Some information on the Internet, I hope it will be useful to you!
According to the information, Xishan refers to the general name of the continuous mountains in the western suburbs of Beijing, and the snow scene of "Xishan Qingxue" generally refers to this area. Xiangshan is a typical peak in this area, so Emperor Qianlong erected the monument "Xishan Qingxue" on the mountainside of Xiangshan. Since we didn't know the exact location of the "Xishan Qingxue" monument, we first found the Xiangshan Management Office. A staff member named Kang Ling introduced me to a legend. It is said that Qianlong traveled to Xiangshan, crossed the Qinglong Bridge, and saw a mountain in the valley. White, like snow. When you walk in and take a closer look, you will realize that there are hundreds of thousands of apricot trees, swaying in the breeze; coupled with the refreshing fragrance of apricot flowers, Emperor Qianlong, who has lived in the palace for a long time, was so excited that he couldn't control himself. So, I was moved by the scene and gladly wrote "Sunny Snow on the Western Mountains". I thought to myself, if I really said this, I would not see the scene of "Sunny Snow on the Western Mountains" this winter.
Beijing’s regional culture is very rich, and the tombs of historical celebrities are one of its unique landscapes. From a geographical point of view, the tombs of historical celebrities are mainly concentrated in the western suburbs. Among them, at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, there are more than 40 people who had a very important influence in the modern history of China.
Xiangshan Wanan Cemetery is the place with the most tombs of historical celebrities. There is a small garden surrounded by green bricks among the green pines and cypresses. The pioneer of the Chinese New Culture Movement and the founder of the Communist Party of China The first martyr Li Dazhao is buried here. In the cemetery stands a white marble statue of a martyr, standing tall and looking forward, showing the awe-inspiring righteousness of a revolutionary.
A few dozen meters to the right of the cemetery, there is a cemetery with a bluestone tombstone and a green washed stone tombstone, which looks very simple. This is the mausoleum of the famous writer Zhu Ziqing. His prose is familiar and appreciated by the world. Among them, "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", "Back View", "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Oars and Lamps" and other famous works are very popular. Not far from the tomb lies the modern writer Dai Wangshu, a representative poet of the Crescent Party. His song "Rain Lane" made him famous in the history of modern Chinese literature. Not far from here to the west, lies the legendary figure - Ma Zhanshan, a famous anti-Japanese general. His tomb faces east and west. The tomb cover is made of white marble. The forehead and sides of the tombstone are carved with exquisite tooth shapes. The tombstone is carved with large gilt characters. After the "September 18th Incident", General Ma rose up in the Northeast to resist the Japanese and fought a bloody battle at Jiangqiao. He fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Japanese and became famous at home and abroad. Not far from here, Dong Haichuan, the founder of Baguazhang and a master of martial arts in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was laid to rest. He was extremely skilled and witty, and many legendary stories about his killing of the rich and helping the poor have been passed down to this day. His tomb is of the Qing Dynasty style and has four monuments. It was built with donations from hundreds of disciples and looks simple and elegant. In addition, famous painters Wang Xuetao and Liu Jiyao, performing artists Mei Xi and Liu Xikui, Erhu master Jiang Fengzhi, and patriotic democrat Zhang Ximan are also buried here.
Another tomb of historical celebrities in Xiangshan is located on the west side of Biyun Temple. On a platform surrounded by green pines and cypresses, the famous Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang is buried. His tomb is carefully designed. A giant plum blossom is cast in cement in the center of the tomb. In the center of the flower lies Master Mei and his wife. A two-meter-high white marble tombstone is embedded in the rock wall behind the tomb, with the inscription "The Tomb of Mei Lanfang" Five dignified and beautiful running script characters. The stage art images created by Master Mei are still fresh in people's memory: Yang Guifei, Mu Guiying, Yu Ji, Wang Baochuan, etc. And his unique charm is even more memorable. Coincidentally, within a hundred feet away, many celebrities in the Peking Opera world are buried here, including Ma Lianliang, Wang Xiaolou, Yan Shaopeng, Zhou Hetong, etc. At the same time, Huqin masters Mei Yutian and Xu Lanyuan are also buried here. The clean and the ugly come together again, as if they are performing a good show for people that will never disappear.
