1. Plum blossoms - the first to bloom, proud of the frost and snow - dare to be the first, not afraid of the powerful - a gentleman
Plum blossoms fight against the cold and snow, jade bones and ice muscles, aloof and self-admiring, the first in the severe cold It blooms and then brings out the fragrance of the brilliant flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms are admired and praised by poets.
Plum Blossoms by Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty: "One sudden changes first, and all flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristics of plum blossoms that bloom first, and wrote about not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first. Her quality is not only to praise Mei, but also to praise herself.
Lu You's famous poem "Ode to Plum Blossoms": "It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." The plum blossoms are used to describe his tortured misfortune and his noble sentiments that he does not want to join in the misfortune.
2. Orchid - elegant and fragrant, graceful posture - pursuit of indifference - gentleman hermit
Orchid, fresh and not turbid, pure fragrance, beautiful flower posture, well-proportioned body, leaf shape Vigorous, staggered changes, elegant charm. Because classical poetry often writes about its elegant fragrance and self-pity, orchid is often used as a metaphor for beautiful things because of its fragrance and graceful posture. Such as orchid friends - a metaphor for like-minded people, orchid Tu - a bright future, orchid quality - orchid-like quality.
"Orchid" by Xu Wei in the Ming Dynasty: "Don't be surprised that the spring light does not belong to Nong, one fragrance is enough to overwhelm a thousand reds. The general orders to pick the sleeves of Han, not to be a musk in the world." This poem is written The beauty of the spring orchid is known, and the orchid wins with its delicate fragrance, which is many times higher than the "thousand reds" in the spring.
3. Bamboo - solid nature, chaste heart, verdant green bamboo - upright and humble, steadfast and noble - a hermit gentleman
A. The ancients described the natural nature of bamboo Shape is linked to people’s moral pursuits. Bai Juyi's "Bamboo Raising Notes" compares bamboo's "solid nature", "straight nature", "empty heart", "chastity" and other characteristics to the moral cultivation of a gentleman.
Zhang Jiuling's poem "Ode to Bamboo with Huangmen Lu Shiyu": "People with high integrity respect each other, and humility is known to the world." Praising the integrity and humility of bamboo.
B. Metaphysicians, hermits, and poets like to discuss metaphysics in an environment surrounded by lush green bamboos, and more and more of these scenes have entered their poems. For example,
Chang Jian's "Inscription on the Zen Garden Behind the Poshan Temple": "The bamboo path leads to the secluded place, and the Zen flowers and trees are deep."
4. Chrysanthemums (yellow flowers, east fence) - Lin Blooming in autumn, the color is light and elegant - Ling Bing is proud of the frost, not afraid of the powerful; indifferent to fame and fortune, not seeking fame and fame - a man with lofty ideals and a gentleman.
A. Blooming before autumn - Ling Bing is proud of the frost, not afraid of the powerful, and sticks to the evening festival - a man with lofty ideals
Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking the fallen dew of the magnolia in the morning, "The poet drinks dew and eats flowers to symbolize his noble character and purity." "Chrysanthemums" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but there will be no flowers when the flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character. Others "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blowing down among the flowers" ("Cold Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Sixiao of the Song Dynasty), "The lonely east fence is wet with dew, and the gold in front shines on the sand" ("Two Chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival" by Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty) In other poems, chrysanthemums are used to express the poet's spiritual quality. The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
B. The color is light and elegant---not interested in fame and fortune, not seeking fame and fame--hermit
Example poem: Opening a pavilion in the garden, drinking wine and talking about mulberry and hemp. When the Double Ninth Festival comes, there will be chrysanthemums. ——Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village"
5. Grass - flowing with the sequence of events, green grass stretching to the sky - touching the lingering worries and thoughts - expressing the feeling of parting and traveling
《 "Chu Ci" Huainan Hill "Recruiting Hermits": "The kings and grandsons have traveled here and never returned, and the spring grass has grown luxuriantly." These two sentences describe seeing the color of the grass and thinking about leaving people, with deep sadness.
6. Falling flowers - flowers fall and return in spring - sad spring and sad autumn, youth is fleeting
Du Fu's "Jiangnan Meets the Year of Li Gui" "It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, the season of falling flowers "Meet You Again" is written in the ups and downs and desolate mood of being displaced in the storm.
7. Yanghua (catkins) - erratic - mood of separation - wanderer missing his wife, friends saying goodbye
Su Shi's "Water Dragon Song" "Look carefully at the four willow flowers. A little bit is the tears of separation. "
8. Willow (willow, poplar) - "willow" means "stay", and the willow branches are lingering - lingering and sorrowful, parting mood - farewell to cherished people; " "Willow" grows in front of and behind the eaves of the house and is often used as a symbol of hometown.
A "I have passed away in the past, and the willows are still there" - "The Book of Songs" is the first of its kind to chant willows to express feelings and to express one's feelings before leaving.
B "As soon as I go up to the tall building, I feel sad for thousands of miles, and the willows are like Tingzhou." It expresses Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.
9. Pines and cypresses - withered after the cold, tall and straight - upright, steadfast and noble - noble people
Li Bai praised the physical properties of pine many times, such as "the nature of pine and cypress" "It's hard to be lonely and lonely"
10. Wutong - the first fall in autumn - the sadness of autumn - the lonely and frustrated person
"Autumn Rain Wutong" in Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". "When the Leaves Fall" exaggerates the loneliness and sorrow of Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty: "The mandarin ducks and tiles are heavy with frost, and the emerald quilts are cold, who can care about them?"