Answer to Wang Twelve’s Drinking Alone on a Cold Night with Pregnancy Original text:
It snowed in Wuzhong last night, and Ziyoujia was in good spirits. Thousands of miles of floating clouds roll over the blue mountains, and a lonely moon flows in the middle of the blue sky. The lonely moon Canglang River Han Qing, Beidou scattered Chang Geng Ming. The night when Huaiyu drank wine was white with frost, and the jade bed and golden well were towering with ice. Life may be fleeting for a hundred years, but love must be enjoyed for eternity. You can't imitate cockfighting with raccoon paste and gold talons, and sit still and let your breath blow the rainbow. You can't imitate Ge Shu, wandering Qinghai at night with a knife, and slaughtering stone fortresses in the west to get purple robes. Reciting poems and composing poems in the north window, I can't say enough about a glass of water. Everyone in the world turned around when they heard this, just like the east wind hitting a horse's ear. The fish's eyes also laughed at me, saying they were the same as the bright moon. Hualiu can't eat when he's fisting, but he can't eat because of his donkey's ambition. "Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are in line with popular customs, and the king of Jin listened to the qin and listened to "Qingjiao" in vain. "Baren" who is willing to harmonize with "Yangchun"? Chu land still has cheap Qi Pu. The gold is gone and the transaction cannot be concluded, and the white head is taken lightly because of the Confucianism. Every conversation and laughter loses its color, and flies and beetles make noises. Is Zeng Shen a murderer? The three slanderous words shocked the loving mother. When discussing with you and holding your hand, how can there be honor or disgrace? Kong Sheng still heard that Feng Lin was hurt, and Dong Long was even worse! A life of pride, misery and disharmony, kindness and sparseness, good work and good will. Yan Ling Gao bowed to the emperor of Han Dynasty, why should he hold a long sword and lean on the jade steps. Being rich is not expensive enough, and being poor is not sad enough. Han Xin was ashamed to send Jiang Guanbi, but you were ashamed to kill Gu'er. If you don't see Li Beihai, where is his heroism and heroism now? Don't you see Pei Shangshu? There are wormwood and thorns living in the earthen tomb! The young man had long wanted to go to the Five Lakes, but when he saw this place, he saw the bells and cauldrons sparse. Reply to Wang Twelve Cold Nights Drinking Alone with Feelings Translation and Commentary
Translation There was a heavy snowfall in Wuzhong last night, and you were as high-spirited as Wang Ziyou. Thousands of floating clouds surround the green mountains, and a lone moon swims in the middle of the sky. The lonely moon is cool and cold, and the Milky Way is clear and clear. The Taibai star is crystal clear and the Big Dipper stars are scattered all over the place. On a night when white frost spreads on the ground, you miss me over wine, and the well platform with gold and jade sculptures is frozen and majestic. A hundred years of life is just a fleeting moment, and you have to drink wine to vent your eternal sorrow. You can't imitate the cockfighting man who gets favored by flattery and blows the neon light from his nostrils. You can't imitate Shu Han, the warrior brother of Longyou, who rode across Qinghai on horseback and held a sword, bloodbathed the stone fortress, and became a purple-robed hero. You can only recite poems and compose poems under the north window, even if you have thousands of words, they are not as useful as a cup of water. People in this world turn away when they hear poems and poems, just like a gust of east wind blowing in the ears of a horse. The stupid people actually came to laugh at me, boasting that their talents were the same as Mingyue Baozhu. The thousand-mile horse is hunched over and unable to eat or drink, yet it roars triumphantly in the spring breeze. Songs like "Zhe Yang" and "Huang Hua" are in line with popular tastes. How can Duke Ping of Jin be worthy of listening to music like "Qing Jiao"? How can someone who is used to singing "Ba Ren" music be willing to respond to the elegant music of "Yangchun"? Chu people have always despised precious jade. Even though the gold is gone but he has not found a close friend, the scholar with flowing white hair is still looked down upon. As they talked and laughed, their expressions suddenly changed, and then there were villains like flies making accusations. How could Zeng Shen be a murderer? But Sanjin Yiyan still shocked his mother. I hold your hand and tell you what’s in my heart. For me, honor and disgrace are already things outside of me. I heard that the sage Kong also lamented the phoenix and the unicorn. What kind of chicken and dog is Dong Long! It is difficult to get along with powerful people if you are arrogant throughout your life. You will be alienated from the emperor, your recommendations will be in vain, and your ambition will be difficult to realize. Yan Ziling bowed his head and refused to pay homage to the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, so why should I serve the Emperor with my chin on my sword! Being prosperous is not expensive, and poverty is not enough to worry about. At that time, Han Xin was ashamed to associate with Zhou Bo and Guan Ying, and you were ashamed to associate with Tugu's children. Don't you see Li Beihai, where is his heroic spirit now? Don't you see Pei Shangshu? The three-foot earthen tomb is covered with wormwood and thorns! When I was young, I wanted to learn from Fan Li and roam around the five lakes. Seeing these, I wanted to stay away from wealth and fame.
