Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Farewell to the grass/the ancient grass of Fude
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Yi Jiangnan Jiangnan Hao
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
An old man selling charcoal
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round.
His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black.
What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth.
Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder.
At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market.
Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.
Who is that proud man riding on two horses? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.
The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace.
A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way.
Those people put half a piece of red yarn and a piece of silk on their heads as the price of charcoal.
Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.
I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.
Chishang
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
A child propped up the boat and secretly picked the white lotus back.
He didn't know how to hide the trail. The duckweed on the water left a boat through the trail.
Related reading: Bai Juyi is the main achievement.
officialdom
Bachelor of Hanlin
The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a scholar at the age of 29 in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800). He has served as provincial school secretary, school assistant and Hanlin bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he was left as a gleaning, and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including ten masterpieces of Qin Zhongyin and fifty poems of New Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and grieve. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor.
Jiangzhou Sima
In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry, so he wrote to urge the murderer to be severely punished to punish the law. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of admonishers. So he was demoted to the state secretariat. Wang Ya said that her mother fell into the well while looking at flowers and died. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such people are not worthy of governing the county, so they are demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those allegorical poems.
The demotion of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "had no intention of eliminating troubles, brightening his face, and eliminating troubles in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, with the help of his good friend Cui Qun, he was promoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou.
Hangzhou Secretariat
In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. So he asked for his release. In 822, Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. During his tenure in Hangzhou, he saw that the farmland around Hangzhou was often threatened by drought, but officials refused to use the water from the West Lake to irrigate the farmland. So he eliminated many obstacles and criticisms, mobilized migrant workers to heighten the lake embankment, built dams and sluices, increased the capacity of the lake, and solved the irrigation problem of hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland between Qiantang (now Hangzhou) and Yan Guan (now Haining). Bai Juyi also stipulated that when the farmland is not irrigated, the large and small sluices and Doumen of the West Lake should be closed in time; If there is water leakage, it should be repaired in time. Bai Juyi also organized the masses to repair six wells dug by Li Bi, the secretariat of Hangzhou, in Qiantangmen and Yongjinmen in the Tang Dynasty, which improved the water use conditions of residents.
literature
Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four kinds of poems: irony, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous law, the first two reflect his "serving the service and always being good", so they are the most valued. At the same time, he put forward his own literary proposition: "Articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well." His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.
As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... The satirist who admonishes Ci Fu, though wild, will be rewarded. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and promote good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise and criticism, and it is admonition and irony. Therefore, he advocated: "establish an official who collects poems, open a satirical way, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to the new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "its quality is small, and those who want to see it are easy to distinguish;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.
Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he went on to say: "In short, for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for writing." (Preface to New Yuefu) In Nine Books of the Same Origin, he reviewed his early creation and said, "Since I came to Korea, I have grown older and read more. Every time he talks to others, he asks more current events; Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Tao, and you will know that articles are written in time and songs and poems are written in things. " The first thing to do for time is to show it to the king. He also said: "I don't know when to avoid it" (the second of two painful poems about Tang Qu), and created a large number of satirical poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, but the general direction is "only songs make people sick, hope the emperor can know" (sent to Tang Sheng). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm.
Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they both try to keep the events as simple as possible and use only one center.
Events and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident, the author will soon take a few strokes, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, it is like a spring breeze, and it is never tired. Even Pipa, a work that imitates music and narrates the fate of the characters, closely links sounds and events with emotions. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. For example, in Song of Eternal Sorrow, "He gazed at the desolate moon from the temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the late rain, cutting it on his chest"; "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" and "When the river mysteriously expands to the full moon" in the pipa; Or combine the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbreaking bell into a charming scene; Or use rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and the moon to form a sad and lonely picture, revealing sadness, sadness and depression.