First, the "poetic eye" type
Theme form
(1) Do you think a word or sentence in the poem is well written? Why?
(2) From which sentence can you find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings?
(3) A word in a sentence of this poem, some versions as a word. Which do you think is better? Why?
(4) What is the function of words in expression?
Interpretation of the topic Ancient people often pursued a word to express their feelings when writing poems. This kind of question type needs to taste the beauty of the poet's refined words. You can't answer word for word. You should put them back in the sentence and analyze them with the theme, artistic conception and the poet's thoughts and feelings.
Key points of answering questions
1. Definitely "good" or definitely which is better.
2. Explain the general meaning of this word and its meaning in the sentence.
3. Expand imagination and association, restore the words you think are good to sentences, and reproduce the scene described by the poet.
4. Say what feelings the word expresses or what artistic conception it sets off.
The second couplet in Wang Wan's "The Next Berth on Beibao Mountain" in the Tang Dynasty is "The two sides widen at low tide", and some versions are called "The two sides of the tidal flat are lost". Which word do you think is better and why?
Example (1)
A: The word "wide" is better. Reason:
(1) "wide" means open and broad;
(2) The word "wide" directly expresses spring returns, the ice and snow melt, and the spring tide makes the river boundless, and the two sides are particularly wide;
(3) The word "broad" directly expresses the poet's strong feeling of broadening his horizons.
(4) The word "Guang" sounds like the word "Hang", and the tone seems louder.
Example (2)
A: The word "lost" is better. Reason:
(1) The word "lost" better represents the return of spring to the earth, the melting of ice and snow, and the spring dynasty makes the river endless and can't see both sides of the river;
(2) The word "lost" vividly depicts the subjective visual image that the river bank is flush with the water level due to the high spring tide and seems to have disappeared.
Second, appreciation of famous sentences
Theme form
(1) Describe the picture displayed by the famous sentence and reveal the meaning of the poem.
(2) Explain the meaning of a couplet and analyze the relationship between emotion and scenery.
(3) Explain the meaning of poetry and tell them how to express the author's thoughts and feelings.
Interpretation of famous sentences is the essence of the whole poem (word). They are often praised by people in terms of scenery, emotion and meaning. According to the specific sentence, you can say all three or focus on one aspect.
Answer score 1. Clear the specific scenery image in the poem;
2. Expand imagination and association, and reproduce the scene image in your own language.
3. Summarize the characteristics of the scenery described by the poet.
4. What kind of thoughts and feelings this poem expresses or what kind of enlightenment and thinking it gives people.
Example of problem type 1. Please describe the painting "Qian Fan passing by a sunken ship and Wan Muchun in front of a diseased tree" and reveal the meaning of this poem.
A: Looking around, we can see such a scene: on the great river, Qian Fan is still competing for beauty on the bank of the sunken boat, while in nature, although there are diseased trees, all the trees are still competing for spring. It tells us that new things will replace old things.
2. The word "straight" and "round" of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" has always been praised. Tell me why these two words are used well.
Answer: "Straight" and "round" accurately describe the desert scene and show the author's deep feelings. The word "straight" is tall and majestic in desolation and loneliness, and the word "round" is soft and warm in vastness and grandeur.
Third, the expression skills
Theme form
(1) What expression is used in this poem?
(2) What artistic technique (expressive skill) is used in this poem? How to express the poet's feelings? What's the role?
The interpretation of classical poetry pays great attention to expression skills. It is a means used by poets to express their feelings and themes. Common expression skills are:
(1) Lyric methods: direct expression and indirect lyricism, and indirect lyricism includes borrowing scenery, borrowing things to express feelings, blending scenes, supporting things to express feelings, and supporting things to express feelings.
(2) Expression techniques: seeing the big from the small, turning the virtual into the real, combining the virtual with the real, managing things by reason, combining the dynamic with the static, combining the sound with the emotion, describing from multiple angles, with mixed joy and sorrow, and striking contrast.
(3) Rhetorical devices: such as antithesis, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and pun.
Key points of answering questions
1. Accurately point out the lyric way, expression way or rhetorical device.
2. Analyze poems and specific words.
3. What kind of content and feelings are expressed or what kind of truth is revealed by this expression skill.
Example of problem type
Jiangnanchun
Du Mu
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red bloom, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
1. The spring scenery in Jiangnan written by the poet is vivid and vivid. What writing techniques are used to produce this effect?
Answer: The combination of motion and static, visual and auditory multi-angle description (or combination of sound and color), point and surface combination and other methods.
2. Yang Shen of Ming Dynasty told this poem in Sheng 'an Poetry. It is believed that the word "thousand" of "thousand miles" should be changed to "ten". The reason is: "A thousand miles away, who can listen? Thousands of miles of green reflect red, who can see it? "This statement has been refuted by many scholars. What do you think is wrong with Yang Shen's point of view?
A: The mistake is that I don't know whether A Thousand Miles is written in fiction rather than in reality. Since spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is written, the title is also interpreted by "a thousand miles".
Fourth, language features.
Theme form
(1) Talk about the linguistic features of this poem.
(2) Analyze the language style of this poem.
The key to the interpretation of such topics is not the clever use of individual words, but the taste of the language style of the whole poem. Poetry has many styles, such as bold and unconstrained, graceful and restrained, gloomy and tranquil. In addition, some terms should be used to evaluate poetry accurately. Such as: concise, vivid image, vivid words, steady confrontation, words close to feelings far away, and so on.
Key points of answering questions
1. Summarize language features in one or two words or sentences.
2. Combined with the sentences in the poem, this feature is analyzed in detail.
3. What thoughts and feelings do the words in the poem express?
For example, please analyze Tao Yuanming's drinking. "Building a house is in a person's environment, but there are no chariots and horses. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. " The linguistic features of this poem.
A: (1) The language of the whole poem is simple and unpretentious, and it seems that it is not intended to be a poem, but the poetic sentiment is naturally revealed and the charm is meaningful.
(2) The first four sentences describe my mood and the true meaning of my seclusion. "Away from my heart" emphasizes the poet's inner peace.
(3) The last four sentences describe this seclusion in detail. Scenes blend, endless words, endless meaning.