Notes 1. Wang Twelve: His life is unknown. Wang Zeng gave Li Bai a poem called "Drinking Alone on a Cold Night with Feelings", and Li Bai responded with this poem. 2. Ziyou: that is, Wang Ziyou. "Shishuo Xinyu·Ren Dan": "The prince lived in the shade of the mountain, it snowed heavily at night, he slept, opened his room and drank wine, looked around at the bright sky, and because of hesitation, he chanted Zuo Si's poem "Zhao Yin", and suddenly recalled Dai An's words At that time, Dai was in Yan, so he took a boat there at night. When he arrived at the place, he didn't go to the door and returned. The king said, "I was traveling in a hurry." ” This uses Ziyou to represent the twelve kings. 3. Zhongdao: middle. Liu Guyue: The moon moves in the sky. 4. Canglang: Canglang. Wang Qi's note: "Canglang, also known as Cangliang, means cold." Here it means coolness. Hehan: Galaxy. 5. Chang Geng: The name of the star, namely Taibaijin Star. "Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Dadong": "There is Qiming in the east and Changgeng in the west." In ancient times, Venus that appeared in the west at dusk was called Chang Geng Star. 6. Jade bed: This refers to the ornately decorated railings on the well. 7. Fox ointment: grease made from fox meat. It is applied on the heads of chickens during cockfights. The other side's chickens will be afraid to retreat when they smell the smell. Golden spur: a metal piece that is put on the chicken feet to make the chicken feet sharper. 8. "Sitting order" sentence: Wang Qi's note: "Xuanzong was fond of fighting cocks, and those who used fighting cocks to worship him, such as Wang Zhun and Jia Chang, were all awesome and formidable." Li Bai's "Ancient Style: Flying Dust from Carts": "If you encounter a fighting cock on the road, your crown will be so brilliant, and your nose will be dry and rainbow-colored." 9. Geshu: Geshuhan, a general in the Tang Dynasty and a member of the Geshu tribe of the Turkic tribe. He once served as the military governor of Longyou and Hexi. "Taiping Guangji" Volume 495 "Miscellaneous Records": "In Tianbao, Ge Shuhan was the governor of Anxi. He controlled thousands of miles of land and was very commanding. Therefore, I sang in the west: "The Big Dipper is high, Ge Shu brought his sword with him at night, and killed all the Tubo troops, and built two more fortresses. This refers to the eight-year-old Ge Shu Han who led an army to attack Tubo's Shibao City. "The Biography of Ge Shuhan in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty" says: "The Tubo people defended Shibao City on a long and dangerous road, and they did not pull out for a long time. For eight years, hundreds of thousands of herders from Shuofang and Hedong attacked Shibao City.
The envoy Han's generals attacked Gao Xiuyan and Zhang Shouyu and captured them within ten days. His merits were recorded, and he was appointed a member of the imperial court, a minister of foreign ministers, and a son of a fifth-rank official. He was given a thousand pieces of goods, a village and a house, and he was also photographed by the imperial censor. ” 10. Purple robe: The attire worn by officials of the third rank and above in the Tang Dynasty. 11. Not straight: not worth it. "Straight" leads to "value". Song Huangsheng's "Moon over the River" lyrics: "It's good to write poems and recite poems in an empty space, not to drink a cup of autumn dew." 12. The bright moon: a kind of precious pearl. "Selected Works" Volume 29 Zhang Xie's "Ten Miscellaneous Poems" No. 5: "The fish's eyes laugh at the bright moon." Zhang Xian's annotation: "The fish's eyes are the white ones of the fish. The bright moon is also the pearl." The fish's eyes are confused with the bright moon pearl, which is a metaphor for the villains in the court. 13. Hualiu: a fine horse, which refers to a talented person. 14. Jian (jiǎn) donkey: a lame donkey, which means a traitor. 15. Zheyang, Huanghua: ancient folk songs. Huanghua is also called Huanghua and Huanghua. "Zhuangzi·Heaven and Earth": "The sound of "Zheyang" and "Huanghua" is not heard by the ears, but "Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are so funny that they laugh." Cheng Xuanying Shu: ""Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are ancient folk songs. "Yeah, I was playing in the wild, so I was so excited." 16. Qing Jiao: The name of the tune. Legend has it that only a virtuous king can listen to this tune, otherwise it will cause disaster. According to "Han Feizi·Ten Guo": In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Ping of Jin forced Shi Kuang to play "Qing Jiao" for him. As a result, there was a severe drought in Jin for three years, and Duke Ping also fell ill. 17. Ba Ren: That is, "Xialiba Ren", a relatively popular tune in ancient times. Yangchun: That is, "Yangchun Baixue", a relatively elegant tune in ancient times. 