original text
Climb the peak
Du Fu
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
To annotate ...
(1) Climbing: The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival, and there has always been a custom of climbing.
⑵ Ape cry: refers to the piercing cry of the apes in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. "Notes on Water Classics and Rivers" quotes a folk song: "The head of the Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong, the ape cries three times."
⑶ Zhu (incarnation): a small continent in the water. Sand: the beach by the river. Birds fly back: birds fly and hover in the strong wind. Turn around, turn around.
(4) Falling wood: refers to falling leaves in autumn. Rustle: The sound of leaves being blown by the wind.
[5] Wan Li: far from home. Frequent visitor: I have been wandering abroad for a long time.
[6] One hundred years: I still say my whole life, here refers to my old age.
(7) Difficulties: It also refers to national luck and its own destiny. Bitterness and hate: extreme hatred and regret. Bitter, extremely. More temples frost: more white hair, such as temples frost and snow. Countless, here as a verb, increase.
Down and out: depression and frustration. This refers to the old and sick, and the ambition is not stretched. New station: It stopped recently. Chongyang climbs the mountain and wants to drink. Du Fu gave up drinking because of lung disease in his later years, so he called it a "new stop".
translate
Bai Niao flew back to Zhou Zhuqing Beach in the autumn wind, with high autumn air and sad ape sounds.
Looking around, the leaves rustle and the Yangtze River rolls in without end.
When Wanli is sad for autumn, he hates that he is a frequent passer-by, who has been ill all his life and boarded the platform alone.
I deeply regret that my temples are getting grayer and grayer. It is very painful for me to give up drinking after illness.
Creation background
Ascending the Mountain was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767), and Du Fu was in Kuizhou. This was written by a 56-year-old poet in extreme embarrassment. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other. Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate, relying on Yanwu. Shortly after Yanwu's death, Du Fu lost his dependence and had to leave the Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, to buy a boat and go south. I wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but because of illness, I stayed in Yun 'an for several months before I arrived in Kuizhou. If it were not for the concern of the local government, he would not have lived here for three years. In these three years, his life is still very difficult and his health is very poor. One day, he climbed the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou, with mixed feelings in his heart. What you saw in hope aroused your heart; The bleak scenery of Qiu Jiang evokes his wandering life experience and permeates his old illness and loneliness. Thus, there was this song "Ascending the Mountain", which was known as the "crown of seven laws".
Enjoy 1
Although Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain is a sad song, it has no feeling of sadness and self-pity, and the feeling of being at the end of the road is sad. On the contrary, it is passionate and tragic, strong and heroic, sweeping away all redundancy, unique, and has a hidden meaning of Lingyun, which makes people feel angry every time they read it. It is not an exaggeration that Hu Yinglin is known as the first of the seven laws of the ages.
As for today, I have always wanted to write about my feelings of climbing in the past 23 years, but I quit writing several times at a loss. I asked myself, with my talent and knowledge, explaining the benefits of mountain climbing is really beyond my ability. At the beginning, the Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry was published by Shanghai Dictionary. I searched "Climbing to Appreciate", only to find that Hu Yinglin's analysis was just turned over. There was nothing new but nothing to say, and then I threw it aside angrily. Later, I saw some words that appreciated and analyzed the mountain. Although there are many remarkable places, they are all vague. It is conceivable that it is difficult to scratch the itch by analyzing very special words in a more general way. So I can't help but try to talk about my understanding of mountaineering. Although I dare not say scratching my head, people who are different from Ersanzi still can't bear to be brooms.
Personally, I think Climbing the Heights is quite special in several eight sentences. It's about autumn sadness. It is not allowed to promote "climbing stairs" in the upper class, but it is not good for uncle Yong's "autumn sound" However, it is novel and exciting, which makes people feel angry when reading it. Why is it so powerful? In the meantime, there are naturally Du Fu's moral integrity and integrity, and there are naturally rules and regulations. Without one, they would never be so non-historical and non-wild, showing such a strong shock between elegance and gentleness. Du Fu claimed that "loneliness is human nature in his early years, and his words are not surprisingly endless". In his later years, he claimed that "poetry is muddy when he is old, and flowers and birds are not deeply worried when he comes in spring". For example, climbing high, so lightly, he casually wrote a stroke, which actually became magnificent. I think that's a true portrayal of Du Fu's old turbid romantic life.
