Narrative reading method: read the full text with your heart → extract the main idea (people, things, feelings, reason) → read the stem carefully, clear your mind → answer the key words in the stem → try to complete the main points (score).
1, five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism.
2. Some description methods: action, language, psychology, appearance, expression and detail description.
3. Three narrative sequences: chronological narrative, flashback and insertion (supplementary narrative is a kind of insertion).
Narrative has three functions: first, the content of narration ..., revealing the ideological causes of the character's character ... in contrast with ..., highlighting the image or center of the character.
C explained the time and reason, paving the way for the following.
4. Narrator: the first person (I), the second person (you) and the third person (he, she, it).
5. Narrative clue: A takes the object as the clue (see the topic) B takes the emotion or emotional change as the clue (find out the words with obvious emotional changes in the text,)
Take events as clues (repeated words or sentences).
6, the meaning and role of the title:
Meaning: double meaning [surface and deep] (surface: surface refers to ……) (deep: actual refers to ……: symbol ……: contact the article center)
B is a pun.
Function: a: as a clue, it runs through the whole text, promoting the development of the plot and making the article organized.
B: summarize the main contents of the article and highlight the theme of the article.
C: Suspense is set to stimulate readers' interest in reading.
D: It is profound, novel, vivid, thought-provoking, inspiring and interesting.
7, the beginning role:
A: Suspense is set to stimulate readers' interest in reading. (flashbacks are often used)
B: Render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, and pave the way for the next plot development. (using scenario description)
8. End function:
Answer: (argumentative, lyrical) Point out the main idea, deepen the center and sublimate feelings.
B: Implicative and meaningful, thought-provoking and thought-provoking.
C: Take care of the beginning (echo from beginning to end) to make the structure of the article more rigorous.
9. Summarize the character and spiritual quality: (Four Methods)
Abstract words in the text; B look at the specific description; C look at the events written; D comprehensive summary from different angles.
10. Summing up events: people (heroes)+events (cause+process+result)
Overview Center: This article tells (describes) the events (objects and scenes) of …, reveals the truth of …, praises (lashes) the quality (phenomenon) of …, and expresses my feelings about ….
1 1. mood or psychology: the mood or psychology of.
12, the role of details: write in detail, write slightly, make the article detailed and appropriate, and highlight the center of the article.
13. What is the function of rhetorical sentences or descriptive sentences? (Appreciation questions are common, so pay attention to the choice of appreciation sentences. )
The image vividly shows the psychology (personality, quality, image) of … ....
Personification sentence: personification ... and vivid display of its characteristics.
Contrast sentence: enhance the momentum, the language is smooth and the feelings are stronger.
Duality sentence: make the sentence form neat and the sound harmonious and sonorous.
Descriptive sentence: It vividly shows the psychology (personality, quality, image) of ... ....
Philosophical sentence: Point out the center, deepen the theme, sublimate the emotion and reveal the philosophy.
14, writing techniques: contrast, foil, care, bedding, symbol, want to promote first, borrow things to express feelings, see the big from the small.
Contrast: Through the contrast between … and …, the image of … is clearly highlighted.
Set out: set out ... with ... and clearly highlight its image.
Reference: similarity reference; Contrast nursing; Causality nursing.
15, language style:
Vivid image, beautiful and fresh; B simple and sincere, easy to understand; C humorous and interesting;
D language is sharp and ironic; E is profound, implicit and philosophical; F magnificent.
16, the role of environmental description:
Render the atmosphere: contrast the atmosphere ... to pave the way for the next plot development ...
D implies the fate of the characters or promotes the development of the plot. E highlights the theme of the article. F explain the time, place, season and scene of the characters' activities.
17, keyword analysis:
Answer: ① Meaning: Analyze the meaning of words in detail, and judge whether to use rhetoric. If so, answer according to the appreciation questions. (2) there is no rhetoric, generally guessing the character, reasons, feelings, etc. The agent of this word.
B: Can one word be replaced by another? Generally speaking, it is impossible to change. It is necessary to analyze how well the expression effect of the cause words is combined with the context, but this effect cannot be achieved after the change. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Whether the two words before and after c are contradictory: generally speaking, they are not contradictory. These two words aim at different contents from different angles. )
18, the profound meaning of the key words: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Answer: Grasp the key words and explain the meaning. If it is a figurative sentence, write the ontology.
B: Replace the key words with the understood meaning, and then reconnect the sentences to form a complete sentence meaning. (equivalent to changing the original words into your own words; Also combined with the context contact center)
19: supplementary question:
A: Supplementary turning sentence (the junction of flashback and sequence; Scene changes, etc. )
B: supplement the beginning or end (pay attention to the beginning and end care and key points; Pay attention to the fore-and-aft effect; Attention center needs)
C: e: topic (end keyword: clue) (general contact center) supplementary words (address, polite language; What to say in context)
D: Supplementary description (action, expression, psychology, etc. (pay attention to the context and the location of personal use and narration)
20. Reason type problem
Attention should be paid to combining context (context) search or generalization (general contact center).
