image is an artistic image created by the objective image through the unique emotional activities of the creative subject.
Simply put, images are objects endowed by the author's subjective feelings. And image is the element that constitutes artistic conception
(Artistic conception is the combination of the overall environment and feelings composed of concrete things, with feelings pinned in the scene, feelings in the scene, and scenes blending)
The following are the detailed answers. I have removed the appreciation of some ancient poems and the explanation of Fu Bixing, and I don't know if the rest are useful to you, so I can't bear to delete them. See Resources for the full text. It may be a bit boring, but I hope it can help you. The word "image" is an important concept in China's ancient literary theory. The ancients thought that meaning was an internal abstract mind, like an external concrete object; Meaning originates from the heart and is expressed by means of images, which are actually the sustenance of meaning. China's traditional poetics actually refers to the artistic processing skills of containing feelings in scenery, relying on scenery to express feelings and blending scenes. The process of poetry creation is a process of observation, feeling, brewing and expression, and it is a process of reappearing life. The author feels something about the outside world, so he entrusts it to a selected concrete object, so that it can blend into the author's own emotional color, and create a specific artistic world, so that readers can make a second creation in their hearts according to this artistic world when reading poetry, and infiltrate their emotional color on the basis of restoring what the poet sees and feels. The use of images naturally varies with people, things, times and feelings. Generally speaking, the methods of constructing intention can be divided into three categories: Fu, Bi and Xing. Poetry mainly relies on images to form the meaning of poetry, and the combination of images in poetry is varied. ?
The parallel combination lists several groups of related images. For example, Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" and "Shuicun Mountain Guo Wine Flag Wind" are juxtaposed with several groups of images of water village, mountains, wine, flags and wind, so that we can appreciate the unique customs of Jiangnan Spring. ?
Contrast combination selects two or more groups of objects, which are opposite to each other and set off each other. For example, Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing", "The Warrior Army lives and dies in the first half, and still at the camp beautiful girls dance for them and sing", is bloody on the one hand, while indulging in drunken dreams on the other, thus playing a role in deepening the theme. ?
Synaesthesia image is to communicate and transform hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch. For example, in Shu Ting's "Lu Yu", "Bicycle bells are suspended in space" and "Bells throw broken flowers in throbbing long streets", the former sentence of auditory bell is transformed into visual suspension, and the latter sentence of auditory sense of smell and psychological feeling are interwoven and combined, thus forming a very wonderful realm. Bells can float, and bells throw flowers, which makes readers wonder for the poet's rich imagination. ?
Absurd combination combines two or more images that are illogical, that is, what can't happen in reality can be realized in psychological feeling. For example, in Qiu Lai by Li He, "Ghosts in Autumn Grave Sing Bao's Poems" and the word "Ghost Singing" broke the sky, which seemed to make people hear ghosts in Autumn Grave sing Bao Zhao's poems expressing "long hatred" in those years, so as to express the author's grief and sadness. The poetic style is novel and mysterious, which coincides with the genius of Li Shi's poems in absurdity and illusion.
here is the explanation of modern poetry, which is a bit like appreciation of poetry, but it is clear and clear.
Image is an indispensable element in poetry, and images of various plants (such as flowers, leaves and trees) are used more frequently. Presenting dynamic thoughts and feelings in a static life form can better hide the intense or delicate heart under the implicit coat and achieve the effect of enriching the level of poetry. In Xi Murong's poems, which mostly focus on emotional understanding, this feature is still outstanding.
Tree Chapter
"For this/I have been praying in front of the Buddha for 5 years/praying for the Buddha to make us have a dusty relationship/the Buddha turned me into a tree/growing on the roadside where you must pass" ("A Flowering Tree"); "I'm just a lonely tree/resisting the coming of autumn" (Portrait of the Tree). In these poems, the images of trees have something in common. Whether it's the firm waiting in A Flowering Tree or the tragic and uncompromising in The Portrait of a Tree, all these are in line with a "hard" feeling-just like the trunk of a tree always gives people a visual feeling-tall, straight, tough and even a little tough. These are also the characteristics that flowers do not have. Imagine that in the two poems mentioned above, if all the images of trees are replaced by flowers, we can easily find out the mistakes.
In addition to being "hard", the image of a tree can give readers a completely different feeling-"I seem to have promised you/to walk with you/on that beautiful mountain road/you said/that the slope is full of new tea/and there are fine acacia trees" (Mountain Road). The "full of new tea" and "fine acacia trees" here give people a feeling of freshness. So why is it that the same tree can bring people different associations? This should be related to the shape of the tree.
