Author: Zhu
Beautiful spring outing in Surabaya, the endless scenery is new.
Everyone can see the face of spring, the spring breeze blows flowers open, thousands of purple, and the scene of spring is everywhere.
Lakeside temple at dawn
Yang Wanli
After all, in mid-June,
The scenery is different from four o'clock.
Lotus leaves are infinitely green,
Lotus is bright red.
[Notes]
1. Xiao: Good morning. Jingci Temple: The full name is "Jing Ci 'en Guangxiao Temple". Lingyin Temple is two famous Buddhist temples in the north and south mountains of the West Lake. Lin Zifang: the author's friend, secretary of the cabinet in the official residence.
2. Four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. This refers to other seasons except June.
3. Infinite green: Because the lotus leaf has a wide area, it seems to be connected with the sky, so it is infinitely green.
4. Different: special, different. Another kind of red: red is particularly prominent.
[Appreciation]
The beauty of the West Lake has always been described by literati, and this song by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique, which is worth savoring. "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June." The first sentence seems abrupt, but it is actually an atmosphere. Although the reader has not yet appreciated the beauty of the West Lake from the poem, he can already feel it from the amazing tone of the poet. This sentence seems to be blurted out, which is the most intuitive feeling after shock and ecstasy, thus strengthening the beauty of the West Lake. Sure enough, "the lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers in the sun are of different colors." The poet used "blue" and "red" to highlight the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus flowers. The lotus leaf is boundless as if connected with the sky, and the weather is magnificent, which not only depicts the infinity of the lotus leaf, but also renders the grandeur of heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of spatial modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "Lotus" set each other off to make the whole picture beautiful and vivid. The whole poem is easy to understand, and the outstanding thing is to write feelings first, and then write the real situation, thus creating an effect of being empty first and then real. After reading it, you can really feel the beauty of the West Lake in June, "the four seasons are different".
[Introduction to the author]
Yang Wanli (1 127— 1206) was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Jishui, Jiangxi), whose real name was Ting Xiu and Cheng Zhai. Shaoxing was a scholar in twenty-four years. When he was filial, the official served the prince. Guangzong is called the secretary supervisor. Gong Shi is one of the "Four Great Masters in Southern Song Dynasty". He began to study "Jiangxi Poetry School", then studied Wang Anshi and the poems of the late Tang Dynasty, and finally got married. He wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life. Can also read. And Zhai Chengji.
Travel in the mountains
Author: Du Mu
In the distance, there are cold mountains, oblique stone paths and people in the depths of white clouds.
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
Appreciation of Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat, a bamboo cloak [1], an old man fishing in the cold river-snow.
Make an appreciative comment
Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrains are highly respected, and many landscape painters in later generations also learn from them. What's good about this poem? Let's enjoy it from the following aspects:
First of all, it creates a rigorous and cold artistic realm. Literally, the phrase "a boat, a bamboo cloak" seems to be the focus of the author's description, occupying the main position of the picture. The fisherman sat alone in the boat, wearing a bamboo hat and fishing for a long time. The words "loneliness" and "independence" have shown that he is far away from the world, and even revealed his lofty and refined personality characteristics. The theme of the author's performance has been revealed here, but the author's interest is not enough, which carefully creates a vast expanse and silent artistic background for fishermen: the distant mountains stand tall and the trails are vertical and horizontal, but there are no birds in the mountains and the trails are nowhere to be found. Why is nature, which used to be boiling and noisy and full of vitality everywhere, so dead? A heavy snow swept through Qian Shan and covered the path. Birds can't fly, people can't. The cold brought by ice and snow has created a white and desolate world. This background strongly sets off the lonely and thin figure of the fisherman. How cold and lonely his mood should be at this moment! Here, the author describes the climate and scenery of fishermen when they fish by means of comparison and rendering. With a light pen, a light touch and a few words, it gives people a clean and cold lyrical atmosphere. His brushwork reaches the heavens and the earth, from the summit to the rivers, covering Wan Li. Shen Deqian commented that "clarity and preciseness have completely disappeared". Grain Rain said that "the snow scene is as good as it is now". What they mean is roughly the creation of the realm of this poem.
Secondly, it vividly reflects the author's psychological state of being unwilling to be elected and feeling lonely after being relegated to Yongzhou. Zheng Gu, who was later than Liu Zongyuan, once wrote "Occasionally in the Snow": "The tea in the monk's house is wet and the wine in the karaoke room is weak. When the river came to Kanhua in the evening, the fisherman came back with a clean coat. " Even though he wrote a poem about a fisherman in the snow, his writing is very ordinary, but it lacks realm. The author did not integrate his subjective consciousness and distinctive personality, so Su Shi criticized him for "learning Chinese in the village" and praised Liu Zongyuan's last two sentences, saying, "Is there a gap in human nature?" Almost from heaven, out of reach! Su Shi's so-called "humanity" refers to the poet's emotional casting. The antonym of "there is a gap in human nature" is "there is no gap in human nature", which means that it has reached the highest realm of scene blending. We know that Liu Zongyuan was repeatedly denounced after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation", but he always maintained a tenacious mental state. His "Eight Notes on Yongzhou" is about the scenery in the backcountry, with the theme as the main theme and deep placement. Every grass and tree shows his extremely lonely feelings. His lofty and refined personality is also displayed incisively and vividly. The fisherman in this poem is in a lonely and cold world, but he goes his own way and walks quietly in a lonely and deserted place. Isn't it admirable for its weather vane, its heroism and its unshakable mentality? Zhang, a contemporary poet of Liu Zongyuan, wrote "Fishing Songs", saying: "Egrets fly in front of Cisai Mountain, and peach blossoms are flowing and mandarin fish are fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to go back. "Zhang Xuan's" Spring in bloom "is beautiful and quiet, revealing the ease and freedom of" smokers ". Unlike Zhang, Liu Zongyuan is a politician who insists on justice and stands on the soil full of contradictions and struggles. When he was sent into the cold and cool winter, people's mood was not just addicted to mountains and rivers. He also wrote a solemn and austere side, and his personality was particularly prominent.
Finally, the structure of this poem is exquisite. The title of this poem is Jiang Xue. But the author didn't get to the point when he wrote it. He first wrote about the quietness and sadness of Qian Shan Wanjing. Birds don't fly, pedestrians don't see. Then, with a change of pen, the image of a person fishing in a lonely boat was introduced. It is a positive question that the word "cold river snow" was not written until the end. Read the whole article again at the end. A feeling of being suddenly enlightened arises spontaneously. Vast sky, vast land, its distant scenery is very charming.
To annotate ...
[1] Suosuo Dion: A fisherman in a coir and hat.
Author Li,