Ascending the Mountain was written by Du Fu in the second year of Dali (AD 767). Although the Anshi Rebellion has been put down for several years, the situation east of Guanhe River is getting more and more chaotic, the official party is getting stronger and stronger, and the Tubo in the backyard is getting stronger and stronger. The world trend is really pessimistic. Du Fu is full of patriotic enthusiasm and loyalty. He not only stayed in Kuizhou, but also lived in fear all day. He believes that he will see his country again and he will be happy in this world. Even if there is no hope for his life, his sadness and bitterness can be imagined. It is this desperate, lonely, miserable and unprovoked state of mind that directly gave birth to "Ascension", which is the first of the seven laws of the ages.
Eight of his poems "Climbing the Heights" are even sentences, which are rare in regular poems. But it is ingenious, without trace, seemingly unintentional. Open and aboveboard, it is enough to applaud the poet and forget to return. Let me analyze the structure sentence by sentence and correct it with the employer.
The whole poem begins with "the wind is urgent", which not only captures the natural weather in the autumn at the mouth of Kuizhou Xiakou, but also directly reflects the poet's subjective ups and downs, and directly brings the reader into the poet's strong and stirring spiritual world. The following "sky high" provides a broad background space for "wind rush", which makes Changfeng stir like the sound of nature. In just a few words, it has swept the world, and at the same time, it has more clearly highlighted the grandeur of the poet's breadth of mind and turbulent mood like the wind. However, this is not an inspiring grandeur, but a gloomy and desolate grandeur. It is this gloomy, desolate and tragic depression that makes the eager ape who once sang a song with Li Bai's vision for the future and sent away a canoe thousands of miles away turn into a bitter and heartfelt cry in the wind roar, and "Ape Whispering and Mourning" becomes the title of the whole article. Between the vast rivers and the windy sky, the crying ape seems to have risen to nine days and merged with the wind.
If "The Wind Rises High in the Sky" highlights the intense turbulence and collision, and expresses the inner world of the poet's mind, then the quietness and lightness of "Zhu Qing Sha Bai", like a light oasis in the dynamic atmosphere where the wind stirs up the screams of apes, provides a stable space for the poet to stop, which not only forms a neat confrontation with the wind and the sky, but also becomes a couplet in the artistic conception, further setting off. Of course, the main theme of the poet's sad autumn mood is still full of excitement, but this quiet mood has transformed some violent movements into some relatively more calm and soothing melodious rhythms, so Birds Fly Back has become a natural transition from static to dynamic. This transition directly projects the correspondence between the poet's heart and "the wind is rushing and the sky is high" into another scene.
It is the first rhythm of the whole poem from stormy weather to clear sand and white sand, showing the deep and harmonious natural rhythm of the integration of river and sky when static and dynamic overlap, and this rhythm is precisely the tortuous projection of the poet's inner rhythm full of agitation and longing for peace. Of course, this amazing rhythm is by no means a deliberate rhythm of the poet, but a subconscious rhythm of aging, which is integrated into the poet's life movement itself.
Then Du Fu wrote one of the most popular words in Up the Mountain: Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward. It seems that the poet's mood has calmed down from the gale, but this calm is not a simple rebound and mediocre loss, and the resulting deep sense of oppression makes this melodious calm give birth to profound feelings and shocks. Boundless fallen trees, bare fallen flowers, pottery exhausted the desolation that covered the sky in autumn, the Yangtze River rolled in, and pottery exhausted the vicissitudes of the world. When it is within reach, it suddenly emerges in an endless stream, just like suddenly appearing. After reading it, I can't help but expand my mind and broaden my horizons with the poet, and I can't help but feel the smallness of the camp and the insignificance of the discussion.
The poet has no intention of unilaterally describing the colossus of natural landscape, but seeks the intersection of natural Vientiane and soul in the heroic subjectivity, and this sense of self-tragedy is highlighted in the word "Lai". The word "Lai" is a complete and sufficient subjective perspective, which closely links all the worlds with individual subjectivity, and captures all the worlds in the subjective mind through individual subjectivity. This heart is the great heart of harmony between man and nature, not the caution of flies. This heart is the eternal unity that can tolerate vicissitudes and make things sad. This heart is a great poetic heart deeply rooted in realism. It can endure hardships, face disasters and keep quiet. It is such a heart that the common theme of "going up the mountain" has been cast into an earth-shattering passionate and tragic great poem. The poet's word "lai" does not overlook the endless fallen petal tree and the endless eastward flow of the Yangtze River, but refers to the endless fallen petal tree in his arms and the endless flowing heart of the Yangtze River. This indomitable consciousness and generous mind make the whole poem look brand-new, not only unprecedented, but also unprecedented, becoming the first masterpiece of the Seven Laws of the Century.
