According to scientists' research on geological changes, the initial prototype of the Yangtze River was probably formed 654.38+0.4 billion years ago. At that time, the area of the ancient Mediterranean was much larger than that of modern times, and the Yangtze River also flowed into the ancient Mediterranean from east to west. By 65 million years ago, that is, the era of dinosaur extinction, there was a fierce orogeny, the Himalayas rose, the ancient Mediterranean disappeared, the terrain in the west rose rapidly, and the Yangtze River flowed from east to west, from north to south, and then turned to east. By 3 million years ago, the western plateau was further raised, and the water of the ancient Yangtze River cut through Wushan, all the way to the east, and went straight to the East China Sea, forming the current "rolling Yangtze River water flowing eastward".
The Yellow River is much younger than the Yangtze River. It hatched before 1 15000 years ago. At first, the Yellow River was just many inland rivers connecting the lake basins in the central and western regions, which was equivalent to the capillaries of the earth, very peaceful and soothing. This feature is actually more conducive to human use of rivers. After the evolution of 6.5438+0.05 million yuan, the lakes in the Yellow River Basin gradually connected, and finally formed the embryonic form of the modern Yellow River. From 65438+ 10,000 years ago to 65438+ 10,000 years ago, the water of the Yellow River rushed out from the east and west and ran towards the sea, finding its own estuary.
Because of the particularity of the area where the Yellow River flows, it is more prone to floods, forming a flood plain that is very suitable for farming and rich for a while. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are mostly plains, and the estuary is constantly changing. According to legend, Dayu controlled water and dredged rivers, which became the earliest known record of the diversion of the Yellow River estuary. During the Song Dynasty, the Yellow River changed its course several times. At one time, it had two estuaries, one entering the Bohai Sea in the north and the other entering the Yellow Sea in the south. Since then, although the Yellow River has become an estuary again, it has been artificially or naturally breached from time to time, making the lower reaches of the Yellow River change back and forth between the north and the south.
According to historical records, in the past 2500 years, the Yellow River flooded nearly 1600 times and changed its course 26 times. This is also the mother river at the beginning of China, so it is a punishment for wantonly destroying the vegetation environment in the middle and upper reaches. There is a saying in the ancients that "saints come out, while Huang Heqing comes out". Now there is a new discipline called "environmental economics". Returning farmland to forests has been implemented in the west, and many farmers have become rangers. I believe that the water in our mother river will become clearer and clearer.
Knowing the history of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, we can infer the origin of the names of the two mother rivers.
According to the existing historical records, the original "Jiang" and "He" are the proper names of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, while others are called "Water" or "Chuan". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "Jiang" and "He" were recorded in Shangshu Erya and Zuozhuan. According to the described characteristics, it is inferred that they refer to "Yangtze River" and "Yellow River". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong called the Yangtze River "Great River" in Lun Heng, and Ban Gu began to use the name "Yellow River" in Hanshu. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the name "Yangtze River" appeared in the Book of Jin. Since then, the names of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River have been formally formed.
As for the difference between a river and a river.
1, originally Haijiang inland river.
Judging from the geological changes and historical records, it is only speculated that those who enter the sea are called "rivers" and those who do not, but there was no written record at that time. Later, the Yellow River struggled to open its own estuary, but in people's minds, the Yellow River is called "River", so the name has not changed.
2. big rivers and small rivers.
The so-called big water is small, but there is no agreement. Many big ones are also called "rivers", and the meaning of rivers is wider. This is still because of habit. Small rivers and gullies, as auxiliary rivers or tributaries, do not directly enter the sea. It is called "river" because of the original idea that "inland is a river". Pointing to a stream and saying what "river" it is is really a bit strange.
3, form a habit, Nanjiang Beijiang.
Due to the influence of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, people in the Central Plains are more accustomed to using "river" to command, while southerners prefer to use "river" to name it, even if it is a small river, it does not enter the sea.
In fact, there are no certain rules for the names of rivers. For example, Heilongjiang in the north used to be called "weak water", "black water", "big river" and "Nahe River", called "Heilongjiang" in Liao Dynasty and "mixed river" in Yuan Dynasty.
