The two sets of synonyms in the ancient poem "Huashan" are: head - head; low - near, and the two sets of antonyms are: up - low; have - nothing. "Huashan", also known as "Ode to Huashan", was written by Kou Zhun, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty. The original text of the poem is as follows:
Only the sky is above, and there are no mountains to align with it.
The red sun is approaching when you raise your head, and the white clouds are low when you look back.
Vernacular interpretation: Standing on the high Huashan Mountain, there is only the blue sky above our heads, and no other mountain can compare with it. Looking up at the sky, the sun seems to be right in front of you; looking down at your feet, there are only steaming clouds and mist filling the mountainside.
Note: With Qi: The omission of Qi with, that is, there is no mountain that is on the same level as Huashan. Raise your head: raise your head. Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts" raised his head to look at the bright moon and lowered his head to think about his hometown. Looking back: This means lowering your head, which corresponds to "raising your head".
Extended information
"Huashan" is a poem written by Kou Zhun when he was seven years old. Kou Zhun was the prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was extremely intelligent, quick in thinking and well-spoken. According to historical records, when Kou Zhun was a child, his father held a banquet for guests, and he was drinking heavily. The guests asked Kou Zhun to use the nearby Huashan Mountain as his theme. The poet paced and thought in front of the guests, taking one step, two steps, and then casually recited the words on the third step. This is a five-character quatrain that has been passed down through the ages.
This is a poem that expresses emotion at the scene. Every sentence highlights the high and steep height of Huashan Mountain. The momentum is extraordinary and seems to fit the mountain. The dialogues are neat and rigorous, and the wording is precise, setting off without any trace. The towering, majestic and steepness of Huashan Mountain is reflected, such as "only" and "none" in the first two sentences and "near" and "low" in the last two sentences, both of which are used very accurately and cleverly.
"Only the sky is above, and there are no mountains to match it." These two lines of poems mean that the only thing higher than Huashan Mountain is the blue sky, and there is no mountain peak that can be level with it, which expresses the majesty of Huashan Mountain. Extremely towering. The word "only" means that Huashan Mountain is extremely high, and the only thing higher than Huashan Mountain is the blue sky; "nothing" means that Huashan Mountain is the only highest mountain, and no other mountain peak can be equal to it.
“The red sun is approaching when you raise your head, and the white clouds are low when you look back.” These two sentences mean that when you stand on the top of a high mountain, you raise your head and look up at the sky, and the red sun seems to be right next to you. Above the head; looking down at the feet, steaming clouds and mist are lingering halfway up the mountain. The word "near" after "red sun" and the word "low" after "white clouds" strongly set off the towering and steepness of Huashan Mountain.
The poem is very real. Only tourists who have climbed to the top of Mount Huashan can have such a feeling. These two poems also reveal the author's heroic feelings in his political career and entire life journey. Both "red sun" and "white clouds" seem to have allegorical meanings. It can be used to describe mountain scenery and the mood of mountaineering, and it can also express the author's spirit of welcoming light and defying difficulties.