To the north from here is a semicircular cement roof facing south and facing north. In front of the tomb stands a white marble stele with the words "Tomb of Anti-Japanese Martyr General Tong Linge" engraved on it. In front of the stele is a water mill offering table, and the surrounding hillsides are covered with pines and cypresses. On July 7, 1937, General Tong Linge led the 29th officers and soldiers in a bloody battle with the Japanese invaders by the Marco Polo Bridge, and finally died heroically at the age of 45. When the martyrs were buried, people from all walks of life set up incense burners to pay their respects, and people along the street stood in mourning. In order to commemorate him, a street in Fuchengmen, Beiping City at that time was renamed "Tonglinge Road". Not far from the tomb of the martyrs, two other celebrities in the history of modern Chinese culture are buried. One is Liu Bannong, a master of the New Culture Movement and a poet, whose song "Teach Me How to Miss Her" is sung to this day. His tomb is a stone square platform with a huge portrait of Mr. Liu inlaid on the front marble pillars. The other is Liu Tianhua, a famous music master and erhu performer, whose representative works "Bright Journey", "Good Night" and "Birds in the Empty Mountain" are known as modern music classics. His bluestone tombstone is less than one meter high and one and a half meters wide. The 500-word inscription records the great contribution the master made to Chinese national culture.
At the southern foot of Xiangshan Mountain lies the king of Western singing Wang Luobin. His tomb is backed by a green mountain and overlooks the capital. The black marble tombstone and tombstone are simple and elegant in design. The more than 600-word "Epitaph of National Musician Wang Luobin" is engraved on the tomb table, recording the old man's rough life. On the back of the tombstone is engraved the music score of "In That Distant Place" written by the old man. The handwriting is resolute and free and easy. The old man's masterpieces, such as "In That Faraway Place", "Alamohan", "Half Moon Climbs Up" and other songs, have been popular in China for more than half a century with their timeless emotions and beautiful melodies, and are known as the masterpieces of Chinese music. A classic.
In addition, buried at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain are Liang Qichao, a famous figure in China's modern history and the leader of the Reform Movement of 1898, Xiong Xiling, the prime minister of the Beiyang Warlord period and a famous philanthropist, and Xiong Xiling, who was once famous in the modern history of China. Wu Peifu, the direct leader of the Beiyang warlords, Duan Qirui, the Prime Minister of the Beiyang government, Sun Chuanfang, the Beiyang direct warlord, Han Fuqu, the chairman of the Shandong Province of the Kuomintang, and the great warlord Zhang Zongchang, etc.
There are so many historical celebrities gathered in the Xiangshan Scenic Area, which is only a few square kilometers in radius, which is rare in the country. It reflects the rich regional culture of Beijing from one aspect.
There is a quiet mountain col at the southern foot of Xianglu Peak in Xiangshan Mountain. It is formed by three consecutive peaks on the south, west and north sides, resembling a crescent moon. The name is: Langjiangou. Why it is called Langjiangou cannot be verified. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Rixia Jiuwen Kao", this place was once a quarry in the Ming Dynasty. The poet Jie Zhen described the hardships of quarrying in Langjiangou in his poem. To this day, there are still stones that have not been transported away deep in the col.
The geological structure here is mainly sandy shale, shale and volcanic rock. Among them, sand shale has a loose structure and high porosity, making it an ideal water-bearing rock formation. At the same time, sand shale is relatively soft and easily weathered and broken into soft soil. Dense shale is neither water nor permeable, making it an ideal aquifer. Therefore, in this mountain col, the mountains are green, the water is green, and the vegetation is lush. Hundreds of species of plants, including pine, cypress, maple, cotinus, mountain peach, rhododendron plum, jujube, etc., are spread throughout the mountains. In spring, the valley is filled with flowers, competing for their fragrance and beauty; in summer, the vegetation is shaded and quiet and cool; in autumn, the mountains are covered with red leaves, as if they were in a painting; in winter, the silvery mountains are plain and enchanting.