If a river is dredged now, peach trees, willow trees and cherry trees are planted on both sides of the river, and the river is named "taohuajiang", "Lvliujiang" and "Luoyingjiang", it feels good, as long as it is happy and meaningful.
"Jiang" and "River" literally mean water! Analyze from other aspects why the Yangtze River is called "Jiang" and the Yellow River is called "He". Here is a brief summary of two aspects.
First: region
Generally, when we look at the names of regional rivers in China, we will find such a feature: rivers in the south are often called rivers. Such as: Yangtze River, Pearl River, Hanjiang River, etc ... Most rivers in southwest and northeast China are also called rivers. ...
In the north, it is more called "river". Such as: Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, etc ... Most northwest river basins are also called rivers. ...
Second: injection flow direction
There is another aspect of the division, people are named after the flow direction of the river. Rivers that flow into inland seas or lakes are usually called rivers. What is injected into the "high seas" or "oceans" is called a "river". For example, the Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River flows into the East China Sea and the Pearl River. ...
Whether it is the "Yangtze River" or the "Yellow River", they have always been the source of our life. Moisturize the "motherland" and breed "Chinese descendants"!
There is no difference between a river and a river. They are all "rivers" in English. Lancang River in China is called Mekong River in Southeast Asia. The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River and has a larger flow, but the Nile River is longer than the Yangtze River and the Amazon River has a larger flow. It can be seen that there is no difference between "river" and "river" itself, and it has nothing to do with its length.
Then, why are some waters in China called "rivers", such as Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yarlung Zangbo River, Songhua River and Yalu River? Some waters are also called "rivers", such as the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, Weihe River and Fenhe River. In fact, "Jiang" and "He" were both proper nouns at first. "Jiang Shui" refers to the Yangtze River and "River" refers to the Yellow River. Historical Records: "The four blasphemers are Jiang, Huai, He and Ji." "Rivers" and "Huaiji" are also called, so it can be seen that they were the earliest proper nouns. "Jiang" comes from water sound, and "He" comes from water sound, both of which are pictophonetic characters.
After that, "River" gradually became the general name of the northern river, and "Jiang" became the general name of the southern river. "Biography of Poetry" said: "The river is the general name of the flowing water in the north." It is no longer exclusive to the Yellow River. Then, why is the Northeast River called "Jiang"? According to the textual research of Hu Hong's "Great Summer, Embracing Chinese Style Gradually", the ancient Korean Peninsula accepted China culture on a large scale in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, among which Baekje, Silla and Southern Dynasties were closer, so the name "Ginger" was brought into the Korean Peninsula. Then slowly spread to the whole northeast. So today, except Liaohe River, the northeast is basically called Jiang.
Thanks for reading, welcome to pay attention!
The main difference between "river" and "river" in China lies in the stability of surface runoff. The one with good stability is called "Jiang" and the one with poor stability is called "River". The so-called stability means that the water flow changes little throughout the year, and it is stable and quiet. The Yangtze River is called "Jiang" because its water flow is stable all the year round. The Yellow River, on the other hand, is surging and threatening, especially in summer, where the current is fast and the flow is large, which is easy to cause floods. However, in winter and early spring, there is a "cut-off", so it is called "river"
The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, the largest river in Asia and the third largest river in the world. It flows through Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai, with a total length of 6,300 kilometers and a drainage area of 1807 199 square kilometers. Second only to the Amazon and the Nile. Because of its long history and stable water flow all the year round, it is named "Yangtze River".
The Yellow River flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers and a drainage area of 752,443 square kilometers, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea, becoming the fifth largest river in the world. The Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau. Due to soil erosion, the river carries a lot of sediment, which is called the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. So the water is yellow, and it has been named after the Yellow River since the Han Dynasty.
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are two main rivers in China, the longest of which is called the Yangtze River. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, the "mother river" and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. These two rivers are the center of China's cultural and economic development.
The following explanations are shared with you: the first explanation: the banks of the Huangpu River in Shanghai are neither called Jiangdong Jiangxi nor Hedong Hexi, and the middle word' Puxi' is called Pudong Puxi. How do you explain this? Besides, why are they called the Yellow River and the Yangtze River? The correct answer should be: a river in dry season, a river in dry season.