18. Qi Pu (pu): Rare and beautiful jade. "Pu" is a stone with beautiful jade inside. "Han Feizi·Heshi": "He and the Chu people got a jade parchment in Chu Mountain and presented it to King Li. King Li sent a jade man to look at it. The jade man said: "It's a stone." The king used He as a deception and cut it into pieces. When King Li died, King Wu came to the throne, and He presented it to King Wu. King Wu sent a jade man to look at it, and said, "Stone." King Wu took it as a trick and cut off his right foot. After he ascended the throne, He Nai hugged Qi Pu and cried at the foot of Chu Mountain. For three days and three nights, his tears were gone, and then there was blood. When the king heard about it, he sent people to ask him why, and said: "There are many people who cut off their heads in the world, and I am so sad for crying." "Yes?" He said: "I am not sad to cut off the jade, but I am sad that my husband's precious jade is named as a stone, and the honest man calls it a lie. This is why I am sad." . So it was called Heshi's Bi." 19. Fly: a metaphor for a slanderer. "Poetry·Xiaoya·Blue Fly": "The blue flies are camping and stopping at Fan. How can a gentleman be a younger brother who has no faith and slanders." Bei Jin: A patterned shell, here is a metaphor for slander. "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Xiangbo": "The luxuriant flowers are blooming, and the flowers are like brocade. Those who slander others have gone too far." The meaning of these two sentences is: if you are not careful while talking and laughing, you will be slandered. People are slandered as sins. 20. Zeng Shen: A native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and a disciple of Confucius. "Warring States Policy: Qin Policy 2": "Zengzi made a charge of killing people who had the same surname as Zengzi. People told Zengzi's mother, saying: "Zeng Shen killed people." Zengzi's mother said: "My son does not kill people." Zhi Ziruo. After a while, another person said: "Zeng Shen killed someone." His mother was still Zhiruo. After a while, another person said, "Zeng Shen killed someone." His mother was afraid and threw a tree over the wall. 21. Hurt Feng. Lin: "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Zihan said: 'If the phoenix bird does not come, the river does not flow out of the map, I am already dead!'" "Historical Records·Confucius' Family": "In the spring of the fourteenth year of Duke Ai of Lu, Uncle Sun's chariot was Shang caught the beast and thought it was ominous. Zhongni looked at it and said, "Lin Ye." He sighed and said, "If the river does not come out, the book will not come out, I am dead!" Yan Yuan died, and Confucius said, "God is mourning me!" ’ When he saw Lin in the west, he said: ‘My way is poor.’” 22. Dong Long: Volume 100 of Zizhi Tongjian, Jin Dynasty, in the twelfth year of Emperor Mu’s reign: “King Sikong of Qin was resolute. His right servant. When I shoot Dong Rong, I will serve the powerful country as a sycophant, and I will treat him like an enemy. Every time I see him, Rong will not say anything to him, or he will say: "Dong Jun is so lucky, I will accept it." What kind of chicken is Dong Long? Now the country’s scholars are talking about it!” Hu Sansheng’s note: “Dragon, Dong Rong’s small character.” 23. Disharmony: Can’t follow the customs. 24. Enshu: This refers to the estrangement of kindness from the king. Matchmaker: Guidance and recommendation are all in vain. Guai: Things backfired. 25. Yan Ling: The hermit Yan Guang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also known as Zi Ling, was a classmate of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. After Liu Xiu became emperor, Yan Guang lived in seclusion. The emperor personally visited him, but Yan finally refused the order (see "Yi Min Biography" in Volume 83 of "Book of the Later Han"). 26. Hold Yi with a long sword: The long sword touches the cheek. Describes the length of the sword. "Warring States Policy·Qi Ce Sixth": "The crown is as big as a dustpan, and the sword is supported by the Yi." Serving on the jade steps: serving the emperor under the jade steps of the palace. 27. Han Xin: a general in the early Han Dynasty, a native of Huaiyin. During the Chu-Han War, he was named King of Qi. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, he was renamed King of Chu and later demoted to Marquis of Huaiyin. "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin" records: After Han Xin was demoted to the Marquis of Huaiyin, he often said that he was ill and refused to go to court, and he was ashamed to be ranked alongside Jianghou Zhoubo and Yingyinhou Guanying. 28. Mi Heng: A Ci Fu scholar in the late Han Dynasty. Volume 11 of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"? "Biography of Mi Heng": "Mi Heng... was rarely talented in arguing, but he was resolute and slow to change things... At that time, the capital was newly built, and wise men and officials gathered from all directions. Or ask Heng He said: "Does Yong follow Chen Changwen and Sima Boda?" He said to him: "How can I follow Tu Gu'er?" 29. Li Beihai: Li Yong. 30. Pei Shangshu: Pei Dunfu, who was the Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Li and Pei were both talented men at that time, but they were killed by Li Linfu at the same time. 31. Five Lakes: Taihu Lake and the four surrounding lakes. Going to the Five Lakes is based on the story of Fan Li, a Yue State official in the Spring and Autumn Period, who retired after becoming successful and lived in seclusion in the Five Lakes (see "Historical Records: Biography of Huo Shi"), which shows that he has had the ambition to live in seclusion since his youth. 32. Mi: More. Bells and tripods, ringing bells and rowing tripods to eat, describe the pomp of noble families. Here it refers to wealth.