Generally speaking, "tree" is too abstract and has a wide range, so people always associate it with the simplest and most direct tree image-tall and straight trunk and dense green leaves. In Mountain Road, the specific category of "tea tree" is defined, and it is also emphasized that it is "new tea" and it is "full of new tea", and people will soon think of rows of tea trees with fresh and green leaves, neatly arranged on both sides of the "mountain road"; There is also "acacia tree". Perhaps people don't need to know the appearance of acacia tree at all. Just by its name, it can give people a feeling of affection, and people will sketch out their own acacia tree in their hearts.
Therefore, the different images of trees depend on the different shapes of different trees and the inherent impression or feelings of a particular person on a particular tree. The charm of poetry lies in this-it is a different poem for everyone.
Flowers
"It was my hope in my previous life to be full of flowers under the sun/carefully" ("A Flowering Tree"); "I believe that/all the flowers in the tree/only come from a seed in the snow and ice" (Faith); "When the breeze blows past, it will turn into the fragrance of the garden" (Qilixiang); "I put my tears/in the pages/like the few jasmine flowers when we were young/maybe/will fall in a dusk after many years/from the occasionally opened title page/without fragrance/silence" (Zen (1)); "If I can meet you on the hillside full of gardenias/if I can/deeply love you once, then leave" (Hope); "On a young night/I heard a song/I felt pity/lingering/Like a mountain wind blowing over a lily" (Twilight).
From the excerpts of the above poems, the role of "flowers" in Xi Murong's poems can be roughly classified into three categories: first, the protagonist-style flowers (usually many flowers together, such as "A Flowering Tree" and "Faith") mostly refer to beautiful things; Second, the indicating fragrance (such as "Qi Li Xiang" and "Zen (1)") endows poetry with more sensory enjoyment-sense of smell; Third, background flowers (such as "Hope" and "Twilight") to increase the color sense and gorgeous visual experience of poetry.
A single flower has slender and soft stems and colorful petals, and most of them are small, so it always gives people the impression of petite and tender. There is another kind of flower sea, with thousands of gorgeous and irresistible attraction, as if it were a beautiful memory that was out of control.
at this point, we can find that the images of flowers and trees are fundamentally different. Flowers indicate fragrance and color, and bring people association with specific feelings; The appearance of the image of the tree directly gives people a sense of perseverance, which is more abstract. And "women are like flowers" and "writing is like a person", so it is not difficult to understand that the image of flowers is used much more than trees in Xi Murong's poems.
Ye Zhang
Trees and flowers are like two opposing images, one is firm, the other is soft, the other is plain and the other is gorgeous. Leaves are in between, because trees have leaves, flowers also have leaves, which are both delicate and plain. It is often used to express simple and delicate emotions.
"When you approach/please listen carefully/the trembling leaves/are my enthusiasm for waiting" (A Flowering Tree); "Sweep away/those memories that are falling/like autumn leaves" (Wild Wind).
"trembling leaf" is "waiting enthusiasm", which shows the irresistible enthusiasm wrapped in simple implication; "Memory like autumn leaves" highlights the vicissitudes of time. There is a precedent for using autumn leaves to express the passage of time, but time has faded away from the glory of memory, which is even more vicissitudes.
Leaves are not as extensive as flowers or trees, and are usually attached to flowers or trees, so they don't often attract people's attention. However, the uniqueness of leaf image is beyond doubt. As mentioned earlier, it is neither a flower nor a tree, but it has some characteristics of both, which is very suitable for expressing delicate and complex emotions and can highlight the layering of poetry connotation.
To sum up, the image of plants has three functions in Xi Murong's poems: first, it increases the sensory enjoyment (such as vision and smell) that poetry brings to readers; Second, the performance of the passage of time, emotional changes (such as autumn leaves falling, jasmine lost its fragrance, etc.); Third, enrich the spiritual connotation of poetry (flowers symbolize the hope of blossoming, trees represent unyielding, etc.). As for the meaning, I think it is hard for us to imagine what Xi Murong's poems are like without plant images at all. Plants are a bridge between Xi Murong and the reader's inner world. Because of the rich images, everyone can get different feelings and their own understanding from the same poem. This is the mystery and surprise that "infinite possibilities" can bring to people.