Of course, this great poetic heart that captures everything in the world is not blindly accepting "greed", but unrestrained and unrestrained. From the sad autumn in Wan Li, we see the majestic atmosphere. I came from three thousand miles away. With autumn and my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone and wrote down my mind, which was sad for autumn and sick for my body. However, the precipice of the body and the infinity of the mind once again show the greatness and perseverance of the poet. Within a hundred years, his days are numbered and his illness is extremely serious. However, in this case, his heart is not insulted, especially his heart belongs to Wan Li, his ambition is sad for autumn, and his grandeur and heroism are beyond words. A wandering guest, who is ill, can't be trapped by this magnificent and heroic poetic heart. The poet's feelings are still deep, grand and magnificent. Standing on the stage, although it is also the desolate feeling of the old country thousands of miles away, the sadness and sigh for the hometown, the despair and loneliness of withering, it can't hide Wan Li's poetic heart of mourning for autumn.
Here, it is necessary for us to focus on the second rhythm of the whole poem, that is, the rhythm between when I watch the long river roll forward all the time and when I have come three thousand miles from afar. Sad autumn. Wan Li mourns autumn, forming a surge of momentum and charm. The rhythm between receiving and releasing is more infectious than the rhythm between wind, sky and sand. Between a closed and a released, there is an almost relaxed way of civil and military affairs. The sky is full of people, but the sky is full of compassion, and between the breaths and breaths, they do whatever they want. It was the growth of the collection that paved the way for the eruption, and it was the endless fall of trees and the endless return of the Yangtze River that accumulated the mighty heart of Wan Li's sad autumn. In Tao Zhu, the relaxed rhythm closely combines couplets with neckline, which is both unrestrained and concise. On the other hand, there are many literati who are proficient in poetry, and their couplets are either confined to the field of well frogs, or let sweat overflow in the nothingness, or repeat what they say, or don't know what they mean. Can they be innocent in front of sages?
Du Fu is called a poet saint, and we can't forget that vulgarity is his childlike heart. The sky is boundless, the autumn in Wan Li is high, the wind is surging, the river flows through the ages, the patient is sick for a hundred years, and the guests are uncertain. These have never erased the poet's passionate poetic heart. Finally, the poet has done his best to climb the mountain and mourn the autumn with his true colors. Difficulties and bitterness, concise, have both the anguish of floating life experience and the disappointment of difficult state affairs. The intricate temples have fulfilled the poet's inner pain and eternal sorrow of worrying about the country and the people for half his life. Here, the poet did not distinguish between the suffering of the world and the suffering and hatred of the body and mind, but confused them as the root of the complicated temples. From this, it seems that we can also see that the poet's worries about the country and the people have been integrated with his personal confusion and helplessness. Just as his poems are old and rambling, his patriotic and sorrowful sage heart is no longer a subjective and dynamic expression, but a natural expression of blood and blood. Perhaps this is the most meaningful part of the short-lived meaning of the words bitterness, bitterness and hatred. It not only points out the title of climbing to the top and mourning for autumn, but also reflects the poet's life-long waste of personnel and brilliant writing.
Of course, the most intriguing thing is the last sentence of the whole poem. This sentence and the previous one are flowing, but they are dual. In his early years, he was down and out, thinking that the poet deliberately played up his misery, so he thought it was a whole flaw. Later, I learned that Du Fu had just given up drinking because of lung disease, and the new turbid wine glass was almost a straight book, so I had a new understanding of this sentence. If the first six sentences are passionate and have deep potential, and the seventh sentence is slightly upright, regretting the country's life experience, which has far-reaching significance and has deeply shocked me at first sight, then this sentence is fresh and natural, straightforward and simple, which is really beyond my deep understanding as a teenager. In the midst of difficulties and hardships, I have to give up drinking because of illness, and it is impossible to drown my sorrows by drinking. This pure personal shortcoming, seemingly insignificant, may be the greatest or even all comfort in a person's despair and sadness in his later years. The talk in the middle, faint and infinite sadness, is really popular.
Besides, it's refreshing in the autumn, endless falling flowers, worrying about the world and hurting the body, and being riddled with diseases. In all these cases, the poets gave generously and showed their loyalty, dreaming of a table of eight barren places, wandering in six rivers, holding their heads high, breathing the spirit of heaven and earth, and dying for a few days, especially not forgetting the national disaster, almost superhuman, and suddenly sighing for a glass of wine, which was plain, kind and natural. This kind of tactfully ups and downs of the pen, doesn't it seem that six sentences are thunderous and one sentence is commendable? Isn't it more obvious that the great poetic mind was born from the soul-stirring infatuation of an ordinary person? This sentence is a rare sigh of wanting to drink, just like the green mountains and clear waters after the fire disaster, with a backward nose and straight eyes. I was deeply moved every time I read it. Every time I read it, it makes me relive the feeling that it is too white and too solid to be as desperate as Shaoling.