An appreciation of Li Bai's anti-power spirit. The poem is long and has many allusions, so it is not easy to understand, but you must understand it. Wang Twelve: He is a friend of Li Bai. He gave Li Bai a poem called "Drinking Alone on a Cold Night with Love". Li Bai's poem was a reply poem and was written about the eighth year of Tianbao. This was after Li Bai became the eldest daughter-in-law. . The whole poem can be divided into four paragraphs: The first paragraph: "Last night it snowed in Wuzhong, and I must have a hearty and eternal love." It mainly writes about the imaginary scene of Wang Twelve drinking alone and missing himself on a cold night.
The first two sentences of "It snowed in Wuzhong last night, and Ziyou was in good spirits" use the allusion of Prince Youxue's night visit to Dai Kui. According to "Shishuo Xinyu", Prince You of the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived in Shanyin, Wudi. He took a boat on a snowy night to visit his friend Dai Kui. When I got there, I felt nostalgic and returned after being exhausted. Why did I have to go to see Dai Kui? Wang Twelve and Wang Ziyou have the same surname. The former is pregnant with friends on a cold night, while the latter is visiting friends on a snowy night. The situation is the same. This is a metaphor for Wang Ziyou, a friend with wonderful interests. He suddenly became very interested, firstly he saw the beautiful scenery, and secondly he missed this old friend. This sentence means that you miss me just like Wang Zi Youxue visits his friend Dai Kui at night and gives me warm poems. The next six sentences describe the night scene of Wang Twelve drinking alone on a cold night. The environment is beautifully written. "Thousands of miles of floating clouds roll over the green mountains, and a lone moon flows in the middle of the blue sky." It means that the light clouds float across the green mountain peaks, and a lonely bright moon moves in the blue sky. "The lonely moon in Canglang River is clear in Han Dynasty, and the Beidou is scattered in the sky." It is said that the lonely moon is so cold, the Milky Way is so clear, the Beidou stars are twinkling, and Venus is exceptionally bright. These four sentences describe the situation on a cold night: the sky is cloudless, there is not only the moon and the Milky Way, but also the Big Dipper and the Chang Geng star are very bright. This refers to the Foolish Dipper in the sky. "Huaiyu drinks wine at night and is white with frost, and the jade bed is filled with gold and ice." The bed refers to the railings of the derrick. "Jade, gold" is a modifying term. These two sentences say that Wang Twelve misses drinking alone in the cold night. The ground outside the house is covered with white frost. Through the moonlight, he can see that thick ice has formed around the beautiful and smooth derrick railings. The last two sentences of this paragraph are the author's emotions. "Life will be erratic for a hundred years, but it will last forever." "Erratic" means very fast. It means that when people live in this world, they will soon spend their limited life. Let's express our eternal feelings by drinking freely! These two sentences are transitional sentences connecting the previous and the next.
This paragraph is a narrative, pointing out that Wang Twelve drank alone in the cold night and had feelings, and also expressed Li Bai's attitude. After that, the poet expresses his emotions.
