, but he was stubborn and proud. Through these personalized language descriptions, Kong Yiji's conceit, pedantry and self-deception are highlighted.
The third is action description. There are two main sentences: "He gave nine pence" and "He took four pence out of his broken pocket and put it in my hand". The former not only shows his true face of being poor, but also shows off a lot of small money to the hotel. He is a polite person. However, the ridicule of the short coat gang didn't show anything, and this "platoon" action just showed his psychology; The latter shows that he is extremely poor, and the word "touch" shows his tragic situation.
The details of carving
Many details in the novel are very impressive, such as the description of his face many times, his gown, and the fact that he still owes nineteen dollars. Here, I will focus on the description of Kong Yiji's face, and see how the novel grasps the changes of Kong Yiji's face to shape this character and express the theme of the novel.
Kong Yiji's "face" has been written four times in the novel, and the description of these "faces" plays an important role in portraying the character characteristics, promoting the development of the story and highlighting the theme of the novel.
The first time I wrote Kong Yiji's "face" was when he appeared: Kong Yiji's "face is blue and white, and there are often some scars between wrinkles". Kong Yiji was a lower-class intellectual who was badly destroyed by the feudal imperial examination system. He was poor all his life. He didn't go to school and couldn't make a living. In addition, he is too lazy to drink and unwilling to use his own labor to fight for survival, so that his life cannot be guaranteed and he is too poor to "beg". Therefore, he can't have the "red face" and "rich face" of a high-ranking official in the upper class, but only a "green white face". This description of "green and white face", combined with his "dirty and torn" gown, not only vividly reveals Kong Yiji's social status, but also paves the way for further characterization of Kong Yiji's character.
The second time I wrote "Face", it was when someone exposed Kong Yiji for stealing books: "Kong Yiji blushed and his forehead was blue, arguing that' stealing books is not stealing …'". Kong Yiji was originally a "green and white face", but when someone teased him and exposed his shortcomings, he blushed, tried to defend himself and tried to protect his "scholar" face. On the one hand, this description of "blushing" reveals that Kong Yiji was deeply poisoned by the feudal imperial examination system, on the other hand, it also reveals Kong Yiji's inner sense of shame, which shows that he is not a habitual thief, but only has to do it occasionally.
The third time I wrote about Kong Yiji's "face", someone asked him, "Why can't even take out half a scholar?" "Kong Yiji immediately looked depressed and his face was covered with gray." The description of this "gray" face shows Kong Yiji's despair and depression when he was teased and poked by others because he failed to pass the examination for a scholar, and shows the rigid and pedantic habits caused by feudal education and feudal imperial examination system.
The last time Kong Yiji's face was written in the novel, when he was "walked" to the hotel with his legs broken by Ding: "His face is black and thin, and he is out of shape." This "black and thin" face, coupled with his hands crawling "walking", can be imagined how he survived the torture and survived. When the shopkeeper made fun of him, Kong Yiji only responded to the shopkeeper's smile in a low voice, showing a "pleading" expression, showing his mentality of shrinking back, fear and despair after being destroyed. Here, the author paints us a bloody tragic picture of the victims of feudal system and feudal culture. At this point, Kong Yiji's tragic image has been largely completed.
Kong Yiji's complexion changed from "blue and white" to "red" and then to "gray" and "black and thin", which is the logical development of Kong Yiji's character. By describing the change of Kong Yiji's face, the author vividly depicts his pedantic and numb character.
(3) accurate words
Mr. Lu Xun's novels are very rigorous in wording and sentence making, rich in meaning, sophisticated in brushwork and vivid in many words. The following four verbs are used to reveal the cause and effect of Kong Yiji's tragic fate.