I heard from the old man here that there are many cotinus and maple trees on this mountain, which is the best place for viewing red leaves. The color of red leaves is different due to different tree species, different tree ages, different annual precipitations, and even the morning and evening of frost, the intensity of sunlight, the viewing angle, and the distance. And the color of the leaves is different every year, every day, and every hour. There are more than ten kinds of peach, purple, bright red, vermilion, scarlet, crimson, etc. It is really endlessly changing and charming. The red leaves in the morning are dew-filled, crystal clear and bright; at noon, the red leaves are as bright as brocade and fire; in the afternoon, as the mountain wind gradually picks up, the red leaves sway with the wind, creating bursts of red waves. Green pines and cypresses, set off with red leaves, deep, shallow, far, near, moving and still, look so harmonious and beautiful. It's exactly: "Qi Vale is not as beautiful as it is imitating, and it is difficult for a skilled craftsman to paint it."
There were also two people who were relatively famous in modern Chinese history in Xiangshan Langjiangou. One was the anti-Japanese hero Tong Linge. General. In the 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the general sacrificed his life for the country and died in battle. He was the first senior Kuomintang general to die in the Anti-Japanese War. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, a grand state funeral was held and he was buried on the hillside behind the former residence of General Langjiangou in Xiangshan Mountain. Every year, many people from home and abroad come to pay their respects. The other one is Wang Ying, an actress who was active on the Chinese drama and film stages in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1958, Wang Ying moved from the city to Langjiangou, Xiangshan, and lived there for eight years. Two novels, "Two Kinds of Americans" and "Bao Gu", were created here. Mr. Lao She often came here to visit her and gave her a poem: "All diseases can be cured by living in a small suburban garden, and the refreshing air of the Western Mountains enters the cottage. Outside the warm pine shade of the fragrant clouds, I read carefully the book on human revolution."
Xiangshan Langjiangou was the military camp of Zhenghuang Banner of Xiangshan Jianrui Camp in the Qing Dynasty. The place name of Zhenghuang Banner is still used today. On the hill to the east there is still the base of the iron tower that was used as a town camp. The red walls and gray tiles shaded by ancient trees in the south and the courtyards that follow the mountains were once the Eight Banners Higher Primary School. If you are lucky, you can still find remnants of porcelain tiles from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the valley.
Xiangshan in the western suburbs of Beijing: the legendary birthplace of "Dream of Red Mansions"
China Broadcasting Network 2005-08-23 09:59:35
This year is great It is the 290th anniversary of the birth of the famous writer Cao Xueqin. According to research by red scholars, in his later years, he brought books to Xiangshan in the western suburbs of Beijing. The legend that Cao Xueqin wrote "Dream of Red Mansions" is still circulated today——
■ "Daiyu" "The origin of"
It is said that Lin Daiyu in "A Dream of Red Mansions" was not called this name in the original "The Story of the Stone", but was changed by Cao Xueqin later.
According to legend, Cao Xueqin’s family originally lived in the city. When they moved to the western suburbs, their family was already very poor. In order to write books, he lived frugally, but sometimes he still couldn't afford paper and ink. One day, while he was writing a book, he ran out of ink. Now he was in trouble. At this time, his friend Mr. Obi came to visit and told him that there was a black stone in Cherry Valley called Daishi. Local women often used it to draw eyebrows, so it was also called thrush stone. I tried to use it to draw eyebrows. After passing the painting, why not find him and give it a try? After hearing what he said, Cao Xueqin went to Yingying Valley that afternoon and found some black stones. I took it home and tried it. I can actually write, but the color is a little lighter. So I found some broken ink and mixed it together, and tried again. The handwriting was clear, and then I used it to write a book.
Since the creation of "Dai Shi", Cao Xueqin no longer has to worry about running out of ink. Whenever she has time, she goes to Yingying Valley to pick up a few pieces, and then mixes them with some broken ink. Because Dai Shi provided convenience for him to write the book, in order to remember it, he changed the heroine's name to "Dai Yu" when revising the first draft. In the third chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions", there is a description of Dai Shi.
of.
