The expression "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight" means "The lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to my passenger ship at midnight."
The source of the work
The work comes from a night-mooring near maple bridge, a poem written by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he passed through Hanshan Temple.
The original work
a night-mooring near maple bridge
[ Tang] Zhang Ji
frosty night and Jiang Feng are fishing and sleeping.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to the passenger ship.
Creative background
In the 12th year of Tianbao (753), Zhang Ji passed the Jinshi. In January of the 14th year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and in June of the 15th year of Tianbao, Xuanzong rushed to Shu. Because the political situation in Jiangnan was relatively stable at that time, many scribes fled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to avoid chaos, including Zhang Ji. One autumn night, the poet berthed at the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries, which made him appreciate a poetic beauty with meaningful feelings and wrote this poem with a clear artistic conception.
In this poem, the poet accurately and delicately tells the observation and feelings of a passenger ship night sleeper on the night scene in late autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and sketches the scenes of the moonfall, the frosty night, the fishing in the river maple, the lonely boat passengers and so on. In addition, this poem also fully shows the author's thoughts about traveling, his worries about home and country, and his worries about being in troubled times and not having a home. It is a masterpiece of writing worries.
Appreciation of works
This seven-line poem is unified with the word "one sorrow". The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frost all over the sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire and sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meaning and rhyme. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the temple, the boat and the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. Fishing and fire are lit on the autumn night by the river, and the passengers lie down and smell the bells in the quiet night. The selection of all the scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and one is dark, and the collocation of the scenery and the mood of the characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for future generations.
The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: the setting of the moon, the crow and the frosty sky. The first quarter moon rose early and sank at midnight, leaving only a gray light and shadow in the whole sky. The crow in the tree probably woke up with a start because of the change of light and shade before and after the moon set, and made several crows. The moon sets late at night, and it is frosty and dark. In the dark and quiet environment, people's feeling of cold at night becomes particularly acute. The description of "frost all over the sky" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (the frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it completely conforms to the poet's feelings: the chill that invades the muscles and bones in the middle of the night, and the boat that the poet berths at night from all directions, makes him feel that the boundless night air outside him is filled with frost all over the sky. The whole sentence, written by the moon setting, written by the crow and heard, written by the frost all over the sky, clearly reflects a successive time process and feeling process. And all these are harmoniously unified in the lonely and cold atmosphere of the autumn night in the water town and the lonely and lonely feeling of the travelers. From here, we can see the poet's meticulous thinking.
In addition, some people think that the first poem describes the scene in the early morning: crows crowed, the moon went down, it was dawn, and glistening frost was everywhere. The last three sentences use flashback method, and the poet is in a state of insomnia all night.
The second sentence of the poem goes on to describe the characteristic scene of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" and the feelings of travelers. In the dim night, the trees along the river can only see a vague outline. Perhaps the reason why they are called "Jiangfeng" is a speculation caused by the name of Fengqiao, or the image of "Jiangfeng" is chosen to give readers a hint of autumn and autumn. "There is a maple on the water in Zhanjiang River, which hurts the longing for spring" and "There is no sorrow on the green maple". These poems of predecessors can explain the emotional content deposited in the word "Jiang Feng" and its association. Through the misty river, you can see a few "fishing fires" dotted around, which are particularly eye-catching and fascinating because of the dim and misty background around them. "Jiangfeng" and "Fishing Fire", one is quiet and one is moving, one is dark and one is bright, one is on the river, and the combination of scenery is quite intentional. When I wrote this, I pointed out the travelers who were berthing at Fengqiao Bridge. "Sleeping in sorrow" refers to a traveler lying on a boat with travel worries. The word "dui" in "DuiMian" contains the meaning of "companion", but it is not as exposed as the word "companion". There are indeed lonely travelers here who are haunted by the lingering light worries when they are fishing on a frosty night, but at the same time they imply a fresh feeling of the beautiful scenery of the journey.
The front scene of the poem is very dense, and the fourteen words describe six scenes, but the back picture is particularly sparse. In two poems, only one thing is written: the night bell of the Sleeping Mountain Temple. This is because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic impression that the poet got in a night-mooring near maple bridge. The scene of the moonfall, the frosty night, the fishing in the river, the lonely boat, etc., has shown the characteristics of a night-mooring near maple bridge from all aspects, but it is not enough to convey its charm. In the dark night, people's sense of hearing rises to the first place to feel the sight of external things. And the silent night bell gives a particularly strong impression. In this way, the "midnight bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth and clearness of the night, and the poet's unspeakable feelings when he lies listening to the bell are all beyond words.
It seems that "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" cannot be ignored here. Hanshan Temple, located in the west of Fengqiao, was first built in the Liang Dynasty. Hanshan, a poet and monk in the early Tang Dynasty, once lived here, hence its name. The poetic beauty of Fengqiao, with this ancient temple, brings the color of history and culture, which makes it more abundant and moving. Therefore, the "midnight bell" of Hanshan Temple seems to reverberate with the echo of history, permeated with religious feelings, and gives people a sense of quaint solemnity. It seems that the poet used a poem to point out the source of the bell. With the stroke of midnight bell of Hanshan Temple, the charm of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" can be perfectly expressed, and this poem no longer stays at the level of pure scenery painting of Fengqiao autumn night, but creates a typical artistic conception of blending scenes. Although the wind habit of midnight was recorded as early as in Nan Shi, it was Zhang Ji's creation to write it into poetry and become the eye of poetic artistic conception. At the same time or after Zhang Ji, although many poets described midnight, they never reached the level of Zhang Ji, let alone created a complete artistic conception.
Author's brief introduction
Zhang Ji (about 715~ 779) was born in Yi Sun, Han nationality, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei). Tang Dynasty poet, his life is unknown. According to the records of various schools, it is only known that he was a scholar in the twelfth year of Tianbao (AD 753). In the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, the ancestral department of the school, was the salt and iron judge of Hongzhou (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). His poems are hearty, incisive, deep and profound, and have a great influence on later generations. But unfortunately, less than 5 songs have been handed down. His most famous poem is a night-mooring near maple bridge.