"You can't imitate cockfighting by using raccoons and gold as the east wind shoots at horses' ears." is the second paragraph: Write about Wang Twelve's conduct and the cold reception he received in society. Criticize the favored ministers and dignitaries to win favors from cockfights, and kill to gain credit. "If you don't see the raccoon paste and the golden distance, you are learning to fight cocks. You are just sitting here, letting your breath blow the rainbow." "Cockfighting" is a unique social phenomenon in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, cockfighting was popular in the palace to compare the outcome. Because this kind of thing is popular in the palace, it is also quite popular in the palace, nobles, and the homes of dignitaries. Because cockfighting can lead to promotion and wealth, some people make a career out of cockfighting. They can even enter the palace and gain wealth because they are good at domesticating cockfighting cocks. There is an article in the legends of the Tang Dynasty called "Dongcheng Old Man's Biography", which tells about the cockfighting boy Jia Chang during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (the scene of fighting "promoting weaving" appeared in later generations). "Raccoon ointment", fox oil, chickens are afraid of foxes. During cockfighting, fox oil is applied on the chicken's head. The other chicken will run away as soon as it smells the smell. "Golden spur" refers to the thorns mounted on the chicken's feet, used to stab the opponent's chicken. These two sentences say that you will not learn from those people who specialize in cockfighting and play tricks. They are favored by cockfighting, and they are arrogant and domineering. This is "not learning at all". "You cannot imitate Ge Shu, who carried a sword across Qinghai at night and massacred stone forts in the west to get a purple robe." "Geshu" refers to Ge Shuhan. He carried a sword and went rampant in Qinghai. He was promoted to a high position by bloodbathing stone forts. Ge Shuhan was a famous general during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Tianbao's reign, he fought against the Tubo people and paid a heavy price when he attacked Shibao City. Many people died, and Ge Shuhan was promoted because of this. "Purple robe", Tang's third-rank officials and above wore purple robes. Folk songs include "Geshu carries a knife at night". This sentence says that you should not rely on war to fight for personal wealth. This is the second brother who cannot be imitated by Shu Han. The above four sentences on the one hand praised Wang Twelve's integrity, on the other hand they satirized and criticized the likes of Dou Chong and Ge Shuhan, and criticized Tang Xuanzong who favored them. Li Bai publicly accused Ge Shuhan of this, thinking that he sacrificed tens of thousands of lives to capture Shibao City; just like inviting favors for cockfights, it was a despicable act of flattering the ruler in exchange for favor. This was something no one dared to do at the time. These two "unable to learn" are both seeking personal fame through improper means: one is purely for the emperor's enjoyment; the other is militaristic and guarding the border. In Li Bai's view, these are not taking the right path, and they are all seeking fame through evil means, so they cannot take this path. "Reciting poems and writing poems. In the north window, ten thousand words can't be said for a glass of water. Everyone in the world turned around when they heard this, just like the east wind hitting a horse's ear." "Reciting poems and writing poems", composition. A thousand words written are not worth a cup of light water in this world. When people in the world hear that you recite poems and compose poems, they turn their heads away. The first four sentences say that Wang Twelve cannot please the emperor. These four sentences say that he does not even have the social status he deserves. He spends all day shut up in his room reciting poems and composing poems. In fact, no matter how much he writes, it is not worth a penny, because the world simply does not Ignoring and stepping on him is like the east wind blowing on a horse's ears, no matter how hard it blows, it will remain indifferent. Li Bai borrowed Wang Twelve and wrote about his own and other people with lofty ideals' roughly similar personalities and experiences.
"The fish's eyes also laugh at me - three slanderous words and a loving mother's surprise" is the third paragraph: it exposes a society that does not distinguish between black and white, virtuous and foolish, hints at the unclearness of the court, and expresses one's own anger at being ostracized and persecuted.
"The fish's eyes also laughed at me, saying they were the same as the bright moon." "Mingyue" refers to the bright moon. These two sentences use the idiom "fish eyes mixed with pearls", saying that those worldly villains with fish eyes come to laugh at me and praise their talents as rare in the world as bright pearls in the night. "The Hualiu fist can't eat, but the donkey has the ambition to sing in the spring breeze." "Hualiu" is a red horse, which is a metaphor for virtuous people. "Fist" must not be extended. "Jian donkey" is a lame donkey, which is a metaphor for worldly villains. These two sentences mean that in today's world, virtuous people like good horses are suppressed and cannot get food and clothing, while villains like lame donkeys are prosperous. ""Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are in line with popular customs, and the king of Jin was in vain when he listened to the piano." "Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are two popular popular songs in ancient times. "Jin Jun", Duke Wen of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Qing Jiao" is said to have been a song written by the emperor and could only be played to talented people. According to "Han Feizi's Ten Defects", Jin Ping had a weak moral character, but he forced Shi Kuang to play "Qing Jiao" for him, which caused a storm and the Jin Dynasty There was a severe drought for three years. These two sentences say that low-level and ordinary songs such as "Zheyang" and "Huanghua" are in line with the appetite of secular people; it is not in vain that Jin Pinggong wanted to appreciate the high-end and noble "Qingjiao". People like Jin Jun simply cannot understand noble and advanced music. Here, the king of Jin is used to metaphor Xuanzong's lack of virtue and his failure to appoint virtuous people. This was said rather intensely. "Who among the Ba people is willing to harmonize with "Yangchun"? The origin of the Chu land is Qi Pu." "Ba people" refers to scholars who like to sing popular songs. "Yangchun" and "Yangchun Baixue" are the names of elegant songs. "Qi Pu" rare jade. "Pu" refers to a stone with beautiful jade inside. This is a reference to the He family's offering of Pu, which satirizes Xuanzong for not recognizing talents. These two sentences say that no secular person is willing to sing the elegant tune "Spring Snow". I heard that beautiful jade has never been known in Chu. At this point, Li Bai wrote about two situations: a noble person, noble character, and noble talents are not recognized, affirmed, and understood in this world, while those who are low-level, humble, and unworthy of their talents are Instead, people are recognized, affirmed, and tolerated. He said these words with a strong sense of indignation. So in some places it amounts to cynicism. For example, in the two sentences "Hua Liu", a good horse can't do anything if it doesn't have enough to eat, but the lame donkey is very happy. The above eight sentences focus on the love affair between wise and foolish people, and express their feelings of not being able to appreciate their talents. The following six sentences focus on love affairs where there is no distinction between black and white, friends are lost, slander is rampant, and slander is prevalent, and they express one's feelings about being slandered. "The gold is gone and the deal cannot be concluded, and the white head is taken lightly because of the Confucianism." Even if all the gold is gone, he will not be able to interact with the world. As a Confucian scholar, he will be despised by the secular society all his life. "When you talk and laugh, you lose your color, and the fly and the shellfish make a noise." "Fly" is a metaphor for slandering people, and "beijin" is a metaphor for sweet words. This is all an allusion from the Book of Songs, which means that the villain's slanderous voice is very noisy. These two sentences say that the slanders of worldly villains are everywhere, and hearing them while talking and laughing makes one feel ashamed. "Is Zeng Shen a murderer? He was frightened by three slanderous words." This allusion comes from Liu Xiang's "New Preface: Miscellaneous Things". Zeng Shen was a disciple of Confucius and a famous filial son. When he was in the state of Zheng, a man with the same surname killed someone. The news reached his mother's ears. She didn't believe that her son would kill someone the first two times, so the rumors became more and more frequent. In the end, she actually believed it and was frightened. He quickly dropped the weaving shuttle in his hand, climbed over the wall and ran away. Here it means that slander is to be feared. These two sentences say how could the ancient sage Zeng Shen be a murderer? Three consecutive rumors frightened his mother, who trusted him the most. The above-mentioned articles focus on criticizing the world's customs, revealing that there is no distinction between the wise and the foolish in the world, the wise are slandered, and the villains are rampant in their ambitions.
"Discuss with the king and hold the king's hand" - the end, the fourth paragraph: it expresses the decision to refuse officialdom and official career.
"If we discuss with you and hold your hand, there will be no honor or disgrace." "Jun" refers to the twelve kings. These two sentences say, hold your hand and say what is in your heart, what do glory and shame mean to me? "Confucius Sheng still hurts Feng Lin, Dong Long is even worse than a chicken dog." "Fenglin" refers to the phoenix and the unicorn, which were considered auspicious things in ancient times. Confucius once felt sad when the phoenix bird did not come and the unicorn was captured, thinking that he was born in troubled times and his ideals failed; Dong Long was the right servant of the former Qin Dynasty who shot Dong Rong ( Xiaobanlong) gained favor by flattering the emperor. This refers to Xuanzong's favorites Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong. These two sentences say that the saint Kong was sad because he was born at the wrong time and his dreams were difficult to achieve, let alone himself? The most detestable thing is that people like Dong Long are favored by flattery. They are really shameless chickens and dogs. This sentence talks about powerful figures in society, and the following sentence turns my thoughts to the emperor. "A life of arrogance and bitterness is not harmonious, kindness is sparse and matchmaking labor is good." "Xie" is harmonious, and "kindness is sparse and matchmaking labor" is borrowed from "Chu Ci·Nine Songs·Xiangjun" "Different hearts are like matchmaking, and kindness is not very generous." Absolutely." "Matchwork", the person who recommended me is in vain. The people who introduced me to the court and the emperor were in vain. He said that although he was recommended to the capital, he gradually became alienated from Xuanzong. "Being good" doesn't go well. "Zhi Duo Bei" means that one's own wishes cannot be realized. These two sentences say that he was arrogant by nature and suffered from incompatibility with the world. He was recommended but not appreciated by the emperor, which made it impossible to realize his great ambitions. "Yan Ling is so high that he bows to the emperor of Han Dynasty. Why should he hold a long sword and lean on the jade steps?" "Yan Ling" is the abbreviation of Yan Ziling. When Yan Ziling was young, he was a classmate of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty. After Emperor Guangwu succeeded to the throne, he did not want to become a minister, but still treated each other as a friend, bowing for a long time but refusing to bow.