It was during the Qianlong period that the emperor began to build a martial arts performance hall at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in order to review the Eight Banners Army. One day, Cao Xueqin came to the construction site and looked around. It was very lively. At this time, a tamping tune attracted him, and he quickly listened attentively: "Everyone said that / Gods are so good / I said that / Fame is that / He can't forget it / How many emperors and generals were there in ancient times Yeah/he’s dead and only covered with earth/hey!..." This tamping tune was sung three times, and Cao Xueqin was fascinated by it. When he got home, he kept thinking about the Dateng tune. He thought it was interesting, catchy and philosophical, so he took out a pen and paper and wanted to write down the words of the Dateng tune. But after thinking about it for a long time, I still couldn't remember all the words. The next day he went to the construction site again and found the master who took the call yesterday. He wanted to ask what the name of the tune "Everyone Says Gods Are Good" was called. The old master told him that the tune was called "Shenxian Tune", which was a famous Dapu tune. Then he sang it twice more, and this time Cao Xueqin memorized all the words.
Later, he adapted the words of the song "Shenxian Tune" and added many new words, and wrote it into a ballad, which was both catchy and easy to remember. It spread in the Xiangshan area. Later, he carefully revised the lyrics of this ballad, called it "Good Song", and wrote it into "A Dream of Red Mansions".
■Cao's Kites
Cao Xueqin is a skilled kite maker and a good kite maker. His kites not only have many styles, but also have unique shapes and fly very high. He is known as "Cao's Kites". "Kite" was once known as one of the "four major schools" of kites in Beijing during the Qianlong period, and was as famous as the famous Ha's kite, Jin's kite and Ma's kite at that time. At the same time, he has done a lot of research on kites and wrote a book about kites called "South Harrier and Bei Yuan Kao Gong Ji".
It is said that when Cao Xueqin was a teenager, his family was still very wealthy. There was a gardener named Liu among the servants who knew how to make dozens of kinds of kites, so Cao Xueqin quickly learned the lesson. Later, the Cao family was raided, and Cao Xueqin returned to Beijing. When he moved to Xiangshan, his family was already very poor, and sometimes they couldn't even afford paper and ink for writing books. One day, he saw someone flying kites on the river beach. He suddenly remembered the method of pasting kites he had learned and pasted a few. When the neighbor who does small business sees him, he will help him get it to the market to sell. When Cao Xueqin thought that she was short of money to buy paper and ink, she agreed. Because Cao Xueqin's kites were uniquely made, they were sold out as soon as they were brought to the market. When the neighbor handed the money he earned to Cao Xueqin, he said, "Just do it, and the sale will be on me." So Cao Xueqin put down the manuscript he was writing, and spent three days rushing out more than a dozen I asked my neighbor to sell a novel and unique kite. I made a lot of money and solved his urgent need by writing a book for him.
Because this kite was made by Cao Xueqin and was made with originality, it was called "Cao's kite". Within two years, this kind of kite became famous. Later, when Cao Xueqin wrote "Dream of Red Mansions", he also wrote specifically about flying kites. If you don't believe me, you can find it if you turn to Chapter 70.
■The origin of the manuscript of the last forty chapters
When it comes to the last forty chapters of "A Dream of Red Mansions", it is generally believed that they were written by Gao E. However, there is a legend in the Xiangshan area that it was also written by Gao E. Written by Cao Xueqin.
It is said that it took Cao Xueqin nearly ten years to write "A Dream of Red Mansions", and then he revised it repeatedly, five times. But he was never satisfied with the last forty chapters of the book, so he showed the first eighty chapters of the manuscript to his relatives and friends. Unexpectedly, it was soon circulated and copied, and the last forty chapters were still being revised. . By this time his health was getting worse and worse, and he died soon after.
While taking care of his funeral, someone found a lot of paper with writing on it, but when they thought that the people were gone, it was useless to keep the paper, so they cut it into paper money. Just when it was about to be burned, Cao Xueqin's friend Obi saw it. He quickly grabbed it and unfolded it. It happened to be the manuscript of the last forty chapters of "A Dream of Red Mansions". Although it was cut very messily, fortunately all the papers were intact. There is no shortage, as long as you spell it correctly, you can restore it, so I collected all the papers with words on them.