This is mountain climbing, or rather, this is my understanding of mountain climbing. In fact, this is also a little suggestion. I think there is still a lot to say about mountaineering, but my knowledge is limited and I can only say this.
I am about to quit writing, and I can't help but think of the old title, saying that Taibai is a fairy in poetry and Shaoling is a saint in poetry. Most descendants think that Taibai is uninhibited, elegant and unprovoked, and it is really impossible to learn; Shaoling is honest, ups and downs are well-founded, and you can learn from it. However, many scholars dismembered Shaoling. In the Yellow Valley, "a glass of wine in the spring breeze of peaches and plums, Yi Deng in the Jianghu for ten years" is quite impressive. In Lu Fangweng, it is almost impressive that "the small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells the apricot flowers of the Ming Dynasty". Others are also impressed, but on the whole, compared with scholars with fur, there is no one with charm. Why is this happening? Probably because the immortal can be cultivated but not sought, and the holy law cannot be learned. When I saw the doorway, I fell into the circle. How can a poem like "To the Top" be used in study?
Appreciate II
Ascending the Mountain is a famous seven-character poem in Du Fu's poetry collection. It was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767) when the poet lived in Kuizhou. This is a sad song of "pulling mountains and lifting ding" style, which was once praised as "the first seven words in ancient and modern times" (Hu Yinglin's poems, compiled internally). The whole poem is about the scenery seen when climbing the mountain, magnificent and vast; In the boundless and vigorous weather, there is a sense of oppression. The whole language is concise, with sonorous tone, flowing charm and neat antithesis. It artistically expresses the poet's depressed patriotic feelings and worries about traveling, and his grief and indignation are not excessive, and his bitterness is not depressed.
The poem begins with a description of the scenery, and fourteen words outline a magnificent picture of climbing high and overlooking. In late autumn, the clear sky is like the sea, and the more you look up, the more infinite you feel, so you say "high"; Kuizhou area has high mountains and dense forests. Whenever it is freezing in Chu Qing, there are often high apes whistling, empty valleys ringing and endless sorrows and joys, so it is called "sorrow"; In late autumn and September, the pool is cold and quiet, and the sandbar is small and lonely, so it is called "Qing"; The wind and frost are noble and pure, and the truth is clear, so it is called "white". Because the platform is high, the more windy it feels, it is said to be "urgent"; When the wind is strong, waterfowl fly low and hover, so they say "back". Words and expressions are extremely appropriate. "Sky high", "sand white", "ape whistling" and "bird flying" are all typical scenery with the autumn characteristics of the Three Gorges in Kuizhou. When captured in poetry, it is not only vivid in image, but also extremely lofty in realm, full of the poet's endless feelings.
Write three or four sentences about distant scenery, starting from the big picture, the first sentence is about mountain scenery, and the second sentence is about it; The next sentence is river view. Mountains and rivers crisscross, forming a very vivid Three Gorges Qiu Jingtu. The wind in late autumn is very strong, and I smell the rustling sound of fallen leaves; The canyon is deep and the current is fast, so watch the waves roll. Using "infinity" to describe "falling wood" shows its wide realm; By describing it as "Yangtze River" and "endless", we can see the infinity of great rivers. In the bleak and extremely desolate scene, there is an unrestrained momentum. The two sentences also use double-tone reduplication, which is sonorous and full of the beauty of sound and rhyme.
"people who are deeper than love are good at writing scenery." The above four sentences describe the scenery, which really set off the poet's mood and wrote the poet's sad autumn, but they did not directly use the literal meaning of "sad autumn", but infiltrated this sadness into the concrete picture. The natural scenery described in the poem not only has the specific characteristics of objective things and seasonal characteristics, but also is full of the poet's special emotional color, which shows the poet's specific mood. As an animal, the crying ape itself does not have human feelings, but for the poet in Hardship, the crying of the crying ape is full of a sad mood. Similarly, the rolling Yangtze River, rustling fallen trees, hovering birds and deserted small houses all play a role in rendering the atmosphere of the environment and setting off the poet's artistic conception. "Love moves with things, words are sent with feelings, a leaf welcomes guests, and the sound of insects is enough to attract the heart" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Search"), not to mention this desolate and cold scenery? Naturally, the poet touched the scene and caused corresponding psychological activities and emotional changes. And this psychological activity and emotional change, in turn, deepened the emotional color of the scenery. Therefore, the scenery in poetry is different from the natural scenery, and it is an objective scenery that the poet has subjectivized. In literary works, when the description of scenery reflects the author's special feelings, and when the author's subjective feelings are in harmony with the objective characteristics of scenery, its artistic charm to readers is incomparable to that of ordinary poems describing scenery.
