1. Poetic image:
"Image" is a picture of life displayed in literary works, which can be generally divided into character images and natural scenery images.
Character image: the poet image "I" in poetry generally refers to the lyric hero, that is, the poet himself.
Situational image: the situational image in poetry is the sentiment in the scene. Lyrics are often subjective emotional images expressed by objective images (mountains, rivers, vegetation, etc.). ), that is, there is an image of "meaning", that is, "image".
2. Poetic lyricism means:
Direct lyric (direct expression of ideas)
Indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express ambition, cherishing the past and hurting the present)
3. Commonly used terms:
Allusions: the source and meaning of allusions; The function of allusions: nostalgia hurts today, recites history and expresses ambition.
Style: romantic/realistic, bold/graceful, lingering/fresh and beautiful/generous and sad/suppressing anger.
Artistic conception: the poet's emotion and reason, the shape and spirit of things.
4. Modern poetry knowledge:
Compared with classical poetry, a poetic style is also called modern poetry. It refers to the metrical poem style formed in the Tang Dynasty, which has strict regulations on the number, number of words, parallelism, antithesis and rhyme level of sentences, mainly metrical poems and quatrains.
Rhyme: ① The number of words in the poem is neat. It is divided into five words and seven languages (referred to as five laws and seven laws). (2) a specified number of poems. Generally, each song has eight sentences (more than ten sentences are called except or long). (3) The middle two couplets must be couplets. Every two sentences are couplets, and eight sentences are four sentences, which are head couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet (the last couplet) in turn. Among them, the upper and lower sentences of parallel couplets and necklaces must be antithetical sentences. Also, the upper sentence in each couplet is called antithesis, and the lower sentence is called antithesis. (4) There are strict requirements for temperament.
Quatrains: Each song is divided into four sentences, with five words and seven words as the main ones, referred to as five quatrains, seven quatrains for short, and occasionally six quatrains. Rhythm is the same as metrical poetry, but not necessarily the opposite.
5. What images did this article write? What content?
The first four sentences are about climbing mountains to see things, focusing on scenery, and composing pictures with sky, wind, sand, bamboo, apes whistling, birds flying, trees falling and rivers; The last four sentences are lyrical according to the scene, including: poet: wandering for many years, lonely with old illness, hard to pay for his ambition, fleeting youth, writing about the country: worrying about the country and hurting the country.
I came from three thousand miles away. Sad autumn, my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone:
Fourteen words contain multiple meanings and describe the tragic situation of life in detail. The word "sad autumn" makes people feel sad. Becoming a Frequent Visitor shows the author's wandering and migration. "Good years" refers to old age. Facing the desolate and vast autumn scenery, the poet felt very sad when he thought that he was in a foreign country, old and sick. "Alone on the Stage" combines sad scenery with sad mood, which makes people feel sympathy. The couplet has profound implications and summarizes the reality of the whole society at that time.
Fourth, "Pipa Travel"
1. About the author:
Bai Juyi, whose real name is Lotte and whose name is Xiangshan Jushi, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and an advocate of the "New Yuefu Movement". He advocated that "articles should be written in time and songs should be written well". There are more than 300 poems such as Qin Zhongyin, Charcoal Man, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Journey, Qiantang Spring Tour, etc. Collection: Bai Changqing Collection.
The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Journey" represent his highest artistic achievements. There are nearly 3000 existing poems.
2. Songs, lines and quotations:
Original pipa tour, pipa introduction. Bai Juyi also has Song of Eternal Sorrow. Song, line and quotation are three forms of ancient songs, which later became a genre of ancient poetry. Although the names of the three are different, there is actually no strict difference. Its syllables and rhythms are generally free, and its forms are all archaic with five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, which are full of changes.
3. The function of preface: ① Explain the main process of time, place, characters and stories; ② Summarize the life experiences of pipa girls; (3) point out the writing motivation; (4) lay the sentimental tone of the whole poem.
4. What kind of social reality does the Pipa girl's experience reflect? "Men don't flick when they have tears." Is Bai Juyi's Tears only written for pipa girls? What are the thoughts and feelings of the two poems "We are all unhappy-Forever meets us"? We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "Express?
It reflects the social reality that musicians were insulted and damaged in feudal society and their life in their later years was even more miserable. These two poems express the sentimental feelings of honest literati who are full of loyalty to the country but destined to live in a foreign land.
Words are silent, but music can be vividly described by sound. How does the author show the musical charm of pipa in Pipa Story? What is the connection between his efforts to describe music and his feelings about life?