Kong Yiji has a fatal weakness, that is, he drinks too much and is lazy to do it. He is depressed and occasionally steals things. This article reveals Kong Yiji's cheating character nine times. According to the different narrative objects, it can be divided into three situations: First, hotel customers and shopkeepers cynically criticize Kong Yiji and brazenly declare him "stealing". "Kong Yiji, you have added a new scar on your face!" "You must have stolen from others again!" "What innocence? I saw with my own eyes what book you stole and hung it up the day before yesterday. " Bored customers regard Kong Yiji's sadness and dull pain as the joke of drinking tea. In a few words, their vulgarity and impudence are vivid. They bluntly exposed Kong Yiji's scar and boldly accused Kong Yiji of being beaten for stealing. It is outrageous that there is no compassion in the eyes of all. Look at the shopkeeper, the owner of a shop. He is also ridiculing Kong Yiji in every way, with the utmost irony. He always steals things. This time he fainted and stole to Ding's house. "。 Did you steal from his house? ""Kong Yiji, you stole again! " "Make fun of? How can you break your leg if you don't steal it? " The shopkeeper bombarded Kong Yiji with the question of "stealing" one after another, and his cold, vicious and gloating inner world can now be seen. In a word, both shopkeepers and hotel customers have revealed the truth in their ridicule of Kong Yiji to a greater or lesser extent, but their tone of voice and vulgar attitude undoubtedly exposed their callousness and insensitivity.
Second, Kong Yiji is pedantic and numb. He "cheats" and keeps it a secret. "Stealing books is not stealing ... stealing books! ..... how can you steal the matter of a scholar? " Hotel Spectator boasted about Kong Yiji's "book theft" scandal, but Kong Yiji, who was forced to make a living and was helpless, showed off his words and pretended to be profound, trying to prevaricate and deny it with the semi-incomprehensible classical Chinese word "book theft". Because in his view, the word "stealing" is uncommon and mysterious, and it can't be understood like short clothes. Such a makeover can naturally hide people's eyes and ears. This change from "stealing" to "stealing" is actually exposing his pedantic, lofty and insensitive tragic character. We can't help but be surprised: feudal culture has destroyed and poisoned him to the point of absorbing bone marrow!
Thirdly, the author described Kong Yiji's word "stealing" coolly. "It's a pity that he has the same bad temper, that is, he is lazy to drink. After sitting for less than a few days, people disappeared with books, paper, pens and inkstones. " Don't say "stealing" directly. To put it mildly, it implies sympathy, which shows that Kong Yiji is not bad in nature. In fact, it is "forced to rebel" that makes this kind of "stealing" occasionally. Even if he pointed out "stealing", it was not as despicable and explicit as the short coat gang and the shopkeeper. "If Kong Yiji can't, it's inevitable to do something to steal the chicken and touch the dog occasionally." Song said bluntly, calm and objective, full of grief and compassion, but in fact it reflects the author's attitude of "mourning his misfortune and angering him."
The above analysis shows that words speak from the heart, the pronunciation of the word "steal" and various modes. It is these different styles of "stealing" that vividly draw the human feelings of the society at that time. It is particularly worth mentioning that it was the vicious development of Kong Yiji's despicable personality that led to the inhuman alienation of his later fate. The end result was: "He took out four pence from his tattered pocket and put it in my hand. When he saw that his hand was covered with mud, it turned out to be this hand. After a while, after drinking, he sat and walked slowly with his hand behind his back in the laughter of others. " His leg was broken and he became an "animal" crawling on all fours. In principle, landing on all fours should be "crawling", but the author insists on using the word "walking", repeatedly stressing that this is how Kong Yiji walked. It can be seen that the author's worries and grievances are deep and wide. The author can't bear to change "walking" to "crawling". Kong Yiji, after all, is a human being, but the reality is staggering: he has indeed become an "animal" crawling on all fours, seemingly "walking" but actually "crawling". This contradictory and complicated mentality is fully revealed from the word "go". What is even more shocking is that Kong Yiji is addicted to alcohol and will not change until he dies. Even at the end of the road, he still has to "touch" the money to drink. This is the inevitable result of Kong Yiji's tragedy and the strength of his works. It can be seen that the word "moved" permeates the back of the paper, writing about the hardships of life.
Therefore, the words "steal", "touch", "crawl" and "steal" not only skillfully write the expression and mentality of the characters under certain conditions, but also organically link them together, subtly suggesting the causal relationship between Kong Yiji's fate going from bad to worse until he quietly leaves. It's amazing that the novel is exquisitely phrased.
Kong Yiji, as a classic in junior middle school Chinese textbooks, has been enduring for decades. Its exquisite structural layout, rich characters, diverse artistic expressions and Mr. Lu Xun's superb literary expression techniques have all been fully exerted in this article and become classics in the history of modern literature.