For the ideal cherished in my heart, I will not regret it a thousand times.
Second, the introduction of the work:
Li Sao is a literary work created by Qu Yuan, a poet in the Warring States Period. Li Sao was interpreted by Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty as: "Leave, don't leave; Sao, hey. " Li Sao takes the conflict between ideal and reality as the main line, the contrast between flowers, birds, fish and insects and the fantasy and psychedelic "looking for women" as the symbol, and the emotional agitation and endless fantasy in autobiographical memories alternately unfold the whole poem. The work expresses concern about the fate of Chu and people's life, "lamenting the hardships of people's life" and lamenting the power of traitors. Advocate "cultivating talents and empowering" and "following the rope without being quiet". Put forward that "God is selfless" and criticize the theory of destiny. A large number of metaphors and rich imaginations in the works show the positive romantic spirit, and create the "Sao" poetic form in China literature, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations. There are annotations such as Wang Yi's Songs of Chu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhu's Notes on Songs of Chu in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan in the Qing Dynasty.
Third, the creative background:
Qu Yuan is rich in knowledge and has lofty ideals. He advocated amending the law internally and employing people externally. The die-hards in the aristocratic group of Chu constantly attacked and excluded Qu Yuan, making it impossible to realize his political ideal of fighting for it all his life. He used poetry to pour out his sad thoughts and lingering emotions.
As for the creation background of Li Sao, one of the focuses of debate is whether Li Sao was written when Qu Yuan was alienated by Chu Huaiwang or when Qu Yuan was exiled. According to Records of Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan, the young and promising Qu Yuan was slandered by his colleague Shangguan Doctor and was alienated by Chu Huaiwang. He wrote Li Sao with sadness and meditation. The preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong said: "Qu Yuan was demoted and wrote Li Sao." It is also said in Baoren An Shu: "Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was endowed with Li Sao." Sima Qian's account of the same incident is obviously contradictory.
Due to the lack of reliable historical materials, finding evidence from Lisao itself is a good way to solve this problem. There is such a line in the poem: "If we are different, I will die far away." Self-neglect refers to a positive attitude, not being released. Others suspect that it was written after Qu Yuan was exiled, because there is a sentence in the poem "Qu Yuan and Zheng Xi in southern Hunan", but this is not credible. Because the second half of Li Sao is full of travel in the poet's imagination, it is not true to "send a message to the south of Hunan".
In a word, The Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records is credible, that is, Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan when he was alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and it was a political lyric poem written by Qu Yuan according to the political reality of Chu State and his own grievances. However, The Preface of Historical Records Taishi Gong and To Ren An Shu are lyrical words, or they may be disloyal to historical facts when writing.
Four. About the author:
Qu Yuan (340 BC-278 BC), named Ping, was born in the State of Chu and had the same surname as the King of Chu. In his early years, he won the trust of the king, and he was an official disciple and doctor. Due to the opposition of the aristocratic conservative group, he was finally defeated, alienated by Wang Huai, and exiled to Hanbei. When Ying, the capital of Chu, was attacked by Qin Jun, he threw himself into the Miluo River in a state of hesitation, frustration, indignation and melancholy. His works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters, Evocation and so on, which artistically express his deep feelings of loving the motherland from different aspects.