Cooking is a culture, an art and a science. It is a frontier subject involving a wide range and one of the "vegetable basket" system projects. China's culinary arts, divided into Sichuan cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Shandong cuisine and Jiangsu cuisine, are the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, so China is called the "culinary kingdom".
Chishui cuisine belongs to the blending category of Bashu culture and northern Guizhou culture. Chishui is located in the warm and humid climate zone in the middle subtropical zone, with hot summer and cool winter, four distinct seasons, water and heat in the same season, fertile land, abundant rainfall and the benefits of mountains, forests and aquatic plants, which provide rich material resources for cooking. The brewing industry is unique, with many famous seasoning products such as sun-dried vinegar in Chishui, supplemented by Chishui cuisine, which is famous for its "delicious", "colorful" and "various dishes". Chishui is rich in natural resources, outstanding people and outstanding people. In the long history of civilization of more than two thousand years, Chishui's unique regional food culture, namely Chishui food culture, has been created.
The catering business in Chishui urban and rural areas is unprecedentedly hot: every morning around 6: 00, the streets and alleys in the city and the food shops at the station pier open their doors to welcome guests and sell morning snacks in order to catch up with the morning market until lunch; At about 6 pm every day, there are long queues at the stalls in the streets and neon areas of the city, selling late-night barbecues until 3 or 4 in the morning. The whole pig soup is operated in rural areas, and the scenic spots are full of flavor meals, dotted with them, and so on; Attracting and supplying diners from south to north with all kinds of delicious food and flavor snacks has enriched the food culture of Chishui.
Tofu, pork chop, grilled fish, barbecue, dumplings and other famous snacks with unique flavor and various varieties, together with "local wine banquet, panda bamboo shoot banquet, dinosaur banquet, Chishui River fresh fish banquet, Danxia potherb meat banquet", constitute the six famous food series in Chishui, which originated from practice, took root in the people and was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
The food culture in Chishui in ancient and modern times is dominated by drinks, home-cooked meals and banquets, supplemented by storytelling, singing opera, guessing boxing and rhetoric. Drinks: Tea and wine are the main drinks for urban and rural residents. Most people, especially middle-aged and elderly people and businessmen, have the habit of drinking tea in teahouses and drinking in pubs. In recent years, modern drinks such as soda, milk, coffee, jelly and modern bars have appeared, and young men and women, middle-aged and elderly people are also happy to drink tea in bars. In this way, Chishui people will carry forward the traditional etiquette of "tea must come first, wine must feast", and tea drinking will become more and more exquisite and rich in content. Home cooking: dishes are suitable for refreshing meals, cooking is not very particular, and the scale is not large; The dishes are mainly eggs, fish, seaweed, pork, tofu, bamboo shoots and fresh vegetables, and the auxiliary drinks are tea and sorghum liquor. Banquet: There are two kinds: exquisite and not exquisite. First, it is economical, the relationship between host and guest is casual, and etiquette and ostentation are not paid attention to. It often chooses simple, authentic, affordable and extensive "farmhouse" banquets; Second, luxury ostentation and extravagance, respect for guests and the Lord, stress ostentation and extravagance, stress the atmosphere, and often entertain guests with unique banquets; Luxury banquets are characterized by strict raw materials, fine production, diverse varieties, changeable tastes, exquisite shapes, and attention to the coordination of color, fragrance, taste and shape. Steaming, boiling, frying, frying and stewing are all available, especially the cooking of local specialties. More importantly, it also ingeniously combines flavor snacks with dinner. The combination of the two is full of rich Chishui flavor dinner atmosphere, which is deeply loved by diners. At this time, the host arranged stories, lanterns, operas, dishes and other cultural and entertainment contents, guessing fists, singing poems and singing drums and cymbals, which made the banquet atmosphere more pleasant and warm. After the banquet, the hospitable host also presented the guests and their accompanying families with "miscellaneous" bags, such as candy, peanuts and local products, to take home, so that those families who didn't come to the table could share their happiness, which was full of fiery human feelings and left an unforgettable impression.
In Chishui, you can eat the whole pig soup in the countryside, eat the wild vegetables in the scenic spots, taste the "green food" in Chishui, enjoy the beautiful atmosphere of high-quality natural ecology and good human environment, live with the world and have fun with Chishui people.