These two sentences say that since Yan Ziling could get along with the emperor of Han on an equal footing, why should we wear swords and stand in front of the jade steps to serve the emperor? Although he was not very angry and harsh towards the emperor, his words tactfully expressed his dissatisfaction with the emperor. The arrogance in his bones was fully demonstrated. The author uses Yan Ziling as a metaphor to show that he has no interest in government affairs. "Being successful is not noble enough, and being poor is not sad enough." This reflects the sentence "What is honor and disgrace?" He said that naturally being an official is not necessarily noble, but not being an official is just as bad. It’s not worth the sadness anymore, why? "Han Xin was ashamed of his general Jiang Guanbi, but he was ashamed and drove him to slaughter Gu'er." "Han Xin" was the king of the feudal lords in the early Han Dynasty. "Jiang Guan" refers to Huaiyin Marquis Zhou Bo and Yingyin Marquis Guan Ying in the early Han Dynasty. Liu Bang first made Han Xin King of Qi, and then King of Chu. Someone accused Han Xin of treason, and he was demoted to the title of Marquis of Huaiyin, the same title as Zhou Bo and Guan Ying. Han Xin refused to accept it and was ashamed to rank with Guan and Jiang. "Mi Heng" was born in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Someone asked him about his interactions with Chen Changwen and others. He said contemptuously, how could I follow Tu Gu'er carelessly? Tugu'er refers to a person who kills pigs and sells wine, a person whom feudal literati consider to be evil. These two sentences say that Han Xin was ashamed because he was in the same rank as Jiang Guan, and Mi Heng was ashamed of following Jiang Guan. Here Li Bai compares himself to Han Xin and Ni Heng, expressing his unwillingness to join the ranks of secular people. "Don't you see Li Beihai, his heroism is still there today? Don't you see Pei Shangshu, the earthen tomb is three feet tall and there are wormwood and thorns living there." "Li Beihai" refers to Li Yong, the prefect of Beihai during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Pei Shangshu refers to Pei Dunfu, who once served as Shangshu of the Ministry of Justice. They were all killed by Li Linfu, who was jealous of talents. The author said with emotion: Under Li Linfu's butcher's knife, Li Beihai's outstanding style and generous demeanor have disappeared; Pei Shangshu's earthen tomb has been covered with overgrowth. Tall mugwort and thorns. The author angrily accused Li Linfu and his like of persecuting talented people. At the same time, following the previous two sentences, I want to feel the consequences of my unwillingness to join the others, which leads to the last two sentences of my choice of life path, "The young man has long wanted to go to the five lakes, but when he sees this, he will be separated from the bells and cauldrons." "Five Lakes" refers to Taihu Lake, Zhaohu Lake, Poyang Lake, Qingcao Lake, and Dongting Lake. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li, an official of the Yue State, helped the King of Yue defeat the State of Wu and retired to the Five Lakes. Li Bai used this allusion to show that he had no intention of pursuing an official career. "Zhongding" refers to high-ranking officials with high salaries. These last two sentences express my determination: I had long wanted to wander around the world in my early years. Seeing the tragic experiences of Li Beihai and Pei Shangshu strengthened my determination to quit the official career.
In this paragraph, Li Bai reveals the reasons for quitting the official career from many aspects, such as his views on honor and disgrace, his arrogant and unyielding character, being born at the wrong time, avoiding persecution, etc. The core of which is Dissatisfied with corrupt politics, unwilling to be the slaves of the powerful and colluding with them. Li Bai's arrogance was a manifestation of his contempt for the powerful at that time. He exposed the dirty souls and bloody crimes of the powerful, and angrily called them chickens and dogs. The poet's open-minded and bohemian spirit gives this poem a dazzling brilliance. Reply to the creative background of Wang Twelve's "Drinking Alone on a Cold Night with Feelings"
Wang Twelve is a friend of Li Bai. He wrote a poem "Drinking Alone with Feelings on a Cold Night" as a gift to Li Bai. This poem by Li Bai is a reply poem, written approximately in the eighth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (749), which was after Li Bai entered Chang'an for the second time. Wang Qi's "Chronology of Li Taibai" has an appendix to the eighth chapter of Tianbao: "In June of that year, Ge Shuhan, the envoy of Longyou Jiedu, attacked the Tubo Stone Castle and pulled it out. Bai You's "Reply to the King Drinking Alone on the Twelve Cold Nights" Poetry." There are special points in Wang Twelve's "Drinking Alone on a Cold Night"
1. The long lyrical poem is obviously argumentative against reality.
This is a long lyrical poem with very intense emotions written by Li Bai. Among Li Bai's works, this poem is famous for its fierce criticism of reality. The poem is extremely sharp in its criticism of the dark political realities of promotion along the wrong path, mediocre talent succeeding, bad people seeking power, slander succeeding, and talented people being envied. Although it is strongly critical, it is still a lyric poem. It expresses the incomparable resentment of personal oppression. In the poem, the inability to realize the true value of the individual is used as the basic starting point to criticize various corruption phenomena. In criticizing the reality, it expresses contempt for all conceit and pride, or ridicules, or scolds, wantonly denounces, and has wild emotions.
The lyricism of the poem is obviously argumentative against reality. Although it is a discussion, it does not make abstract reasoning. Instead, it uses a large number of allusions as metaphors to express the poet's impressions, feelings, emotions, and attitudes towards reality. Therefore, when reading this poem, you must be familiar with and understand the allusions, and then you can appreciate the role of this allusion in the poem.