The second explanation: The Yellow River is named after the color of water. The Yangtze River is named after its length. The Yangtze River has surpassed the Yellow River in momentum, current and water depth. You can't call the Yellow River the Yellow River.
The third explanation: The rivers with small flow and narrow water surface are Tanghe, Sun Xi and Qijiang in jiangjin district, Chongqing, and other rivers hundreds of miles long are called river ditches, so there are differences between rivers. The river is as small as the sea and the lake is as small as a lake. There is a long stream between villages, which can be called a small river, but it can't be called a small river.
The fourth explanation: it is called Jiang because it needs manual fiber pulling to go to work or take a boat; You can cross the river and row without manpower. Say "River"! This can explain the difference between rivers, not north and south, but also a far-fetched transliteration of dragon, black, duck and green;
The fifth explanation: rivers with relatively stable surface runoff and little change throughout the year, such as the Yangtze River, are basically navigable throughout the year. Rivers whose surface runoff changes greatly due to seasonal changes, such as the Yellow River, have a large amount of water in summer, but they are often cut off in winter. This is the essential difference between a river and a river.
Actually, I just saw this. What book did you read about it? hahaha. It is the traditional cultural knowledge that primary school students should know and send it to students for study.
Let's look at the top ten rivers in the world: 1. Nile (6670 km), 2. Amazon (6400km), 3. Yangtze River (6380 km), 4. Mississippi (6020 km), 5. Yellow River (5464 km), 6. Irtysh River (6.
Looking at the top ten rivers in the world, we can see that foreign rivers are all named after rivers, not rivers. For example, the Lancang River is called a river in China, but it is called a river in Indochina Peninsula. Of course, this is probably a translation problem. All foreign rivers are translated into rivers.
Then let's take a look at the top ten rivers in China, namely the Yangtze River (6,380km), Yellow River (5,464km), Heilongjiang (4,350km), Pearl River (2,320km), Songhua River (1.900km), Yarlung Zangbo River (2,057km) and Lancang River (China 265,438+).
Judging from the top ten rivers in China, there are many rivers, eight of which are called * * *, and only two are called He. According to the distribution from north to south, the Yellow River and Liaohe River are both in the north, but there are two in the north and six in the south.
In addition, let's look at more rivers in China. We can find that the rivers in the south are mainly called rivers, and the rivers in the north are mainly called rivers, so there is the saying of Nanjiang Beijiang. Of course, Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Wusuli River and Nenjiang River will be special because they are all injected into the ocean.
We know that in ancient times, people named Jiang generally referred to the Yangtze River and those named He generally referred to the Yellow River. These two are particularly representative. The basin area and water volume are larger than those of rivers, so there is a saying that there are big rivers and small rivers, while rivers generally pour into the sea, while rivers mainly pour into rivers or lakes or inland seas, so there is a saying that the sea is a river and the lake is a river.
Rivers generally pass through high mountains and valleys, and rivers generally pass through plains. There is also a saying that rivers will be cut off, but rivers will not be cut off. This is of course affected by the amount of water. I don't know which one you prefer. Please comment and discuss.
In ancient times, the river refers to the Yangtze River and the river refers to the Yellow River.
In ancient times, it was called Sidu, which is the four most famous water systems in the Central Plains.
Jiang, He, Huai and Ji.
Today, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Huaihe River are still there. Where is the water?
Everyone doesn't know that Jishui River was diverted by the Yellow River during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, and since then Jishui has disappeared from the earth.
From this map, we can clearly see that the ancient Yellow River Estuary was in Bohai Bay in the Hebei area of Tianjin, but now it is in Shandong, which used to save water.
The difference between a river and a river
The difference between these two words lies in "work" and "ability".
In fact, in the process of ancient word-making, the word "I" has a great meaning, so it has great significance.
The big water is a river, the big wood is a pole, the big shell is a tribute, and the big bug is a rainbow.
Therefore, the ancients created the word "Jiang", which means the vastness of the Yangtze River.
But the singer appreciates it. Therefore, the magnificence of the Yellow River is amazing, sighing for the river, sighing for the soil, sighing for the country.