After finishing the funeral for Cao Xueqin, he began to repair the cut manuscripts. But who would have expected that he fell ill a few days after repairing it, and he remained ill for more than two years. As soon as his illness improved, he continued to repair the manuscript. Because the manuscript was too messy and too large, a private school teacher named Gao E was called in to help repair it. It took them a long time to repair the manuscript. Gao E first took the manuscript back and read it. The more he read, the more he loved it. He really liked it from the bottom of his heart, so he spent more than a month re-copying the entire manuscript and wrote many eyebrows on it. But before he could return it to Obi, he asked several friends to borrow it again. From then on, the last forty chapters of "A Dream of Red Mansions" began to be circulated among the people. Because Cao Xueqin had passed away for more than three years, the first eighty chapters of the book had already been circulated among the people, and Gao E's eyebrow writing was very literary, so people mistakenly thought that the last forty chapters were continued by Gao E. Therefore, When copying, his name was written behind Cao Xueqin. In fact, all 120 chapters of "A Dream of Red Mansions" were written by Cao Xueqin. (Hu Liping) [Source: Beijing Youth Daily]
④The cliff in Shuangqing Villa?
It is located in the southeast of Xiangshan Park and next to the ruins of Xiangshan Temple. It is said that Jin Zhangzong once dreamed of Yafa Spring gushing here. After digging the ground, he found the spring, so it was named "Menggan Spring". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty inscribed the word "Shuangqing" on the stone cliff next to the spring.
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⑤Yingtaigou Cliff?
"Tuigu": The two characters are at the entrance of Yingtaing Valley, on the east side of the huge stone outside the gate of "Luyan Jingshe", with the last sign "Ren Gong" The four small characters "Supplementary Question" were written by Mr. Liang Qichao.
"Defend North China": Located on the rocks near the source of the water, it is the moment when the Chinese National Liberation Pioneers held summer camp activities in the summer of 1936 in Beiping. The characters are arranged in a cross shape. The font is square and square, expressing the noble sentiments of patriotic youth.
The legend of the Beijing Chess Viewing Platform
It is said that if you stand on the empty platform behind Biyun Temple, you will see two monks sitting on a stone suspended in mid-air playing chess. There is a story about this.
Emperor Zhangzong Wanyanjing of the Jin Dynasty was fascinated by Xishan. He not only visited this area often, but also sealed places and left his name everywhere. One day, he came to this mesa. I saw two people sitting and playing chess in the mist. So, he selected a few able-bodied followers to climb up the cliff to have a look. After about half a day, the few followers came back and said: "Climbing up this trail, when we were almost at the top, we encountered a small hill. From this small hill, a large rock protruded toward the deep valley to the east. It was impossible to climb up. The sky is not touching the ground, like a broken bridge. There are two monks, an old man and a young man, playing chess. When Zhang Zong heard this, he immediately became interested in playing chess, and surrounded by people, he went to court. Climb where you play chess. As soon as he arrived at the mountain, Zhang Zong saw two monks playing chess and expressed his desire to play a game with them. Seeing the formation of stars holding the moon, the old monk knew that the visitor was a good one, so he said: "I have nothing to do today. I am just spending time with my disciples. How can I dare to fight against the benefactor?" Zhang Zong insisted on playing a game. The old monk said, "Okay, then I would like to ask the benefactor how to determine the outcome?" Zhang Zong replied that it would be limited to three games, and said that if he lost, he would donate a lot of money to build the temple, but he could not engrave the reason for building the temple on On the temple stele; if he wins chess, the monk must set up a stone stele here, engraved with a certain year, month and day that Zhang Zong won here.
When the old monk heard this, he realized that the emperor was concerned about face. He was afraid that he would be laughed at if he lost, but he also wanted to show off if he won, so he said: "In this case, you and my disciple will play two games first. If he loses, it will be mine. I will definitely set up a monument to record this." . Let’s play the third game.” Zhang Zong agreed because he thought he had an advantage. Who knows, this old monk is also tempted: If Zhang Zong is really a master, he will not lose face.
In the first set, Zhang Zong won; in the second set, the little monk won. The old monk had already understood Zhang Zong's tricks, so in the third set, the old monk won again. Zhang Zong went down the mountain dejectedly. As soon as the old monk thought that the emperor could not be offended, he took his young disciple and flew away. Zhang Zong heard that the old monk had left here, so he stopped talking about building the temple.
As time went by, this place became desolate, so people called this platform "chess viewing platform" and the stones used for playing chess "chessboard stone". It is said that the chess played at that time was Danqi, but it is unclear how it was played.