In Chishui, the sky is blue, the ground is red, the water is clear, and people are close; Ancient legends, a long history, picturesque mountains and rivers, rich folk customs, simple and elegant houses and precious food ... are all permeated with the truth, goodness and beauty of Chishui food culture.
Chishui diet can be roughly divided into six categories, mainly including local wine banquet, flavor snack banquet, panda bamboo shoot banquet, dinosaur thorn banquet, Chishui River fresh fish banquet, Danxia potherb vegetarian banquet and so on. Among them, the famous snacks and main courses are flavored snacks, farmhouse music, panda rice, bean curd, bracken, river fresh fish, wild vegetables and so on, with many details.
Local beverage feast
Drinks, the abbreviation of wine and drinks, are called "drinks" by Chishui people, and wine, tea and drinks are collectively called "drinks", which is an authentic local diet in Chishui. Chishui specialty liquor can be divided into liquor and Qu liquor, and the famous brands include Fuxing Three-step Pour Liquor, Changsha Gaodong Liquor, Chishui Old Kiln, Chishui Liquor and Jinguifu. Tea is the general term for tea and other drinks; As far as tea is concerned, there are seven famous teas, namely, insect tea, eagle tea, covered bowl of catechu and so on. Since ancient times, Chishui people have attached great importance to etiquette. When the guests arrive, they must set up a banquet, and they must make a toast. Guests must serve tea first when they are seated. The so-called "no wine, no tea customers" reflects the customs and people's feelings of this side. Literally speaking, drinks have nothing to do with banquets. In fact, they are not only closely related, but also sit alone. In Chishui in the past, Laoying tea was eaten as much as possible for a penny, and drinking Laobaigan was enough, instead of a side dish called "drinking a single bowl". Entertain guests with eagle tea and bowls. No matter the size of the occasion, there is no limit to the number of hosts and guests. The atmosphere is warm, everyone is very happy, and there is no flavor. At this time, whenever relatives and friends get together, put on famous snacks such as melon seeds, peanuts, beef jerky, sausage slices, bowls of tofu pudding, or bowls of tea, and they will become a seat, eating and laughing; Old leaders and good partners sit together, with a glass of white wine, a cup of green tea and a handful of dried beans, which becomes a seat and tastes the life of the sun and the moon.
Revival of "three-step-down" liquor: with high-quality sorghum as raw material, it is carefully brewed, with high intensity, excitement and enjoyment. It is said that all drinks must be limited to three cups, and you will fall asleep within three steps after drinking too much.
Sidonggou "Insect Tea": Chishui specialty, the best in tea, the market is scarce and the price is expensive. Only a few Sidonggou scenic spots are listed for sale, and most of them are hidden by Chishui people. This is a process of picking young leaves of wild white tea, processing and fermenting to attract an insect called Spodoptera exigua to breed larvae. After the larvae eat the fermented leaves, they discharge insect dung smaller than rapeseed, and people collect insects and dry them in the sun to make adult tea. Insect tea is nutritious and delicious, and has the medical functions of refreshing, refreshing, detoxifying, clearing away heat and lowering blood pressure.
POTAMOGETON crispus (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.): There are cold dishes and cooked food. The root of a broken ear is crisp and delicious, chewed slowly, and has an indescribable unique fragrance, which greatly increases people's appetite. Cooked food is silvery yellow in color and crisp in the middle, which complements the mixed fried meat and is delicious and unique. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and diuresis, stimulating appetite and regulating qi, and has the function of dietotherapy.
Tofu pudding: Chishui is the hometown of Tofu pudding. Tofu pudding is very unique and famous. Chishui bean curd is soft, tender and white as jade, fresh in the mouth, not greasy after eating for a long time, and is deeply loved by people.
Flavor snacks Yan
According to the custom, the flavor snack series is generally used for breakfast, lunch break and midnight snack, and sometimes it can also be used as the main meal of a banquet, and some varieties are accompanied by wine and delicacies. There are hundreds of kinds of Chishui snacks, which are deeply loved by men, women and children and become a wonderful flower in Chishui cuisine. According to raw materials, there are livestock and poultry, grain, fruits and vegetables, fish and so on; According to the categories, there are glutinous rice balls, cakes, pasta, steamed and roasted, cold dishes, hot pot, fried and so on. , and in the order of species, there are countless names. Similarly, according to the snack market, it can be divided into three types: morning market, middle market and night market, while intercropping on time can be divided into breakfast and supper. Chishui snacks have different characteristics in different time periods, especially midnight snack. But in any case, according to personal tastes and needs, you can enjoy it alone, or you can sit around a table and have dozens of snacks, which feels no less than a big meal.