Therefore, the ancients invented the word "river", symbolizing the danger of the Yellow River, which is amazing!
As for the later generations' saying that rivers enter the open sea and rivers enter the inland sea, they are all attached to the present.
China's writing has wonderful charm!
In the pre-Qin period, only the Yellow River was called "River" and only the Yangtze River was called "River". "River" was two fixed nouns before the Han Dynasty, and other rivers were called "water".
For example, the Weihe River flowing through Shaanxi was called "Weishui" in the pre-Qin period, the Danhe River flowing through Shanxi was called "Fresh Water" in the pre-Qin period, and Yishui, which flowed through Hebei, was called "Yishui" in the pre-Qin period (the wind was rustling and the strong man was gone forever, and the place where Jing Ke bid farewell to Taizi Dan was Yishui). Even the Yangtze River was called "river water" at first, and it was not called "Yangtze River" until the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
So at first, only the Yellow River was dominant, and other rivers were called water.
(Yellow River and Yangtze River)
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the "river" no longer belongs exclusively to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and other rivers can also be used. Generally speaking, China people are used to calling rivers with large water volume and rivers with small water volume.
Due to climate and other reasons, the rivers in the south are generally large, so the rivers called rivers are mainly in the south, such as Pearl River, Han River, Xiangjiang River, Minjiang River, Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yarlung Zangbo River.
Although the length of the Pearl River is not as long as that of the Yellow River, its water volume is much larger than that of the Yellow River.
There are fewer rivers in the north, so they are mainly called rivers, such as Huaihe River, Haihe River and Weihe River.
The rivers in Northeast China are also called rivers because of their large amount of water, such as Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Nenjiang River and Yalu River.
So the difference between "river" and "river" mainly lies in the amount of water, not according to geographical location. Several rivers at the source of the Yangtze River are also called rivers because of their low water volume, such as Jacky Tuotuo River, Tongtianhe River and Dangqu River.
Of course, there are exceptions to everything, and there are some rivers with little water, such as the Han River in South Korea and the Datong River in North Korea. These two rivers have the same amount of water, but they are also called Jiang.
In addition, China people usually use the word "river" when translating foreign rivers. Such as Danube, Mississippi, Yenisei, Ganges and Nile. Even the Amazon River, with the largest amount of water in the world, is still called a river rather than a river.
And there is a very interesting phenomenon. Many rivers called "Jiang" in China are translated into rivers after flowing out of the country.
Lancang River was translated into Mekong River after it flowed to Southeast Asia.
Heilongjiang was translated into amur river by us when it was in Russian territory.
After the Yarlung Zangbo River flowed to India, it was translated into Brahmaputra River. (The Yarlung Zangbo River flows through China, Indian and Bengal)
According to the knowledge of modern geography, those that flow into inland seas or lakes are called "rivers", such as the Yellow River and Tarim River. What flows into the open sea is called "Jiang", such as the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
Geographically, most rivers in the south are called "rivers" and most rivers in the north are called "rivers".
But I have to say that in ancient China, these two rivers were originally called "water" and later called "Sichuan". Sichuan in My Son in Sichuan refers to the Yellow River.
About 400 BC, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have been called "Zhuozhang River" because of the turbidity of the river. It was not until around 100 AD that there was a record of "the river was heavy and muddy, with six buckets of mud for one stone". At this time, it was during the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties in ancient China. In The Book of Songs, there are poems such as "Kan Kan cut Tan Xi, and the river dried up", among which the "river" is the Yellow River. It can be seen that the Yellow River was still called "River" at that time. At this time, the ancients should not have the concept that "Bohai Sea is an inland sea".
According to Records of Historical Records of Han Dynasty, "China has hundreds of Sichuan sources, not four capitals, but the Yellow River is the ancestor". According to the year when Hanshu was written in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it can be inferred that the official name of the Yellow River began to appear around 100.
Later, "river" refers to the Yellow River and "river" refers to the Yangtze River. Since China culture originated in the north, it is understandable that when there is a concept of "river", there is basically no concept of "river". When people found or realized that the "Yangtze River" was bigger than the "Yellow River", this river has become a special word for the Yellow River.