Wei Qing led former general Li Guang, middle general Gongsun Ao, right general Zhao, and later general Cao Xiang to the stronghold. Knowing that Khan had not left for the east, he led a good soldier forward and made Li Guang and Zhao detour from the east road to coordinate. Wei Qing crossed the desert for more than 1000 miles, and fought against the already deployed Khan headquarters. Wei Qing first took Wugang vehicles (personnel carriers) as the camp, stabilized his position, and immediately sent 5000 riders to battle. By dusk, the wind suddenly blew, and Sha Wutong ordered Wei Qing to return, and the cavalry surrounded Khan from two wings. Khan saw that there were many troops in the Han Dynasty, and the soldiers were stronger than Ma Zhuang. He expected that it would be difficult to win. He rode a hundred thousand troops and fled to the northwest, and the Xiongnu army was scattered. Wei Qing sent Qingqi to chase after, followed by the main force. Until Yanshan (now a branch of Mongols, south foot of Ai Shan) Zhao Xincheng wiped out the enemy's 19,000 people and returned to HQ. Li Guang and Zhao lost their way and failed to meet Wei Qing in Mobei.
Huo Qubing led a captain Li Gan to join forces with Lu Bode, the magistrate of Youbeiping County (southwest of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). In the process of searching for the main force of Xiongnu in Mobei, Huo Qubing carried a small amount of trench, drove the captured Xiongnu to open the way for the Han soldiers, crossed the desert, crossed the river, captured Khan and Minister Zhang Qu alive, thus killing King CNR, and then turned to General Zuo to capture the enemy alive. He crossed the dangerous back hill and crossed the river, and captured three people, such as Tuntou Wang and others, and eighty-three people, such as General, Danghu and others. In this expedition, Huo Qubing's army lost 10000 people and captured 70443 people from Land Rover. At this point, Attila's left arm and right arm were completely cut off, leaving only Xiongnu Khan hanging in the lonely desert. Huo Qubing sealed the wolf in Xushan, meditated in Gu Yan and returned to the vast sea (now Lake Baikal in Russia). After this war, Zuo suffered heavy losses and lost control of Wu Huan at the same time. The Han Dynasty was able to move Wuhuan to Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties outside the Great Wall to spy on the Huns for the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that before the Han Dynasty invaded the Xiongnu land of the left, Xiongnu headed by the left often invaded Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, western Liaoning and other places.
After World War I, the Huns fled far away, and there was no Wang Ting in the south of the desert.
The Battle of Mobei was a successful battle in the desert grassland area, with clear operational guidance and full preparation. With cavalry carrying out assault and infantry as the guarantee, it boldly advanced in depth and occupied an important position in the history of China war. After the Hexi Campaign, the Xiongnu forces suffered a heavy blow, but Xie Chanyu still did not stop harassing the south. In the third year of Yuanshou (BC120th year), the Xiongnu armies, each with tens of thousands of riders, divided their forces into Beiping and Dingxiang, killing and plundering more than a thousand officials and people.
At this time, due to the long-term crusade against Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty, financial difficulties appeared. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adjusted the policy in time and implemented measures such as sorting out the currency system, monopolizing salt and iron, and increasing commercial tax to prepare for a larger attack.
After two years of active preparation, in the spring of the fourth year of Yuanshou (BC 1 19), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mobilized 65,438+10,000 cavalry, and ordered General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing to take 50,000 each, and went deep into Mobei to hunt down the Xiongnu main force. Doctor Li Guang was a former general, servant shot Gong Sunhe was a middle general, Lord Zhao was a right general, and Hou Caoxiang of Pingyang was a post-general, all under the command of Wei Qing. Huo Qubing's men are not equipped with generals, but most of his team are selected people who dare to go deep into happeneth, including a large number of Huns who surrendered, such as Gui Yi Hou Zhi and Yi Ji.
In order to ensure the victory of the battle, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also recruited140,000 soldiers and horses (2) and hundreds of thousands of infantry, who were responsible for transporting the trench and ensuring logistical supplies. There are countless clauses in this war.
The Han army originally planned to leave Dingxiang from Huo Qubing and directly attack Yi Yin Xiekhan. Later, it was learned from the prisoner's mouth that Zhi Yi Xie Khan had gone to the East, but he changed his plan, making Huo Qubing go to Dai Jun and Wei Qing go to Dingxiang, and the soldiers marched north in two ways.