2 1, writing characteristics:
A: writing method b conception skill c language characteristics d character description method e: structure description, explanation, explanation, explanation
1. Read the whole for information.
(1) Summarize the contents of a paragraph or the whole text.
A. find the central sentence or turning sentence B. explain the object+characteristics C. the contents of the paragraphs overlap
(2) From what aspects is the article clear? [Divide the article into several parts and then summarize]
2, explain the method and function
Tip: ① Write several methods and use correct words. ② The description can be found in the first sentence of the method sentence or the central sentence of the paragraph.
A. enumerate figures: explain the contents of ... accurately and concretely. B, for example: explain the content of … concretely and vividly.
C. analogy: vividly explain the content of … D. compare: highlight the content of … by comparing … with ….
E. Definition: scientifically and accurately explained content ... F. Classification: clearly explained content. ...
Step 3 define things
Nouns+yes+characteristics (from the original text)+headwords, such as overall planning method, are mathematical methods for arranging work processes.
4.① The language style is accurate, plain and vivid (such as extensive use of descriptive sentences, rhetorical sentences, myths and legends, etc. )
② Can some words be deleted? (Words such as: about, about, most, almost, only, etc. )
Key points: A. Can't B. Add some modified, restricted and emphasized words C. Explain the reasons with explanations.
D. if it is removed, then ... e. adding words reflects the accuracy and rigor of the explanation language.
③ Functions of words such as "according to scientists' analysis", "according to data" and "according to statistics".
Key points: indicate the source of information, enhance the credibility of the explanation content, and reflect the scientific and accurate explanation language.
(4) For example, "Are the two words interchangeable?"
Key points: A. Can't B. Explain the meaning of the two words separately according to the content C. Analyze the reasons why they can't be interchanged D. Accuracy
⑤ Analyze the expressive function of descriptive words or sentences.
A. the function of words: analyze the meaning and accuracy (or vivid image) of words in combination with the content.
B. Expression function of sentences: find the correct interpretation method of sentences+the function of this interpretation method.
5. Explain the function of the beginning of the article: The main points are as follows
① Lead out the object of explanation ② Stimulate the reader's reading interest ③ (There is descriptive language at the beginning, which vividly leads out the things to be explained).
6. Explain the role of the end of the article
Main points: ① Summarize the full text and point out the purpose of writing; (2) express hope and make a call; (3) imagine a bright future (add the end for reference).
7. What is the role of description in expository writing? (From the perspective of content and language)
Key points: Describe the content in vivid language to stimulate readers' interest in reading.
8. Explain the role of quoting ancient poems, legends, proverbs and stories.
Key points: add literary color to the article and make it interesting to read; Stimulate readers' interest in reading (attract readers)
9. Why can't two paragraphs be interchanged or why ... why?
Key points: ① Summarize the two paragraphs first, and then explain the reasons why they cannot be interchanged (for example, the upper and lower paragraphs are progressive, and the priorities are clear; From phenomenon to essence, it conforms to human cognitive law)
10, supplementary question
① Supplementary turning sentences (connecting the preceding with the following); (2) add the central sentence of a paragraph (summarizing the content of this paragraph); ③ Supplementary ending.
1 1, explaining the open questions, types and key points in the text.
(1) Suggestions, methods and measures should be specific and conform to the actual situation as much as possible.
② Proposed advertising language and design slogan, etc. A. To the point B. The language is concise, concise, vivid and infectious C. It is creative/suggestive.
③ Inquiry, information extraction and information acquisition should refer to the full text and summarize the content of the article.
(4) Read the full text, and talk about the cognitive class in combination with the original text, specifically talking about opinions and understanding.
12. The topic type of the explanatory text ① takes the explanatory object as the topic ② Features+object ③ Rhetorical form ④ Metaphorical form.
13. Classification of description objects (1) Physical objects (2) Basis for judging things: (1) Look at the topic (2) Look at the beginning (3) Look at the description content of each paragraph.
14, indicating the characteristics of the object.
Look at the topic first and find it from the topic. 2 Be sure to write paragraphs. ③ Central sentence or turning sentence. ④ Summarize by yourself (characteristics of each paragraph are superimposed).
15, indicating the order
① Time series (development history) signs: time-lapse words ② spatial order (architecture) signs: words indicating position shift.
③ Signs of logical order (explanation): from phenomenon to essence, from primary to secondary (such as "first", "second" and "again", from result to cause, from generalization to concreteness, from whole to parts, from general to individual).
