Guidelines for the Daguan Tower
Please take a look, this is the long couplet of the Daguan Tower by Sun Beard, ***180 words, the full text is as follows:
Five Hundred Miles Dianchi Lake comes to my eyes. The shore is draped with skirts, and I am happy with the boundless sky! Look: the divine horse in the east, the spiritual instrument in the west, winding in the north, and flying in the south. Masters, you might as well choose a good place to visit, take advantage of Crab Island and Luo Island, comb your hair and mist on your temples; watch the sky and reed land, dotted with green feathers and red clouds. Don’t live up to it: surrounded by fragrant rice, vast expanse of clear sand, hibiscus in nine summers, willows in three springs; thousands of years of past events are in your heart. Drinking wine, sighing, who is the hero? Think: Han Dynasty built a boat, Tang Dynasty marked iron pillars, Song Dynasty wielded jade ax, Yuan crossed leather bag. He was so powerful and accomplished that he spent all his efforts to move the mountains and painted the buildings with pearls and curtains, but they could not catch up with the evening rain and morning clouds. They broke off the broken stone tablets and left them all illuminated by the falling smoke. I only win: a few pestles and sparse bells, half a river of fishing fire, two rows of autumn geese, and a pillow of clear frost.
Translated into vernacular, the content is as follows:
The five-hundred-mile-long Dianchi Lake is rushing in front of my eyes. I open my clothes and push up my crown. These boundless blue waves are so beautiful. It’s so gratifying! Look: Jinma Mountain in the east is like a divine horse galloping, Biji Mountain in the west is like a flying phoenix, Snake Mountain in the north is like a spiritual snake, and He Mountain in the south is soaring like a white crane. Poets, 'Why not choose this good time to climb up to the high building and admire the crab-like islands and snail-like sandbanks; the dense trees and weeping willows in the mist swaying like a girl combing her hair; and the water plants and reeds everywhere. , as well as emerald green birds and a few brilliant red clouds dotting it. Enjoy the view, and don't let down the fragrant golden rice around Dian Lake, the vast expanse of beach under the bright sunshine, the graceful lotuses in summer, and the willows in spring.
Thousands of years of past events came to my mind. Raise your glass, look up to the sky and sigh, among the many heroes in history, who are still there today? Just imagine: In order to open up a passage from the southwest to India, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dug Kunming Lake in Chang'an to train the navy; Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty sent troops He regained the Erhai area and erected iron pillars to record his achievements; Song Taizu waved his jade ax and faced the territory and excluded the southwest; Yuan Shizu led his army across the Jinsha River on leather bags and rafts to unify Yunnan. These great achievements and achievements are really a waste of effort to move mountains! But the change of dynasties is so fast, as short-lived as the rain in the evening and the clouds in the morning. Even the curtains have no time to roll up and disappear quickly; even the merits are recorded. The ruins of the monuments and steles are also lying in the sunset. In the end, there were only a few sparse bells, dim fishing fires in half the river, two rows of lonely autumn geese, and a pillow of cold frost.
This friend asked, what is the origin of the four allusions in the second line? Now we will explain these four allusions involving the history of Yunnan.
The first is the sentence "Han Xi Lou Chuan". At that time, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions in order to contact the Dayue clan to attack the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian discovered an ancient silk trafficking route from the southwest to India in Bactria (now Afghanistan). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent people to search for this ancient road, but they were blocked by the Kunming tribe in the Erhai area of ??Yunnan and could not find it. So he ordered an artificial lake to be dug in the capital Chang'an, named "Kunming Pool", to train the navy and prepare to attack the Kunming tribe. This is the allusion of "Han Xi Lou Chuan". As for why there is Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace in Beijing? This is because Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty admired Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his achievements in opening up territories, so he renamed Beijing's West Lake "Kunming Lake".
Then there is the origin of "Tang Biao Iron Pillar". At the beginning of the 8th century AD, the Tang Dynasty and Tubo competed for dominance in the Erhai area. In 707, Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, sent Tang Jiuzheng, the imperial censor, to lead troops to Yunnan and eradicate the Tubo stronghold, thereby restoring his rule over the Erhai area. So Tang Jiuzheng set up iron pillars to record his merits.