When the Huns learned that the Han army was attacking, Zhao Xin made a plan for the inclination of Zhiyi: the Han soldiers were tired, and the Huns could take Lu Er. So Zhi Yi Xie Khan moved all the livestock farther north and waited for the arrival of the Han army in Mobei with his chosen men.
When Wei Qing arrived at the fortress, he captured the prisoners and learned that Zhi Yi Xie Han was really stationed, so he asked the former general Li Guang and the right general Shi Zhao to join forces and attack the Xiongnu army from the East Road, and directly attack the Xiongnu army from his own army.
Wei Qing's army crossed the desert for more than 65,438+0,000 miles, and finally met Yi Yi Khan and his men. When Wei Qing saw that the Xiongnu army was ready, he ordered Wugang vehicles (protected by chariots wrapped in thick leather around the roof) to surround it, gain a foothold, and immediately attacked the Xiongnu with five thousand cavalry. Oblique Khan of Zhiyi also ordered Wan Qi to go out to fight. The two sides fought fiercely. At dusk, the wind and sand hit the face, and the two armies did not meet. Wei Qing took advantage of the situation and made the army attack from the left and right, and surrounded the Xiongnu Legion. Yi Zhixie was not satisfied with the situation, but expected that the Han soldiers were outnumbered and it was difficult to win, so he led hundreds of strong riders to break through and escape from the northwest.
It's getting dark, and the Han and Hungarian armies are still fighting, with considerable casualties. At this time, the left school prisoner of the Han army learned that Yi Xiekhan had escaped and reported to Wei Qing urgently. Wei Qing immediately sent the green riders to pursue overnight, followed by its main force. The Xiongnu army broke up. By dawn, the Han army had chased out more than 200 miles, but failed to catch up with Xie Chanyu, annihilated more than 10,000 people along the way, and entered Zhao Xincheng (built by Zhao Xin, now Zhuna Mountain in Mongolia), where a large number of Huns stationed food and grass to supplement the army. Rest 1 day, burn the city and the remaining military assets and return them. In this battle, Wei wiped out 19000 people.
Li Guang, the former general, attacked from the East Road, while Zhao, the right general, ate his army. Because they got lost, they failed to arrive in Mobei as scheduled and join Wei Qing's army. Wei Qing returned to Monan and met two people. Wei Qing ordered Changshi to call Li Guang to the shogunate and asked him to report his deviant behavior to the son of heaven. Li Guang committed suicide. When the people heard it, they all cried. Zhao returned to Beijing and was handed over to the judge. Zhao paid the ransom and became a common people.
On the other hand, after Huo Qubing led his army out of Dai Jun, he traveled more than 2,000 miles north, crossed the desert, and met the Xiongnu left and right Wang Xian. Huo Qubing commanded the Han army and the captured Xiongnu army to launch a fierce attack on the Xiongnu army, defeated the Xiongnu army, captured three people, including Tuntou Wang and others, and 83 people, including generals, servants and a surname. 65,438+0,000 people were lost, 70,443 people were wiped out by the whole army, and the left and right elites were almost lost. Left led his cronies to abandon the army and flee. Huo Qubing chased wolves in Xushan (now east of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), made sacrifices to heaven on the mountain, and made sacrifices to the ground in Gu Yan Mountain, and returned home in triumph.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very satisfied with the victory of Mobei Campaign. After the victory of the Han army, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were added as Fu, and from then on, General Fu II and a title of generals in ancient times were named. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty especially praised Huo Qubing's achievements, which not only made a title of generals in ancient times rank and rank (1), but also made a title of generals in ancient times (2) benefit 5,800 households, and many of his generals were rewarded. And Wei Qing because the meritorious military service can't exceed the battle damage, didn't get the benefits of sealing Hou, and none of his men were sealed Hou. The Battle of Mobei was the biggest battle against Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty, and both sides did their best.
In this battle, more than 90,000 Huns were annihilated and their strength was weakened. After that, the Xiongnu fled far away, but there was no Wang Ting in Munan, and its strength declined day by day. The Han army suffered tens of thousands of casualties and lost hundreds of military forces, so it was impossible to launch a large-scale attack in a short time. However, the threat of Xiongnu has not been carved out by the roots, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is still accumulating strength and preparing to continue to crack down on Xiongnu. The Huns took Zhao Xin's advice and sent messengers to the Han Dynasty to put in a good word and kiss. The son of heaven asked his liegeman's opinion. Some people say that they are close, and some people say that they will take the opportunity to let the Huns surrender to the Han Dynasty. Ren Chang, the prime minister, said: "The Huns have just suffered a crushing defeat and are in a difficult situation. They can be foreign ministers and come to the border to worship the emperor every spring and autumn. " The Han Dynasty sent Ren Chang to see Shan Yu. When Shan Yu heard Ren Chang's plan, he was very angry and detained Ren Chang. The Han Dynasty then assembled military forces and prepared to wipe out the remnants of Xiongnu in one fell swoop. At this time, the rank of the ancient general died, so the Han Dynasty did not go north to attack the Xiongnu for a long time.
