Water conservancy management in Tang Dynasty had a certain system. In the Tang Dynasty, under the Ministry of Industry of Shangshu Province in the Central Committee, there were Lang Zhong and Yuan Wailang from the Ministry of Water, who "took charge of the laws of rivers and lakes in the world, and the benefits of dam construction and boat irrigation were always taken by the salty people." There are nine springs in the world. ..... Whoever has irrigation will irrigate, and shall not compete for its interests; Irrigators are not allowed to soak in bad people's houses, graves and tunnels. Chunzhong ordered the ditch to be cleared and the embankment erected, and Meng Dong finished. "
There is also a water supervisor who is responsible for repairing canals and irrigation. "Where the canal weir pond within the capital has a bad decision, it must be cultivated and then repaired. Each canal and bucket door is equipped with one person, so as to save water and irrigation when irrigating the fields. At the age of 20 every year, there is one official in the county, and at the end of the year, he made meritorious deeds and took the test class. " For the responsibilities and assessment of canal weir managers, more specific and detailed regulations have been formulated.
The Tang Dynasty also wrote the Water Conservancy Law "Water Department Style", which stipulated the laws and regulations on canals, irrigation, ships, bridges and water transportation. The Style of Ministry of Water Affairs stipulates: "Longshou weir, Jingyan weir, Wumen weir, Liumen weir, Shengyuan weir, etc. , so that the nearby county officials know how to check, how to check, but there are still 20 men in each county, 12 craftsmen, guarding at different times to save water. All damage will be repaired immediately. If there are few people, Ren Xian will help in Fu Cha. " "There is one person in each Doumen of Lantian New Canal, and there are also two people in the pool to deal with it, and they are constantly patrolling. If the canal weir is damaged, it should be repaired with the neighbors. Public and private timber is transported with timber. People must irrigate the fields, so as to build a bucket door to save transportation, not waste it. Is there water east of Lantian? Who, Yang? Mainly as a water-saving bucket door, so that water can pass. " It can be seen that at this time, how many people are guarding each weir, how many people are maintaining it, how to repair the canal when it is damaged, and who will come to the tribe, all of which are clearly defined and highly operable.
For irrigation time, how much water to put, who will decide how much water to put, the Ministry of Water also has regulations: "The boundary of Gaoling County in Jingzhao Prefecture, the intersection of innocent two canals, is clear by Doumen weir. The constant moisture content is five o'clock, three o'clock into Zhongbai Canal, and two o'clock into Qingqu Canal. When there is much water and rain, open the water and fill it with clear water. It is also open before February 1 and after August 30. The Dabai Canal of Jingwei Ershui is calibrated by Jingzhao Shao Jun alone every year, and the inlet of Ershui is a big bucket gate. When watering the field, how much water should be put, appoint a county magistrate, know each other in the lawsuit, and measure the opening and closing. " The above regulations can ensure timely irrigation and save water for Shaanxi, which is located in arid and semi-arid areas.
There are also explicit provisions on water conservancy in Tang Law. It is stipulated in the article "The dike can't be repaired after falling": "If the dike can't be repaired after falling, the main staff will be seventy. Those who destroy other people's property are reduced by five. People who kill people like this will reduce the crime of fighting and killing. The article "Preventing Thieves from Breaking the Embankment" stipulates: "Those who break the embankment will be given a hundred sticks (that is, stealing water for their own use; If it is an official calibration, it is also an official use. If you destroy others and cause property losses, those who are seriously stolen will be identified as stolen goods. People who kill people because of this will be reduced to fighting and killing. If water enters people's homes, so will those who cause damage. "In the form of law, there are quantitative penalties for all violators.
In the Tang Dynasty, relatively strict water laws were formulated, which was a great progress and should be affirmed. However, it is one thing to make laws and another to enforce them. The key is whether the emperor and his relatives really strictly follow the water law, which depends on action.
By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the hydraulic processing of grain had developed to a considerable scale. At that time, people called it water hammer mill. Grinding with water? , will inevitably occupy the river. The mill on Zhengbaiqu was destroyed once in Yonghui (650-655), once in Kaiyuan (7 13-74 1) and once again in Dali (766-779). Why did the emperor write many times to tear it down, and why did the powerful giants have to be built again and again? Facts have proved that the grinding efficiency of grain is really high and the profit is huge. Gao Lishi, the eunuch favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, once "cut off five rounds of grinding in Lishui, northwest Beijing, three hundred times a day" in the early years of Tianbao (about 742). No wonder powerful people are scrambling to build, and it cannot be completely banned.
The Zheng and Bai canals in Qin and Han Dynasties were not abandoned in the Tang Dynasty, but they could still irrigate 40,000 hectares of land, only the rich and powerful people put them on the dam. Cut off the water flow. Tang Gaozong at the request of farmers' opposition and liegeman, "ordered people to check the canal grinding? It was all demolished, and in a short time, "everything that was destroyed was restored." The imperial court stopped asking questions, turned a blind eye, and let the expensive spring water be wasted. Gaozong did not solve this problem, so he ordered the demolition of more than 70 private mills. Similarly, "the private enterprise system will remain unchanged after the age of 40." Such a thing has been solved for a long time with the power of the emperor! Zheng and Bai Canal used to irrigate more than 40,000 hectares of farmland, but only 62,000 hectares in the long term. The people who set up mills on the canal are royalty, princesses, traitors, eunuchs and other privileged figures. The emperor is actually the puppet of these people. If left at his mercy, he can't do anything or much. Polishing is a tool for the rich and powerful to enrich themselves. Of course, no matter how good the law is, it is useless to them.