Extended data:
1, Taishi Gongxu, the source of this poem is the classical Chinese written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, which is included in Historical Records. It is the last article of Historical Records, the preface of Historical Records, and the autobiography of Sima Qian, which is usually called Sima Qian's own biography. This paper not only summarizes a Historical Records, but also summarizes Sima Qian's life. The article is magnificent and profound, and it is an important material for studying Sima Qian and his Historical Records.
2. A brief introduction to Sima Qian, the author of "By studying heaven and man, we can learn about the changes of ancient and modern times":
Sima Qian (about BC 145 or BC 135-? ), xia yang (southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). He was born into a family of historians, and his father Sima Tan was an official of Taishiling. Sima Qian went to Chang 'an with his father at the age of ten, and studied under Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo successively. At the age of 20, he began to travel to famous mountains and rivers, where he visited local customs and collected historical relics and legends. After Sima Qian succeeded his father, Taishiling, he was able to enjoy the imperial collection and cruise around with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which increased his knowledge. At the same time, he began to sort out historical materials in order to fulfill his father's last wish and write a general history of "the name of a monarch, the loyalty of a minister and the death of righteousness"
In the second year of Emperor Tiandi of Han Dynasty (99 BC), when Li Ling went to Xiongnu, he was trapped in a tight encirclement because of the poor response of friendly forces, and he ran out of food and surrendered to Xiongnu. Sima Qian angered Emperor Wudi by protecting Li Ling and was sentenced to prison. Suffering from this great humiliation, Sima Qian was angry and unwilling to live, but in order to realize his ideal, he was determined to "submit to humiliation".