Five or six sentences naturally transition from the above scenery description to lyricism. Write two sentences about the difficult situation of wandering for a long time due to illness and autumn scenery's sad mood. "I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness follows autumn today ",which is said from the space and is the so-called" horizontal theory "; "Let's climb this high alone with my sorrow for a hundred years" is a matter of time, that is, the so-called "longitudinal theory". Two sentences connect the preceding with the following, pointing out the main idea of the whole poem. Structurally, it is progressive, turning step by step, and contains extremely rich contents. Luo Song Da Jing said: "Wan Li" is far away; Autumn' is a sad reminder; One guest', ok; A frequent visitor, a long journey; A hundred years', twilight teeth also; Many diseases', decline disease also; Taiwan', high place also; Alone on the stage, no relatives or friends. There are eight meanings between fourteen characters, and the duality is accurate. "("He Lu "Volume 15) As a guest on the stage, this is the homesickness of the wanderer. In addition, Wan Li has been wandering from place to place for more than a hundred years, suffering from many diseases, so he has further described the feeling of loneliness and misery. The bleak autumn wind has made people feel sad, and it is even more worth taking the stage in the next year. Because of this step-by-step frustrated brushwork, the depressed emotions hidden in the poet's heart are more profound and powerful. Deep feelings come from rich life. Although this poem reflects the poet's personal experience, readers can get a glimpse of the sufferings of the broad masses of people in the war years.
The last sentence is about your poor and lonely situation and mood. On the other hand, I wrote that I was very hard, and my white hair added to my body; The next sentence says I'm down and out, sick. The whole poem ends with a heavy sigh, with deep grief and indignation, but also with deep feelings. The word "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" not only refers to the author's own difficult situation and life experience when he was a guest in Wan Li, but also refers to the social turmoil and the bitterness of the broad masses of the people at that time. "Sleepless worries and fighting" and "inability to work hard" are all "hardships and bitterness" that make the white hair on his head more and more. Now, he has been ill for many years, and his mood is naturally more lonely and more painful. At this time, he had to borrow wine to drown his sorrows, but he had to give up drinking because of illness. In this way, the poet's heart is naturally more depressed. This tortuous brushwork makes the expression of feelings more profound and painful, even if there are waves in the writing.
Du Fu himself once said: "The evening festival is getting thinner and thinner." ("Send a Boring Play to the Nineteenth Cao Chang") Ascending the Mountain is really such a good poem that is good at poetry rhythm and has always enjoyed a high reputation. From the perspective of artistic expression, the uniqueness of this article can be shown in the following two aspects: First, the work is steady and the tone is sonorous. That is to say, Hu Yinglin said, "Every sentence is a method of writing, every word is a method of writing, and the true meaning runs through it in one go" (Volume 5 of Poem Internal Compilation). The poem begins with antithesis, which is not only natural and neat, but also uses a contradictory sentence in a sentence (such as "Feng Ji"), which is structurally orderly, which not only conforms to the so-called uniformity in aesthetics, but also conforms to aesthetics. At the same time, there are many disyllabic words in the poem, with beautiful melody and harmonious syllables, which greatly enhances the musical beauty of the poem. For example, the word "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" in the couplet is syntactically juxtaposed, but it has the characteristics of four tones, and it is necessary to read one word at a time; "Xiachu" and "Xinshan" are disyllabic rhymes, and there are also "Shang" and "Ping" tones, so the syllables are particularly sonorous and should be read in two words. The magical effect of "numerous frost temples" on "turbid wine glasses" is also called "falling prevention". Readers can experience the poet's wandering pain in the deep and heavy rhyme.
Second, the lyrical brushwork of landscape writing is intricately changing but taking care of each other. The first four sentences of scenery writing are the so-called "medium of poetry"; The last four lyric sentences are the so-called "embryo of poetry". Although the writing angles are different, they all revolve around the center of the poem-"Sad Autumn". One or three sentences are all about mountain scenery; Two or four sentences are all about the river view. In the description of scenery, there are sounds (the sound of wind and apes), colors (sand and white), movements (birds flying and leaves falling) and stillness (mainland). Five or seven sentences are bitter; Six or eight sentences after another are all diseases. The bitterness and hatred caused by "sorrowful autumn" are closely related to the abstinence caused by "illness" in the content of the poem. The whole poem is mixed with scenes. Although there are such rich contents and complex feelings in the middle, the style of writing is like "a hundred rivers rush into the hole at the end of the river", which has produced a changing and harmonious artistic whole.