Positive description, a lot of vivid metaphors are used to describe music; When facing the comparison, "the east ship is quiet, and the west ship is quiet, but see Jiang Xinyue". Combine visual image and auditory image to write music. The purpose of the poet's efforts to portray music is to show Jiao Fang's extraordinary artistic attainments and reflect her depravity and loneliness by describing the beauty of music, thus expressing her sadness and regret that she was relegated and unable to display her ambitions.
V. "Yu Meiren"
1. Literature common sense:
Ci originated in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Ci is a lyric poem written for singing with music, so it is also called Quci. Some people think that ci originated from modern poetry in Tang Dynasty, which is the echo of poetry, so it is also called poetry. Words are characterized by long and short sentences, so they are also called long and short sentences. Words have different tunes, and each tune has a name called "epigraph". According to the number of words, words can be divided into three categories: poetry, middle tone and long tone, and according to the style, they can be divided into two schools: bold and graceful.
2. "Spring flowers and autumn moon" is a beautiful thing. Why do you want it to end soon?
Although he is a prince, he is actually a conquered nation and prisoner. When he has despaired of life, "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon" is a satire on him, which makes him feel bored, so it is reasonable to ask.
3. What do you mean by "the past"?
It not only refers to the rich life in the past, but also refers to the yearning for joy and freedom, the expectation of dignity and the need for a sense of survival security. Spiritual needs have exceeded material needs.
4. What is the meaning of the word "you" in "The small building was easterly again last night"?
"East wind" means the change of seasons, and "again" means that time flies, people's lives are passing by little by little, and the hope of national rejuvenation is dying little by little.
5. What is "unchanged"? What is "change" in this word?
"When?" "When is the east wind?" And "it should still be there?" Committed to the unchangeable, and "How much do you know?" "I can't bear to look back" is devoted to the impermanence of life. Write with two clues.
6. What skills did you use to write the words "change" and "unchanged" in the first six sentences? What kind of feelings does it show the author?
Contrast technique: the eternal universe is "when"-"east wind"-"should still exist"; Life is short and impermanent. How much do you know about the past? I can't bear to look back? Zhu Yan has changed.
As a monarch of national subjugation, the poet felt infinite regret when things were changed and the dream of rejuvenating the country was difficult to realize.
7. How worried can Jun be? Like a river flowing eastward.
Metaphor of sadness with water. The river flows rapidly, rushing thousands of miles, such as sorrow; The river is endless day and night, as long as sorrow. This sentence entrusts the invisible sadness to the visible and tangible water, and expresses the feelings deeply and powerfully. "Dark hatred" has turned into "sadness and joy", and there is a desperate emotional impulse to boldly express the hatred of national subjugation.
VI. Yulin Order
1. About the author:
Liu Yong (987- 1053), ranked seventh, was known as Liu Qi in the world. He was once the foreign minister of wasteland, and was known as Liu wasteland in the world. The first professional poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is a bohemian and has been down and out all his life. He is good at describing the feelings of traveling and traveling, as well as the city scenery, and his language is vulgar and popular. At that time, it was known as "where there is a well, you can sing Liu Ci" (Ye Mengde's Summer Tale). He is the author of the Collection of Movements.
2. Summarize the contents of Shangque and Xiaque in Yulin Ridge respectively.
Farewell to the Palace: Described the scene of parting and the way of parting between the two sides.
I am in the next place: imagine a different scene.
This poem, set off by the cold autumn scenery, describes the inseparable parting scene in detail, and then imagines the parting of sadness and resentment, which reflects the author's depression and dissatisfaction with social reality. As a literati in feudal times, he hurt his life experience and lamented that he could not be the master of life. Although his lyrics are true, his mood is quite sad. Although he is worried about reality, his will is quite depressed, which reflects the limitations of the times.
3. Appreciation of famous sentences: "Where do you wake up after drinking tonight? Yang Liuan Xiaofeng is dying. "
Willow, wind and moon, the three things that can touch sadness most, are condensed into a vivid picture. This picture appears at a specific moment-after "sober up".
4. Find out the direct lyric sentences in Chivalrous Man and realize their functions.
"Affectionate feelings have been hurt since ancient times, and it is even more important to neglect the Qing Autumn Festival." "The past year should be a good time to exist in name only. There are thousands of styles, who to talk to! " The scenes are put together to make a full farewell show very well.
5. How to read words:
Grasp the image and taste the feeling.
Comprehension techniques: the technique of mutual occurrence of scenes and the technique of combining reality with reality (in fact, it refers to the real scene and actual situation in front of us; Virtual refers to the situation of imagination and association. In poetry, the combination of reality and fiction is often used to express feelings and enhance artistic effects. )