Analysis:
Loulan
Loulan is an ancient small country in the west of China. Loulan disappeared about 1600 years ago, leaving only the remains of the ancient city. Loulan Ancient City is located at 89 22 ′ 22 ″ east and 40 29 ′ 55 ″ north of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 7 kilometers away from the northwest corner of Lop Nur and the south bank of Peacock River.
Names of ancient western regions. Loulan, the capital city (located on the northwest bank of Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China). It connects Qiemo, Jingjue, Zhami and Yutian in the southwest, Cheshi in the north, Yanqi in the northwest, Bailongdui in the east and Dunhuang in the east, which is the crossroads of the Silk Road. China people belong to the Indo-European language family. At the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, envoys passed through Loulan. Loulan has been the eyes and ears of Huns for many times, attacking and robbing the envoys of Han Dynasty. In the third year of Yuanfeng (before 108), Han sent troops to beg Loulan and capture his king. Loulan surrendered to the Han Dynasty and was attacked by Huns, so he sent his servants to surrender to both sides. After the Xiongnu servant An was classified as King Loulan, so he was pro-Xiongnu. Wang took Tu Jian to the Han Dynasty and reported the situation to the Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhao Yuanfeng of the Han Dynasty (77 BC), Han sent Fu Jiezi to Loulan, assassinated him, made Tu Jian king, renamed Shanshan, and moved the capital to Mud City (now near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). Later, Han * * * often sent officials and soldiers to reclaim land in Loulan City, and set up beacon towers and checkpoints along the way from Yumenguan to Loulan. During the Wei, Jin and Qianliang Dynasties, Loulan City became the governor of the Western Regions.
Ancient City of Loulan
Office of Chief Historian of Western Regions in Wei, Jin and Liang Qian Period of China. Located in the northwest of Lop Nur, Xinjiang. It was named after the Chinese documents unearthed from the site called the city "Kuluolaina", which was symmetrical with "Loulan" and "Lu Luwen". At the beginning of the 20th century, British Stein and others came here many times to steal and dig. After 1950s, China scholars made investigations and excavations.
The plane of the ancient city is nearly square, with a side length of about 330 meters, and almost all of it is buried by quicksand. The city wall is made of soil and red willow alternately rammed. There is an ancient canal that runs through the city obliquely from northwest to southeast. There is an octagonal dome adobe stupa in the northeast of the canal. On the earthen terrace in Tarnum, there are a group of tall wooden architectural relics, and Chinese, Palau documents, bamboo slips, five baht money, silk wool products, household appliances and so on have been unearthed. In the middle of the southwest of the canal, there are three large wooden adobe houses. A large number of Chinese documents, wooden slips and early Sogdian and Boluo documents have been unearthed in and around the house, which is estimated to be the remains of the government. A group of courtyards in the west may be official houses, and low houses are distributed in the south. All kinds of documents and bamboo slips unearthed in the city are called Lop Nur documents.
Present situation of cultural relics
The ancient city of Loulan now covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, which is close to a square with a side length of about 330 meters. The whole site is located in the Ya Dan landform group on the west bank of Lop Nur.
travel
The site of Loulan Ancient City is 350 kilometers northwest of Korla City and 330 kilometers southwest of Ruoqiang County.
Loulan civilization
Loulan State in History
According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu, as early as the 2nd century AD, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions. Dunhuang in the east, Yanqi and Yuli in the northwest, Ruoqiang and Qiemo in the southwest. The north-south road of the ancient Silk Road diverged from Loulan.
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The mystery of loulan's disappearance
After the 4th century AD, Loulan suddenly disappeared. Water diversion? Invasion?
The Discovery of Loulan Ancient City
1900, the ancient city of Loulan was rediscovered. Some people say it was discovered by farmers in Xinjiang, while others say it was discovered by Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. During the inspection in the early 20th century, a large number of Loulan cultural relics were taken away by foreign inspection teams.
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