"Song Dynasty wielding a jade ax" refers to the fact that after the Northern Song Dynasty Taizu Zhao Kuangyin pacified Sichuan, he held a jade ax (a study toy) along the Dadu River on the map and said: "I don't have anything else." "It means that the Song Dynasty no longer wanted places other than the Dadu River. When some friends hear this, they can't help but ask: "Since ancient times, emperors have been ambitious in opening up territories. Why did Song Taizu exclude Yunnan from the boundary?" This is because the Northern Song Dynasty was not as powerful and vast as the Han and Tang Dynasties. He was poor and weak and could no longer attack Yunnan; in addition, he mistakenly concluded that the Tang Dynasty supported Nanzhao and Nanzhao rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, so he placed Yunnan outside the territory.
Another allusion is "Yuan Kuai leather bag". Leather bag is a sheepskin bag (also made of cowhide). A single leather bag can be tied to the body as a floating device to cross the river, which the locals call "leather wonton"; multiple leather bags can also be connected to form a raft. In 1253, the Great Khan of Mongolia sent Kublai Khan to lead his army to attack Yunnan, planning to destroy Dali first, form a siege situation around the Southern Song Dynasty, and eventually destroy it. Kublai Khan led an army of 100,000 to the Jinsha River. He used leather bags and rafts to cross the Jinsha River, destroyed the Dali Kingdom, and returned Yunnan to the rule of the Yuan Dynasty.
Sun Beard and Weng's Long Couplet became a sensation once it was published. Because of its profound and broad social content, it swept away other popular songs. Lu Shutang, a famous scholar in Kunming, wrote and engraved it in running script and hung it in front of the Grand View Tower. Everyone who heard it was excited and hoped that it would be a pleasure to climb up.
Sun Beard and Weng's long couplet, the "first couplet" uses the description of scenery and lyricism as the painting dragon's pen, closely linked to the "Grand View Tower", describing the magnificence, vastness, beauty and beauty of the Dianchi Lake scenery seen from the tower, each sentence and picture are vivid and colorful. .
The author cleverly combines historical myths with the description of realistic scenery, making the description of the scenery magical and magnificent. It is different from the rough East China Sea and other plain lakes, but shines with the "unique brilliance of the plateau pearl" everywhere. It attracts people's yearning and spontaneously gives rise to the passion to love the hometown and the motherland. The "second couplet" uses the narration of the discussion on the building as a finishing touch. Quoting historical facts, everything is related to the history of Yunnan. Standing by the Dian Lake, recalling the past events in Yunnan; From the historical events related to Yunnan, we then regard the orthodox dynasty that has been in the past thousands of years as a "twilight rain and rising clouds" that cannot last; the feudal rule The great achievements created by the poet are regarded as "broken bricks and broken monuments" and "all given to the falling smoke of the sky." It boldly denied those so-called "roiling heroes" feudal rulers.
In the long couplet, Sun Yan raised bold doubts about the feudal society that has existed for thousands of years, and dared to regard the so-called "supreme" feudal rulers as dirt. He saw the consequences of feudal rule from the "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties". The decline fully demonstrated his extraordinary courage and valuable counter-trend spirit. This is also an important reason why the long couplet has been recited for a long time and Sun Yan is respected by others. Changlian is very popular and well-known at home and abroad. The ruling class also smelled its rebellious atmosphere. During the Daoguang period, Ruan Yuan, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and Cheng Yuechuan, the governor of Zhejiang, greatly tampered with the Changlian. Ruan Yuan once said clearly: "Sun Yan's original couplet is based on the orthodox Han, Tang, Song and Yuan great achievements and achievements, and they are all in vain. When it comes to our dynasty (Qing Dynasty)?" Therefore, it will "wind northward and soar southward" "糨素" was changed to "leaning on the dragon in the north and taming the elephant in the south", implying that he was loyal to the Qing court in the north to "tame" the people of Yunnan. He also changed "the great and powerful" to "the leader of the Mongolian chieftain". The original feudal emperor was replaced by a local leader, changing the theme of the long couplet from anti-feudal to safeguarding feudal rule (the so-called "strengthening the right and eliminating the negative"). The rest are like changing "Pillowing the shore" to "Leaning on the railing and facing far away". "combing the mane of wind and mist" was changed to "lining the green cliffs and green walls", "mind power" was changed to "strength", etc., which greatly weakened the ideological connotation and artistry of the original couplet. After the Ruan couplet was hung, "people in central Yunnan have a lot of troubles", and such folk songs circulated in the society: "Soft (Ruan) tobacco bag (Wutai is Ruan Yuan's word) is unreasonable, radish, leek, green onion, tampering with the ancients, laugh "Sha Sun Beard Weng." When Ruan Yuan was transferred out after his term was over, Daguanlou was replaced by Sun Beard Weng's original couplet. The couplet modified by Cheng Yuechuan, the governor of Zhejiang, was so clumsily altered in terms of thought and art that no one recited it. It should be said that these dignitaries tampered with the long couplets not because they were illiterate, but because of their political stance. In the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), Daguan Tower and Changlian were destroyed by war at the same time. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), the Daguan Tower was rebuilt. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888), Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, asked Zhao Fan to re-engrave the long couplets in regular script and publish them under his own name, which has been preserved to this day.