Barbecue: Chishui barbecues are mostly placed at night, and Dongmen Wharf, Turntable and downtown area are downtown areas. There are many varieties, such as grilled fish, roasted whole sheep, roasted sausage, roasted lotus root slices and so on. In addition, the streets and lanes are also very beautiful. In the barbecue place, the smoke from the kitchen fills the air, and the aroma is fragrant and attractive; It is not uncommon to invite friends to get together and a table full of people.
Breakfast: Chishui breakfast has various names and tastes, especially pasta. There are dozens of kinds of pasta, such as sausage noodles, bean curd noodles, meat noodles, three fresh noodles, crispy noodles and Daoxiao Noodles. There are salty and light flavors, and all kinds of flavors can be adjusted. Drink a bowl of soybean milk and eat a few oil cakes; Eating a bowl of bean curd noodles, tasting a large piece of meat and a small dish of kimchi can give people a refreshing and lingering fragrance after a meal.
Panda bamboo banquet
Chishui does not produce pandas, but it is rich in bamboo. Every household in Chishui eats and uses bamboo, and production and life are closely related to bamboo. Chishui people can't live without bamboo, and they can't eat without bamboo, so people jokingly call bamboo food "panda dish" and Chishui bamboo diet "panda rice", and Chishui people naturally become "pandas" who eat bamboo.
Chishui bamboo food is rich in raw materials and grows in a city thousands of miles away. There are dozens of plants, such as bamboo shoots, winter bamboo shoots, cotton bamboo shoots, water bamboo shoots and so on. There are hundreds of rare bamboo birds, such as bamboo chicken, bamboo mole, bamboo monkey three sons, bamboo bird's nest and so on. , plus fresh dry goods processed by human beings. So many raw materials laid the foundation for the formation of Chishui's unique bamboo diet culture. Chishui bamboo mat can be combined with other kinds of dishes to form a banquet or a series of banquets. It is an excellent delicious food and green health food.
The main ingredients of panda meal are all kinds of bamboo food, such as bamboo shoots, dictyophora, bamboo mole, bamboo chicken, bamboo bird's nest, magnolia slices and so on. After careful cooking, it is made into a series of delicious dishes. There are hundreds of single products and thousands of duplicate products, which can be eaten with bamboo rice and bamboo tableware. After eating, it is appetizing and invigorating the spleen, fresh and delicious, and the fragrance is unforgettable, making it the richest bamboo country. There are several most important foods:
Dictyophora black-bone chicken: The raw materials are the precious Dictyophora from Gonggong Palace and King Guo Jing, and the black-bone chicken from the king of tonic medicine. It is made by boiling, stewing and stewing with a little seasoning such as salt, ginger and onion. After eating, it is fragrant, moistening the lungs, nourishing the internal organs, eliminating cholesterol and excess fat, and protecting the liver.
Bamboo shoots: the raw material is "Yinshan bamboo shoots", which grow in the back sun and wetlands. They are picked, processed, collected, smoked, baked, dried in the sun, rinsed several times, cut into pieces and cooked with high-quality old bacon. The food melts into slag at the entrance, which is soft, crisp and refreshing, with unique flavor, invigorating stomach and spleen.
Winter bamboo shoots: Chishui is rich in bamboo, and winter bamboo shoots are called winter bamboo shoots. Winter bamboo shoots are rich in nutritional value and medical functions, and are the best dishes for vegetarians and health care workers. They are tender and delicious, crisp and delicious. Winter bamboo shoots in Chishui have been famous for their high quality and low price since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, famous poets in Chishui sang poems such as "A single bamboo shoot on Huluxi, a sweet tongue in a winter", which endowed it with profound cultural connotations.
Yulan tablets: made of high-quality food and winter bamboo shoots, carefully baked. Magnolia slice is shaped like magnolia petals and golden in color. It is a traditional precious food. Magnolia slices can be used as a dish alone or cooked with other dishes. Whether fried, fried, roasted or stewed, it has the characteristics of freshness, tenderness, crispness and fragrance. It is a common treasure at banquets and a high-grade gift for friends.