The victory of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in a series of major wars against Xiongnu in the middle period was the result of decades of economic development, continuous strengthening of centralized political absolutism and continuous improvement of military strength, especially the unprecedented development of cavalry units in the Western Han Dynasty. It is also the result of the people's support to a certain extent. Because it was to stop the Xiongnu aristocratic ruling group from plundering the people of all ethnic groups in the north, it was objectively in the interests of the people of all ethnic groups at that time. At the same time, it is inseparable from the great talent and strategic decision of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
As one of the most outstanding emperors in feudal times, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was able to assess the situation in terms of major policies, adapt to the development of the historical situation, change the war strategy of the previous generation in time, establish a new offensive strategic thought, regain the initiative in the war, and change the unfavorable position of passive beating in the Western Han Dynasty for decades. According to the distribution characteristics of Xiongnu, he correctly adopted the principle of divide-and-conquer and formulated an effective strategic plan. In order to carry out the offensive strategy of active attack, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty further vigorously built cavalry units, which improved the mobility and attack power of the Han army in the desert March. In terms of employing people, given that some veterans such as Han Anguo and Li Guang fought bravely in Britain, the Huns were terrified, unable to get rid of the shackles of defensive tactics such as defending the border and resisting the attack, and unable to undertake the important task of commanding cavalry groups to carry out large-scale mobile operations in desert grassland areas. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty selected a group of young people who were good at commanding cavalry to March and fight, such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing.
Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, on the other hand, fully understood the offensive strategic thought of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Every expedition shows the positive and enterprising spirit of taking the initiative, being bold and decisive, daring to attack quickly, attacking from a long distance and encircling in a wide range. Thanks to their excellent command, the Han army traveled thousands of miles without losing the offensive. In actual combat, they can give full play to the cavalry's specialty, make continuous frontal impact, cooperate with the two wings to crush the enemy's resistance, Huo Qubing adopts nomadic play, and light cavalry pursues the enemy, which are the main reasons why the Han army defeated the Xiongnu army. In addition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also sent Wu Peng to make diplomatic contact with him to prevent the Xiongnu from developing eastward, and sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions to establish friendly relations with countries in the Western Regions, so as to cut off the Xiongnu's right arm. Economically, develop production, implement salt and iron official operation, monopolize liquor, rectify currency system and taxation, etc. All these provided favorable conditions for defeating the Huns.
Apart from political and economic reasons, the Xiongnu failed in these major battles mainly because they underestimated the abundant financial resources accumulated in the economic development of the Western Han Dynasty for decades, the rapid development of the cavalry forces in the Western Han Dynasty and the changes in strategy and tactics, and strategically despised the Western Han Dynasty. There was no good cooperation between the ministries, so they were passive everywhere, not only losing the initiative in the war, but also losing the left and right main forces under the continuous attack of the Han army. The battle of Mobei ended in a great victory for the Han army. In this campaign, * * * annihilated more than 90,000 Huns, making it impossible to cross the desert south for a while. The Western Han Dynasty also lost tens of thousands of troops and 65,438+10,000 soldiers and horses. The main forces of the Xiongnu left and right kings were almost completely annihilated. Yi Zhixie Khan was mistaken for being killed in battle because he was separated from the soldiers for more than ten days, and King Youguli became Khan himself. Ten days later, Yi Yin Xie Khan returned, and the Valley King Li got on the boat. This shows that the chaos and disorder of Attila is serious. Due to the destruction of a large number of effective forces and the loss of a large number of materials, Xiongnu Khan dared not stand on the northern edge of the desert and fled to the northwest, so there was a situation that there was no Wang Ting in the south of the desert. If the Huns Khan moved Wang Ting to Mobei after the Battle of Monan can be regarded as a strategic shift, then "Monan has no Wang Ting" after the Battle of Mobei marks the large-scale retreat of Huns. Since then, the two sides have temporarily stopped fighting. After this decisive battle, the problem of Xiongnu border, which had endangered the Han Dynasty for more than a hundred years, was basically solved.