The creation of long couplets reflects Sun Beard's original spirit of having the courage to break away from the stereotypes of his predecessors and find new ways. First of all, Sun Yan and Weng Changlian pioneered the creative method of integrating parallel prose and poetry into one furnace. In terms of writing style, he boldly breaks through the stereotype of five to eleven characters, using poems in couplets, parallel prose in couplets, songs in couplets, alternating long and short sentences, flexible, neat dialogues, and gorgeous diction, and the whole couplet is complete. It is 180 words long, majestic and rare in ancient times, and greatly enriches the creative techniques of couplets. As soon as Sun Lian came out, the couplet took on a completely new look. For this reason alone, Sun Lian has occupied an unmovable and important position in the history of couplet development.
Secondly, Sun Beard and Weng’s long couplets expanded the horizons of couplet creation. This couplet integrates narrative, scene description, and lyricism. It uses a broad social life to enter the couplet, gallops imagination, and discusses ancient and modern times. It is rich in poetry and scenery, with clear and strong attitudes, and melancholy emotions. It opens up a new world for the creation of couplets. Realm, expanded the new aspect of couplet creation. ;;;;;
Thirdly, Sun Beard Weng’s long couplets are also unique in structure. The first couplet uses scenery to expand a vast space; the second couplet uses history to span a long time. The author gallops in time and space, and the scenes are integrated and majestic. The text is symmetrical, focused from beginning to end, the allusions are used well, and the artistic conception is consistent. It makes people think and have endless aftertaste when reading, which reflects the exquisiteness of the author's conception.
Furthermore, Sun Beard and Weng's long couplets are also good at incorporating the best lines from previous poems into the couplets. For example, "Wind servant girl with foggy temples" is a famous line in Li Qingzhao's "Yong Yu Le", and Sun Yan used it here to describe the posture of the thick trees and weeping willows by the lake swaying in the mist. The effect is excellent, almost as wonderful as orchids. Others such as "The bead curtains and painted buildings cannot catch up with the evening rain and morning clouds" and "The broken stone tablets are all illuminated by the mist" are also good examples of melting.
Finally, Sun Lian's refinement of words and sentences, and the sonorous beauty of rhyme and rhythm have all reached a state of proficiency, and it is almost impossible to change a word. This point has been discussed with everyone.
Dear friends, the above points are the main artistic features of Sun Beard Weng’s Long Couplet of the Grand View Tower, “the first couplet in the country”. After the vicissitudes of history, Changlian has received more and more praise and praise. Wu Yangxian, a native of the Qing Dynasty, spoke highly of it: "The sound of iron plates, copper lutes, and shoes is heard, and the talent of the bearded man is extraordinary. On the top of the building, there are 180 crosses, and the yellow crane inscription has left an eternal name." During the reign of Emperor Daoguang, Liang Zhangju, a coupletist, said: "The resort is spectacular. There must be a long couplet to start with, but it only lasts for twenty or three times. However, the couplet of Guo Daguan Tower in the capital of Yunnan Province has more than 170 words and is praised throughout the country. "Liu Runzhi in modern times praised: "Sun Beard's couplet of Daguan Tower. , majestic, shining in the universe, long-lasting at home and abroad, it should be ranked first.