16. Structure: ① Total score ② Total score ③ Total score (hint: the hierarchical structure of the article must be made clear before each explanatory article).
17. What does this pronoun mean?
(1) Looking forward and backward (looking forward and backward) (2) Summarizing and testing by yourself (substitution method or substitution method)
Tips: The explanatory text is the simplest, and most of the answers are in the text. After reading it, first sort out the levels and find out what each paragraph explains.
Debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate debate.
First, the types of argumentative papers
Argument type: if saving is a virtue, it adds meaning to life, and is good at giving up, so that children can learn to be grateful from an early age.
Function: Put forward the central argument of this paper.
(2) On the topic: Simplicity on the backbone: Put forward the topic of this article (the problem of argumentative writing).
Second, the argument:
1. Argument type: ① central argument ② sub-argument.
2, the position of the central argument:
① Title ② Beginning ③ Ending ④ Middle ⑤ The text is unclear, which is summarized in combination with the full text.
How to judge: ① it is a complete statement with clear meaning; (2) is aimed at the topic.
(3) For the full text, the argument in the text can prove the content, and the content is an argument (except sub-arguments).
3, the way to put forward the argument:
(1) through the case or life phenomenon, or famous sayings, poetry leads to arguments; (2) come straight to the point and put forward the central argument directly.
③ Level argument, and finally summarize the central argument.
1. Argument types: truth argument and fact argument.
2. Supplementary arguments (Note): First of all, examine the question clearly, distinguish what kind of arguments it is, and also find out why you need to supplement your opinions. Please add an economic example in this paragraph to make the argument more complete.
(Knowledge point) Fact demonstration: It must be a celebrity case, and it is a well-known, true and representative typical case.
Reason: It must be a famous saying. Pay attention to peacetime accumulation.
Fourth, the demonstration method and its function:
1. Give an example to prove the point of ...
2. Reasoning: Reasoning to prove the point of ... so as to make the argument profound and thorough and enhance the persuasiveness.
3. Comparative argument: By comparing … with …, the viewpoint of … is clearly demonstrated, making the argument rigorous and convincing.
4. Metaphorical argument: Comparing … with … vividly demonstrates the viewpoint of …, making the argument easy to understand and convincing.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The general structure of argumentative writing;
Ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems.
Sixth, the argumentation idea: (or "Briefly describe the argumentation process" or "How to demonstrate?"
1. Use the words "first, then, finally" correctly to indicate the order.
2. Complete form: words indicating sequence+argumentation method+argumentation content.
7. The function of the beginning of an argumentative paper: (There are three ways: argumentation, refutation and refutation)
There are three ways to demonstrate: ① Introduce and prove the central argument or introduce the topic ... Examples (natural phenomena).
(2) The famous saying of crossing ... leads to and proves the central argument or leads to the theme.
(3) Cut to the chase, put forward the central argument, and always lead the full text.
Refutation: ① Lead to the central argument or topic through false statements.
(2) Pretending to be a false statement and setting the object of criticism to prepare for the next criticism.
Eight, the role of the end of the argumentative essay
(1) Structurally: echo the beginning to make the article structured. ② Summing up the full text: Deepen the summary of arguments and issue a call.
9. Can you remove a parameter?
Generally, it cannot be removed. Reason: The author demonstrates from ancient and modern times (Chinese and foreign, positive and negative, different identities, etc.). ) after being removed, it is not comprehensive and representative, which makes the argument not completely rigorous.
Are arguments interchangeable? Usually not. Reason: (1) Structurally, it means that some words in the last article are in sequence or in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign order, and the structure is not rigorous after exchange. (2) Content: This argument is to prove a small point of view of …, but it cannot prove another point.
Examples of open problems in argumentative reading.
(1) Supplementary category: For example, "Please give an example to prove the view that' strength is invincible'." "The author says that parents should educate their children to be polite from an early age and form good habits. This belongs to forward reasoning. Please write a sentence or two to further emphasize the category of "starting from the doll" from the negative argument. (2) Experience: For example, "Please talk about how to be superior from the" starting point of beauty "based on your own reality. "(3) Speculation: For example," Think about the author's point of view, please tell your true feelings or different opinions. " "What do you think are the similarities and differences between the exposition in this article and Mencius'' born in sorrow''? Please tell me your opinion. "(4) Accumulation category: For example," After reading the above, please write a famous aphorism related to thinking. Defoe, a famous English writer mentioned in Selected Works, is his masterpiece Robinson Crusoe. Please write an outline of this novel in concise language (about 100 words) ". (5) Imitation: For example, "Please imitate another sentence according to the function and sentence characteristics of the underlined sentence in article B."
(6) Suggestions: For example, "According to the context and your opinion, go to the school library.