Dinosaur feast
Chishui is known as the "spiny kingdom". Although dinosaurs have long been extinct in China, there are nearly 20,000 species of ferns represented by spinulosa spinulosa. These ferns used to be the main food of herbivorous dinosaurs 200 million years ago, and now they are precious delicacies on the table of Chishui people. Chishui people and dinosaurs had a good time. People ate them for health care and health preservation. Bracken food includes fresh bracken, dried bracken, bracken soup, bracken cake and so on. Together with other dishes, you can make a rich and unique "dinosaur with thorns".
Pteridium aquilinum: The rhizome of Pteridium aquilinum is rich in starch. It is well known in urban and rural areas that moss buds are used in spring and roots are used in autumn and winter. Generally, there are two kinds of dishes mixed with meat, which are red and bright in color, crispy and slightly bitter, refreshing and moistening the lungs, and suitable for drinking or eating.
Fern moss: fresh and tender fern moss just sprouted is used as raw material, which can be fried, fried and stewed. It tastes delicious, tender and delicious, and has the miraculous effect of moistening the lungs and strengthening the bones. Because the leaf buds of fern moss are shaped like children's fists, some people call them "bergamot" or "dragon claws".
Fern cake: using fern moss and fern root as raw materials, grinding into pulp, drying in the sun, and drying in the sun. It can be sliced, fried, steamed and boiled, and refined into more than ten kinds of dishes with different tastes.
Chishuihe fish feast
Chishui River is sweet in water quality and contains many trace elements beneficial to people and animals. Extremely suitable for fish reproduction and growth, rich in 45 kinds of high-quality fish. The main fine varieties are red river carp, herring, silver carp, bighead carp, red warping, herring, yellow Latin and so on. Each kind of fish can be used as a dish alone, or dozens of dishes can be carefully cooked as a feast. Fresh fish in Chishui River is a rare and excellent green dish with attractive fragrance, tender texture and rich nutrition.
The fresh fish feast in Chishui River is usually composed of four kinds of high-quality fish: bighead carp, silver carp, grass carp and herring, which is known as the "four fish feast". These "four famous fish" happen to be the main brands of Chishui River fresh fish banquet. Only these four brands can cook dozens of dishes with various names and form their own fish banquet. Fish food has a rare nourishing effect on infants, the elderly, the sick and the disabled, and is favored by the world. Needless to say, the fish feast is very popular and likes to eat.
Danxia potherb hun vegetarian feast
Chishui has an excellent natural ecology. The special Danxia landform environment gave birth to extraordinary dishes with excellent vegetation coverage. There are thousands of edible wild vegetables and wild vegetables here. It is a famous health-care dish, which forms a wild vegetable feast with ecological livestock and poultry food. It is the best of its kind and is deeply loved by urbanites.
Wild vegetables: In addition to bamboo shoots, the main varieties are day lily, grey vegetables, bitter vegetables, scissors vegetables, fish coriander, wild onion, lotus, brush mushroom, Bigfoot mushroom, tripe mushroom, shredded chicken fungus, tripe mushroom and so on. Vegetarians or bodybuilders can eat their own food and wait for guests to welcome them.
Livestock and poultry dishes: dozens of kinds of wild fragrant pigs, wild sheep, rabbits and swamp frogs. , as well as artificial captive ecological livestock, can be their own feast, can also be paired with wild vegetable series to form a feast of wild vegetable meat.
Jiajiale: a famous feast for local farmers in Chishui. There are many kinds of farm dishes, and the quantity, occasions and methods are not limited. They are mainly farmers' home-cooked dishes, which are delicious, simple and authentic. They don't talk about color and shape, but only seek profit, fragrance and taste. They are good at steaming, boiling, stewing and stewing, and their production is extensive and simplified. The main dishes are barrel rice, barrel bamboo shoots, old bacon, tofu brain and so on. Let urbanites return to nature.
Whole pig soup: Chishui people call it "whole pig soup" when they invite guests and friends to kill pigs or pigs in the New Year. All the raw materials of the whole pig soup should be selected from every part of the slaughtered pig, and the pig's head, ears, tail, legs, intestines and blood should be prepared, and fresh vegetables should be cooked to make a summer mat. Before eating the whole pig soup, there were sacrificial ceremonies, entertainment and other activities, which were very lively. After the banquet, the guests left, and the host also cut a few jins of pork as a gift, so that the family members who have never been to the banquet can taste it early, and the human feelings are beyond words.