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In March 1958, Mao Zedong went to Chengdu to attend the Central Work Conference. During the meeting, he borrowed more than 10 kinds of couplets, including Liang Zhangju's "Couplets". In this book, he saw the Long Couplet of the Grand View Tower. , admired it very much and could recite it fluently. In the book, Liang affirmed the long couplet and also commented: "(This couplet) is too long to be ridiculed. In this regard, Mao Zedong commented: "There has never been a new style in ancient times. This comment is inaccurate." " Regarding Liang Wen's statement that the long couplet has "more than 170 words", Mao Zedong corrected it: "One hundred and eighty words." "He was also very disgusted with the long couplets that Ruan Yuan had tampered with in the book, and commented: "Deadly rivals, turning gold into iron. "In October 1959, after visiting the Grand View Tower in Kunming, Dong Biwu wrote the poem "Visiting the Grand View Tower in Kunming". The first four sentences say: "The Grand View Tower in Kunming encompasses the lakes and mountains. The long couplet between the beard and the old man is full of feelings from the past and present. " In January 1961, Guo Moruo enthusiastically praised in his poem "Ascend the Grand View Tower": "The long couplets are still on the wall, and the huge letters are like rafters. "The handwriting of this poem is now hanging on the third floor of the Daguan Tower, and it has become popular. Chen Yi went boating on the Dianchi Lake in December 1963, and also wrote: "The Sun Bearded Man Hangs Between the Bulkheads of the Daguan Tower and the Long Couplet of the Grand View Tower Reading a Happy Poem after Reading"; "In the eyes of Dianchi Lake, it is five hundred miles away. Think of humans for thousands of years. The corrupt system finally collapsed, and the emerging class gained momentum. It is not unfortunate that the poet died in poverty, and so far the long couplet is a prediction.
After Sun's couplets, imitations appeared one after another, and long couplets came out one after another. However, there is no one who can compare with it so far. Daguanlou Changlian is still called "the best in the world".
Let’s first look at the first couplet, “Three glasses of wine in the arms of a thousand years”, which means: the long past events of thousands of years have come to my heart and filled my arms. Let us raise a cup and drink, slowly comment on the merits and crimes of the past, and melt away the endless emotions!;; The second line of the second line "Thousands of miles of clouds and mountains and a water tower" means: clouds cover the green mountains, mountains embrace white clouds, clouds and mountains are thousands of miles away, directly Heaven. On the bank of the vast Dianchi Lake, there is a tall building rising from the waves. Climb a tall building, lean on the railing, look out into the distance, and point out the country.
The author compares real objects and landscapes such as wine, clouds, mountains, water, and buildings, and makes the vastly different quantities such as Qianqiu, three cups, ten thousand miles, and one (seat) compare and connect, and connect them. The Long Couplet of the Daguan Tower is highly condensed and summarized. It not only depicts a magnificent and beautiful scene, but also expresses strong and deep emotions. It has similarities with the Long Couplet of the Daguan Tower in terms of ideology and style. , which can complement the long couplet artistically.
This couplet is written in running script, elegant and graceful. It was originally written by Song Xiang and later destroyed. During the Tongzhi period, Ma Rulong made a supplement and put his own name on it.
After appreciating this couplet, let us go upstairs to take a look. Dear friends, we climbed up to the Grand View Tower at different times. Although we both admired the Dianchi Lake and the Western Mountains in the distance, we had different feelings. When you climb up to the Grand View Tower in the early morning, you can see the mountains in the water and the water in the fog, just like an ink landscape painting. Climbing the Grand View Tower at noon, you can have a panoramic view of Dianchi Lake, which is 500 miles away, with vast expanse of blue waves. Climbing the Grand View Tower at dusk, you will see the sunset, the white sails, and the sound of fishing songs, which is full of poetry and painting. This is another "borrowing at the right time" effect of "borrowing scenery".
Now that we have climbed to the third floor, please take a look at this poem written by Mr. Guo Moruo when he visited the Daguan Tower in January 1961: Sure enough, the grand view, the mountains and rivers call for leaning on the railing.
The sleeping Buddha is in the clouds, and Dianchi Lake is as wide as the sea.
The long couplets are still on the wall, and the huge letters are like rafters.
I have also been wearing my clothes for a long time, and my ambition is overflowing.
This poem not only praises the magnificent scenery of the Grand View Tower with its majestic momentum, but also speaks highly of Sun Beard and his long couplet.
The Grand View Tower is famous for its long couplets of sun beard and old man. Today, a couplet written by Yunlong says: "In balance with the Yueyang Yellow Crane, they are equally majestic, and each has a great name in the universe. Let's take a look at the beauty of the Kunhai Jade Rooster, and don't lose the beauty of the moon to the Spring and Autumn Period." This couplet will describe the Grand View Tower. It is compared with Yueyang Tower and Yellow Crane Tower. As the reputation of the Daguan Tower grows, the formation of the "Four Famous Towers in China" is an indisputable fact. Tengwang Pavilion and Tengwang Pavilion poems are prefaced, Yellow Crane Tower and Yellow Crane Tower poems, Yueyang Tower and Yueyang Tower notes, Daguan Tower and Daguan Tower long couplets, famous buildings and famous articles complement each other and reflect China together.