This poem is mainly an argumentative monologue, focusing on revealing the inner world and portraying the poet's self-image, with distinctive personality characteristics. The way of expression of emotions is explosive and unrestrained. Even when expressing the anger and depression of being slandered and slandered, and having unfulfilled ambitions, it is still as passionate as fire and as powerful as a rainbow. Starting from the sudden outburst of "You can't learn to fight cocks with raccoon paste and golden distance", metaphors rolled down one after another, like a rushing river. At the end, the excited emotions calmed down with "The young man has long wanted to go to the five lakes" drifting away, just like a river entering the sea. Although its rushing momentum has subsided, it has entered a more open and broad realm, that is, seeking A state of personal freedom. This poem highlights Li Bai's anti-powerful spirit of being a prince of earth, floating in wealth, and not colluding with the rulers. The poem also reflects the social reality before the "An-Shi Rebellion" and has profound social significance.
2. Li Bai’s anti-powerful and contemptuous spirit of rebellion is concentratedly expressed in this poem.
This poem writes about his own frustration, but it does not focus on personal gains and losses, but looks at the entire political situation and social reality, and criticizes those people who are famous for a while. He praised Wang Twelve and at the same time exposed the darkness of politics with great sadness and indignation. Those who win favor with cockfighters and those who ask for credit are both honored and favored, while upright and talented people are idle and have no social status at all. The poet not only expressed contempt for those favored ministers, but also criticized Tang Xuanzong for favoring them. Li Bai complained about the darkness of politics in his poem. Upright people like Li Yong and Pei Dunfu died tragically at the hands of the traitor Li Linfu. Wang Twelve and himself were slandered and slandered by the society and could not find a straight way out. Those lucky ministers and dignitaries who fell in love with cockfighting were "chickens and dogs", and they were ashamed to be associated with them. Li Bai said angrily: "I am born proud and miserable, but I am so good at being kind and sparse." He said, "The young man has long wanted to go to all corners of the country, but when he sees this, he will be separated from others." He expressed that he would leave this ugly political reality forever. , break with this evil world forever.
Li Bai’s wild and unrestrained spirit of pursuing personal freedom is also very prominent in his landscape descriptions. "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return." ("About to Enter the Wine") "Climbing high is a spectacular sight between heaven and earth, and the vast river will never return." ("The Ballad of Mount Lu"). The images he wrote of rivers galloping thousands of miles unstoppable, and the strangely dangerous and tall peaks he described that "can't even reach the sky without a foot", all of them tortuously express Li Bai's desire to break through constraints and pursue freedom. enthusiasm. This unruly and unrestrained spirit of pursuing personal freedom is also expressed in Li Bai's poems about seeking immortality and drinking in seclusion. He believed that the world is dirty, politics is dark, and there is no freedom. Only in the mountains, forests, fairyland, and drunken country can we Be liberated and free. For example, in the poem "About to Enter the Wine", he uses wine to vent his grief and indignation about his unappreciated talent, and has the emotion of actively resisting restraint. At the beginning of the poem, "The water of the Yellow River comes from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns." He writes about the river flowing thousands of miles to express his unbridled enthusiasm to break through the constraints. He lamented that "bells, drums, delicacies and jade are not expensive, but I hope I will be drunk forever and never wake up." Faced with the inextricable contradiction between ideals and reality, Li Bai firmly believed that "I am born to be useful," but he could only indulge in drinking and having fun in pursuit of personal liberation. Use wine to pour out the eternal sorrow in your heart. The poem "Farewell to Secretary Shu Yun at Xietiao Tower in Xuanzhou" makes it even more clear: "Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow more, raise a cup to relieve the sorrow, and the sorrow will become more sorrowful. Life is not satisfactory in this world, and the dispersion in the Ming Dynasty will flatten the boat." His own sorrow is as long and unstoppable as flowing water. In a difficult life, the only way out is to travel in the rivers and lakes in a small boat. It is the strong resentment that forces him to break with the unsatisfactory society and wander around the rivers and lakes, proud of the mountains and forests. It can be said that even those works that seek immortality and seclusion are also passive resistance to the dark society and yearning for a free life.
Li Bai’s romanticism also has limitations, which are mainly reflected in: Li Bai has a rebellious side and a compromising side. He is both noble and vulgar. He uses his personal pride to deal with the arrogance of the powerful. , strength is inevitably weak. Second, the freedom Li Bai demands is only his personal freedom, so he can only seek it in the mountains, forests, fairyland, and drunkenness, to find temporary anesthesia. In his works, he cannot help but reveal that life is like a dream, and he can only enjoy himself in time. Negative thoughts of pessimism and escapism from reality.
Poetry works: Reply to Wang Twelve, Drinking Alone and Having Feelings on a Cold Night Poetry Author: Li Bai, Tang Dynasty Poetry Category: Narrative, Lyrical, Long Poetry